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Endocrinology > Calcium - Metabolism and Disorders > Flashcards

Calcium - Metabolism and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

hypercalcaemia symptoms?

A

bones
stones
abdominal groans
psychic moans

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2
Q

acute hypercalcaemia symptoms?

A

thirst
dehydration
confusion
polyuria

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3
Q

chronic hypercalaemia symptoms?

A 
myopathy
fractures
osteopaenia
depression
hypetension
pancreatitis
DU
renal calculi
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4
Q

name the test performed for hypercalaemia

A

PTH test

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5
Q

where is the problem if PTH is HIGH in hypercalaemia?

A

bone problem

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6
Q

where is the problem if PTH is LOW in hypercalaemia?

A

parathyroid problem

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7
Q

2 main types of hypercalcaemia?

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

malignancy

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8
Q

raised serum calcium

raised serum PTH

increased urine calcium

diagnosis?

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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9
Q

raised calcium and alkaline phosphatase

diagnosis?

A

hypercalcaemia of malignancy

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10
Q

acute hypercalcaemia treatment?

A

fluids

loop diuretics

biphosphonates

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11
Q

treatment of sarcoidosis?

A

prednisolone

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12
Q

name the scan used to view the parathyroids

A

sestamibi scan

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13
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism treatment?

A

surgery

cinacalcet - calcium mimetic

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14
Q

end organ damage
very high calcium
under 50 years old
eGFR < 60

the above are all indications for what?

A

parathyroidectomy

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15
Q

name the 3 types of hyperparathyroidism

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

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16
Q

primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism:

high calcium and high PTH

primary overactivity of parathyroid gland i.e adenoma

A

primary

17
Q

primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism:

high calcium and high PTH

parathyroid becomes autonomous after many years of overactivity e.g renal failure

A

tertiary

18
Q

primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism:

low calcium and high PTH

physiological response to low calcium or vit D

A

secondary

19
Q

what genetic syndrome results in a developed parathyroid adenoma with hypercalcaemia at a young age?

A

MEN1/2

20
Q

80 year old man presents to ARU with 1 stone weight loss, cough, back pain

cCa2+ level= 3.4 (HIGH)

Phosp= 1.4 (NORMAL)

Alk Phos= 272 (HIGH)

CXR - LLL collapse

diagnosis?

A

malignant hypercalcaemia

21
Q

33 year old woman presents to bone clinic with incidental hypercalcaemia

high cCa2+ (hypecalcaemia)

low Ca in urine

diagnosis?

A

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia

22
Q

hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia is autosomal __________ and requires _______ screening

A

hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia is autosomal DOMINANT and requires GENETIC screening

23
Q 
Paraesthesia - fingers, toes, perioral
Muscle cramps, tetany
Muscle weakness
Fatigue
Bronchospasm or laryngospasm
Fits
Chovsteks sign (tapping over facial nerve)
Trousseau sign (carpopedal spasm)
ECG: QT prolongation

the above are all signs and symptoms of what?

A

hypocalcaemia

24
Q

acute hypocalcaemia treatment?

A

IV calcium gluconate

Infusion - infusate

25
Q

name the syndrome associated with hypoparathyroidism

A

DiGeorge syndrome

26
Q

hypoparathyroidism is also associated with hypo_____________

A

hypoparathyroidism is also associated with hypoMAGNESAEMIA

27
Q

long term management of hypoparathyroidism

A

calcium supplement

vitamin D tablet

28
Q

what causes hypomagnasaemia?

A 
alcohol
thiazides
PPI
Gi illness
pancreatitis
malabsorption
29
Q 
low calcium but PTH high
bone abnormalities
obesity
learning disability
brachdactyly

diagnosis?

A

Pseudohypoparathyoidism

30
Q

Albright’s Herditary Osteodystrophy but no alteration in PTH action and thus normal calcium

diagnosis?

A

pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism

31
Q

rickets and osteomalacia is a vitamin _ deficiency

A

rickets and osteomalacia is a vitamin D deficiency

32
Q

low calcium
muscle wasting
dental defects
bone tenderness, fractures, rib deformities

diagnosis?

A

osteomalacia - waddling gait

33
Q

chronic renal disease is due to vitamin _ deficiency and results in secondary ______parathyroidism

A

chronic renal disease is due to vitamin D deficiency and results in secondary HYPERparathyroidism

34
Q

chronic treatment for vitamin D deficiency?

A

Vitamin D3 tablets - calcitriol or alfacalcidol

35
Q

low phosphate and high vitamin D

X-linked hypophosphataemia

diagnosis?

A

vitamin D resistant rickets

treat with phosphate and Vit D supplements

Endocrinology (31 decks)

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