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J MSK > Hand conditions > Flashcards

Hand conditions Flashcards

1
Q

dupuytrens contracture common fingers

A

ring and little fingers

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2
Q

what type of deformity is there in dupuytrens contracture

A

fixed flexion deformity

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3
Q

generally, what is the pathophysiology of dupuytrens contracture

A

palmar thickening

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4
Q

proliferation of myofibroblasts causes

A

dupuytrens contracture

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5
Q

which group of people are most likely to get dupuytrans contracture (age and sex)

A

males >60

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6
Q

what 2 conditions predispose someone to getting dupuytrens contracture

A

diabetes

alcoholic cirrhosis

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7
Q

what type of collagen is produced in dupuytrens contracture

A

type 3 (normally type 1)

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8
Q

what is peyronies disease

A

dupuytrens contracture in the penis

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9
Q

where can dupuytrenscontratcure also occur (as weel as the hands)

A

penis

plantar foot

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10
Q

what is dupuytrens contracture in the palmar foot called

A

ledderhose disease

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11
Q

dupuytrens contracture investigation and explanation

A

hueston table top test

try to put hand flat on table, if >30 degrees = needs surgery

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12
Q

likelihood of dupuytrens contracture recurrence

A

likely

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13
Q

tigger finger common fingers

A

middle and ring fingers

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14
Q

inflammation of flexor tendon digit causing nodular enlargement

A

trigger finger

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15
Q

why is nodular enlargement significant in trigger finger

A

catches on A1 pulley in metacarpal neck on flexion = can get stuck there

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16
Q

what 2 things is dequervains tenosynovitis associated with

A

pregnancy

rheumatoid arthritis

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17
Q

aetiology of dequervains tenosynovitis

A

repetitive strain

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18
Q

presentation of dequervains tenosynovitis

A

pain over radial styloid process

red, hot, swollen tendon

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19
Q

investigation for dequervains tenosynovitis

A

finklesteins test

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20
Q

finklesteins test description

A

make a fist with thumb inside, move wrist in ulnar direction, if painful = positive test

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21
Q

dequervains tenosynovitis treatment (4)

A

splint, rest, NSAIDs
physio
steroid injection
surgery - for decompression

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22
Q

infection in nail fold in kids that bite nails

A

paronychia

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23
Q

subungal haematoma

A

collection of blood under nail

24
Q

subungal haematoma treatment (2)

A

nothing

trephine if painful

25
Q

what happens if you do nothing to a subungal haematoma

A

will eventually fall off

26
Q

what is a staved finger clinically known as

A

mallet finger

27
Q

which tendon is affected when you sprain your finger (think about it)

A

extensor tendon

28
Q

aetiology of mallet finger

A

sports injury eg ball

mallet finger is a staved finger!

29
Q

treatment of mallet (staved) finger

A

splint for 4 weeks

30
Q

any carpal dislocation treatment

complication of no treatment

A

emergency surgery

osteoarthritis

31
Q

treatment of finger dislocation (2)

A

local anaesthetic and reduce dislocation

then splint to neighbouring finger asap

32
Q

arthritis type involving MCP and carpals

A

rheumatoid arthritis

33
Q

arthritis type involving PIP, DIP, base of thumb

A

osteoarthritis

34
Q

where do ganglion cysts occur

A

synovial joints eg knee (bakers cyst), wrist

35
Q

what are ganglion cysts filled with

A

mucous/synovial fluid

36
Q

fluid filled cyst at DIP joint
transiluminate
well defined
firm

A

ganglion cyst

37
Q

ganglion cyst treatment (3)

A

leave alone

needle aspirate excision if painful

38
Q

if you leave a ganglion cyst alone, what is likely to happen

A

recurrence

39
Q

flexor tendon sheath infection presentation

A

v v painful, hot and swollen

down arm to index finger

40
Q

treatment of flexor tendon sheath infection

A

surgery to wash out tendon

41
Q

compression of median nerve

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

42
Q

aetiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (3)

A

hand injury
pregnancy
rheumatoid arthritis

43
Q

bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome aetiology

A

rheumatoid arthritis

44
Q

why is pregnancy a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

increased fluid retention = pressure in carpal tunnel

45
Q

early presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pins and needles

46
Q

late presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome (2)

A

weakness in thenar (thumb) muscles

numbness in digits 1-3 and lateral half of 4

47
Q

2 investigations for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

tinnels test

phalens test

48
Q

what is tinnels test

A

for carpal tunnel syndrome

tap wrist for 30 seconds and will feel pins and needles

49
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome treatment

A

steroid injection

surgery - for carpal tunnel decompression

50
Q

most likely group of people for carpal tunnel syndrome (age and sex)

A

females >30

51
Q

compression of ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle at the elbow

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

52
Q

which nerve do you hit when you hit your ‘funny bone’

A

ulnar nerve

53
Q

most likely group of people for cubital tunnel syndrome (age and sex)

A

males >60

54
Q

aetiology of cubital tunnel syndrome (2)

A

tight band of fasica on roof of cubital tunnel
tight intermuscular septum

= ulnar nerve compression

55
Q

early presentation of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

pins and needles

56
Q

late presentation of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

paraesthesia in ulnar 1.5 fingers

weakness of 1st dorsal interosseous and adductor pollicis muscles (thumb muscles)

57
Q

treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

surgery for nerve decompression

J MSK (30 decks)

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