Anatomy - Thyroid

Question 1

the thyroid gland usually consists of _ lateral lobes and an _______

Answer 1

the thyroid gland usually consists of 2 lateral lobes and an isthmus

Question 2

the isthmus lies anterior to which rings of the trachea?

Answer 2

2nd and 3rd

Question 3

a lump in the thyroid gland will move _________ then _________ with the larynx during swallowing

Answer 3

a lump in the thyroid gland will move SUPERIORLY then INFERIORLY with the larynx during swallowing

Question 4

how many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

where are the 4 parathyroid glands located?

Answer 5

posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

Question 6

28 – 55% prevalence (mean 44.6%)

most commonly originates from the
left lateral lobe

9.2% are not connected to the main thyroid gland

most attach superiorly to thyroid cartilage

may extend as far superiorly as the hyoid bone

name the anatomical difference

Answer 6

pyramidal lobe

Question 7

where does the thyroid gland begin its development in embryology?

Answer 7

junction between the anterior 2/3rds and the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

Question 8

the thyroid gland is attached to the tongue via what?

Answer 8

the thyroglossal duct

Question 9

at what vertebral level is the thyroid gland at?

Answer 9

C7

Question 10

name the sheet like muscle of the neck

Answer 10

platysma

Question 11

platysma innervation?

Answer 11

CN VII

Question 12

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Vagus nerves
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein

Answer 12

2 carotid sheaths

Question 13

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Postural neck muscles
Cervical vertebrae

Answer 13

prevertebral (deep) fascia

Question 14

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Oesophagus
Trachea
Thyroid gland
Strap muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Answer 14

pretracheal fascia

Question 15

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Encloses all the other neck fascial
compartments encloses 2 pairs of muscles:

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 15

investing fascia

Question 16

sternocleidomastoid innervation?

Answer 16

CN XI

Question 17

trapezius innervation?

Answer 17

CN XI

Question 18

what does trapezium attach to inferiorly?

Answer 18

spine of scapula and lateral head of clavicle

Question 19

name the 2 heads of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 19

sternal head and clavicular head

Question 20

the external jugular vein drains into what?

Answer 20

subclavian vein

Question 21

the anterior jugular vein drains into what?

Answer 21

external jugular vein

Question 22

name the inferior attachments:

sternal head
clavicular head

Answer 22

sternal head - manubrium

clavicular head - medial end of clavicle

both attach to mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 23

what nerve is within the carotid sheath?

Answer 23

vagus (CN X)

Question 24

name the blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands (5)

Answer 24

left and right superior thyroid arteries

left and right inferior thyroid arteries

thyroid ima artery

Question 25

name the venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid glands (6)

Answer 25

left and right superior thyroid veins left and right middle thyroid veins left and right inferior thyroid veins

Question 26

name the 2 tracheal lymph nodes

Answer 26

pretracheal node paratracheal nodes

Question 27

CN X: branch of the medulla _________ exit skull via ________ _______ descend in the _______ ______ decent through the _____ posterior to the lung ______ and on the __________ pass through the ___________ with the ___________ divide into their terminal branches on ________ and abdominal organs with ________________ axons to _______ midgut

Answer 27

CN X: branch of the medulla OBLONGATA exit skull via JUGULAR FORAMEN descend in the CAROTID SHEATH decent through the CHEST posterior to the lung HILUM and on the OESOPHAGUS pass through the DIAPHRAGM with the OESOPHAGUS divide into their terminal branches on STOMACH and abdominal organs with PARASYMPATHETIC axons to DISTAL midgut

Question 28

which recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs under the arch of aorta and which secures under the subclavian artery?

Answer 28

left - arch of aorta | right - subclavian artery

Question 29

name the strap muscles

Answer 29

sternothyroid muscle thyrohyoid muscle omohyoid - sup. and inf. belly (omo = shoulder) goes through sling

Question 30

in a classical thyroidectomy, what is the incision called and what is it in the direction of?

Answer 30

'collar' incision in direction of Langer's lines incision through skin and platysma