Physiology - Reproduction Flashcards
the hypothalamus secretes ____ that acts on the ________ pituitary to release __ and ___ that acts on the _______ in female or ______ in male to secrete ________ and ___________ or ___________ respectively
the hypothalamus secretes GnRH that acts on the ANTERIOR pituitary to release LH and FSH that acts on the OVARIES in female or TESTES in male to secrete ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE or TESTOSTERONE respectively
FSH stimulates the production of what in:
(a) male
(b) female
FSH:
(a) male - SPERM
(b) female - OOGENESIS (GROWTH OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES) AND CAUSE OVARY TO SECRETE OESTROGEN
LH stimulates the production of what in:
(a) male
(b) female
LH:
(a) male - CAUSES TESTES TO SECRETE TESTOSTERONE
(b) female - CAUSES OVULATION AND PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION BY CORPUS LUTEUM
GnRH is released in a _________ manner
GnRH is released in a PULSATILE manner
high frequency GnRH pulses cause __ pulses whereas low frequency pulses cause ___ release
high frequency GnRH pulses cause LH pulses whereas low frequency pulses cause FSH release
when is GnRH pulsatility at its highest in males?
at night and so results in peak of testosterone in morning for men = erections
GnRH pulsatility is regulated by oestrogen and progesterone however GnRH producing _______ do not contain a receptor for these hormones
GnRH pulsatility is regulated by oestrogen and progesterone however GnRH producing NEURONS do not contain a receptor for these hormones - KISSPEPTIN
days 1-14:
day 14:
days 14-28:
days 1-14: follicular phase
day 14: ovulation
days 14-28: luteal phase
what happens in the follicular phase?
follicular growth
what stimulates follicular growth?
FSH
increase in oestrogen in follicular phase cause a temporary decrease in what?
FSH
once oestrogen levels hit certain concentration, positivity feedback results in an increase in what 2 things?
FSH and LH
LH leads to __________ and formation of ______ ______ and ____________ production and secretion
LH leads to OVULATION and formation of CORPUS LUTEUM and TESTOSTERONE production and secretion
increasing progesterone decreases the secretion of what?
LH
growth of a follicle increases the number of what?
follicular cells - NOT OOCYTES!
endometrium thickens under the influence of __________ and a becomes a secretory tissue under the influence of ____________
endometrium thickens under the influence of OESTROGEN and a becomes a secretory tissue under the influence of PROGESTERONE
LH surge precedes ovulation by how many hours?
34-36 hours
with increasing LH levels, ____________ levels also increase
with increasing LH levels, PROGESTERONE levels also increase
corpus luteum formation is due to what?
LH
what increases thickness of vaginal wall?
oestrogen
what reduces vaginal pH?
oestrogen
what decreases vervical mucous viscosity to facilitate sperm penetration?
oestrogen
what maintains the endometrium thickness?
progesterone
what is responsible for thick cervical mucous?
progesterone
what relaxes the myometrium?
progesterone
the entire spermatogenic process takes __ days
the entire spermatogenic process takes 70 days
GnRH LH FSH Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone
what causes follicular growth?
FSH
GnRH LH FSH Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone
what influences corpus luteum growth?
LH
GnRH LH FSH Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone
what regulates LH surge/
oestrogen
GnRH LH FSH Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone
what is known to ‘maintain preganacy’
progesterone
