Physiology: Preparation and training methods Flashcards
Name 3 health related components of fitness
Stamina
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Body composition
Flexibility
Define stamina
The ability to delay the onset of fatigue
Define muscular strength
Applying force to overcome a resistance
Define muscular endurance
The ability to perform repeated muscular contractions without becoming fatigued
Define body composition
The proportion of body weight which are fat, muscle, bone and internal organs
Define flexibility
The maximum range of movement available at a joint
Name 3 skill-related components of fitness
1.Agility
2.Balance
3.Co-ordination
4.Speed
5.Power
6.Reaction time
Define agility
The ability to change direction quickly and efficiently
Define balance
The ability to keep the body’s centre of mass over the base of support
Define co-ordination
The ability to link and move two or more body parts together smoothly and efficiently
Define speed
Ability to move quickly from one place to another
Define power
Rapid application of force
How is power calculated?
Speed x strength
Define reaction time
From the start of the stimulus to the start of the movement
What does SPORV stand for?
Specificity
Progressive Overload
Reversibility
Variance
How can a coach make training specific
By using the same muscle groups, muscle fibres and energy systems
Define progressive overload
Gradually changing training in order to force a physiological adaptation
Define reversibility
If a performer stops training, then their fitness levels will decrease
Outline the 4 principles of progressive overload
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Define continuous training
Completing a continuous skill for at least 20 minutes
What does continuous training aim to improve?
Cardiovascular endurance
Define interval training
Involves alternating between period of high intensity exercise and short periods of rest
What does interval training aim to improve?
Cardiovascular endurance
Define fartlek training
Involves alternating between periods of high and low intensities on different terrains for 40 minutes
What can weight training be used to develop?
Muscular strength or muscular endurance
What is the purpose of plyometrics?
Cause hypertrophy of the type 2b muscle fibres which increases power
What does plyometric training begin with?
A rapid eccentric contraction
In plyometrics, where do the muscle spindles send a message to?
The central nervous system
What does the central nervous system activate during plyometrics?
A stretch reflex
