PHYSIOLOGY - pain Flashcards
pain response to a stimulus
nociceptive pain
pain response to cell damage/infection
inflammatory pain
pain with no protective function, in response to nerve damage or for no reason
pathological pain
spontaneous pain in response to nerve damage (type of pathological pain)
neuropathic pain
spontaneous pain for no reason (type of pathological pain)
dysfunctional pain
treatment of neuropathic pain
gabapentin
rare genetic condition with no nociceptive pain (pain in response to a harmful stimulus)
congenital insensitivity of pain (CIP)
pathophysiology of congenital insensitivity of pain (CIP)
mutation in Na channels = nocireceptors dont work
presentation of congenital insensitivity of pain (CIP)
easy bruising
bone fractures
joint deformity
premature death likely
why is inflammatory pain good
if site is injured and you move it = painful
so inflammatory pain makes you keep it still = faster healing
treatment of inflammatory pain
ibuprofen (to reduce inflammation)
what type of pain does allodynia occur in
inflammatory pain
allodynia definition
when a stimuli that doesnt usually cause pains does cause pain (eg brush of skin)
why is allodynia good if injured
stops things touching the damaged area = heals faster
what are the stimuli of nociceptive pain
thermal
mechanical
chemical
which type of fibres in nociceptive pain give rise to the ‘first pain’
A(delta) fibres
which type of fibres in nociceptive pain give rise to the ‘second pain’
C fibres
what is the ‘first pain’ in nociceptive pain
prickling
tingling
what is the ‘second pain’ in nociceptive pain
burning
throbbing
cramping
aching
what are the 2 types of C fibres involved in nociceptive pain
afferent C fibres
efferent C fibres
what detects the nociceptive stimuli (2)
efferent C fibre or A(delta) fibre receptors
what happens at the efferent C fibre or A(delta) fibre receptors after the stimuli
Na+/Ca2+ influx = depolarisation = action potential to CNS
after an action potential has been generated at the efferent C fibre or A(delta) fibre receptor, how does the action potential get to the CNS in nociceptive pain
A(delta) fibres
OR
afferent C fibres
where are the afferent C fibres in the CNS
posterior horn of spinal cord
where does the action potential for nociceptive pain end up once in the CNS
thalamus or brainstem
presentation of nociceptive pain
brief, high threshold pain with withdrawal reflex (eg hand on a hot pan)
