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J MSK > Foot and ankle conditions > Flashcards

Foot and ankle conditions Flashcards

1
Q

position of foot when flat and pointed (like a ballerina)

A

equinus

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2
Q

what is pes planus

A

flat foot

think planus = plantar = plantar surface is flat on groud = flat footed

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3
Q

2 types of flat feet

A

fixed and flexible

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4
Q

which type of flat feet are completely normal and cause no problems

A

flexible flat feet

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5
Q

what is significant about fixed flat feet

A

painful

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6
Q

aetiology of flat feet in adults (not childhood problem)

A

tibialis posterior dysfunction

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7
Q

what is pes cavus

A

high arched foot

think cavus = cave = cave are arched = high arched foot

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8
Q

aetiology of pes cavus (2)

A

idiopathic

neurological

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9
Q

aetiology of UNILATERAL pes cavus (high arched foot) (1)

A

polio

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10
Q

neurological problems associated with pes cavus (high arched foot) (3)

A

polio
spina bifida
cerebral palsy

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11
Q

how can the toes present in pes cavus (high arched foot)

A

clawing of toes

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12
Q

what is plantar fasciitis

A

thickening of plantar fascia

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13
Q

aetiology of plantar fasciitis (3)

A

incorrect footwear
excessive exercise
obesity/diabetes

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14
Q

when is the pain worse is plantar fasciitis

A

when walking after rest

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15
Q

how does plantar fasciitis present (3)

A

pain
swelling
tenderness

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16
Q

treatment of plantar fasciitis (3+1 not)

A 
self limiting over 18-24 months 
physio 
pain relief 
steroid injections
NOT surgery
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17
Q

plantar fasciitis is self limiting, how long does it take to go away

A

18-24 months

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18
Q

whats the common name for hallux valgus

A

bunion

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19
Q

aetiology of hallux valgus (bunion)

A

improper footwear

old age

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20
Q

who are bunions (hallux valgus) most common

A

elderly women (think inappropriate footwear (heels) and old age risk factors)

21
Q

why are the small toes sore in a bunion (hallux valgus)

A

big toe isnt doing its job properly = more pressure on them

22
Q

treatment of bunion (hallux valgus) (4)

A

shoe modification
padding between first 2 toes
pain relief
surgery - last line

23
Q

what is hallux rigidus

A

osteoarthritis of first MTP

24
Q

treatment of hallux rigidus

A

pain relief
appropriate footwear

surgery last line

25
Q

presentation of hallux rigidus

A

lump above 1st MTP (on dorsal surface not medially lime a bunion)

26
Q

which rheumatological condition is bunions associated with

A

rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

mortons neuroma pathophysiology

A

degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near its birufrcation in toe = neuroma forms

28
Q

which group of people are most likely to get a Mortons neuroma

A

young women (think bc of heels)

29
Q

how does mortons neuroma present

A

pain
tingling
loss of sensation in affected toes
pain when squeezing MTP joints

30
Q

treatment of mortons neuroma

A

stretching
appropriate shoes
steroids
surgery

31
Q

aetiology of Achilles tendonitis

A

repetitive stress on tendon and failure of collagen repair

32
Q

what are steroids and ciprofloxacin risk factors for

A

Achilles tendonitis

33
Q

which test is negative in Achilles tendonitis

A

Simmonds test - squeeze gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon should contract (wont in Achilles tendonitis

34
Q

treatment of Achilles tendonitis (5+1 not)

A 
rest short term - to allow repair 
movement long term - to strengthen tendon 
splint 
pain management 
surgery - last resort

NOT steroid injections

35
Q

complications of Achilles tendonitis

A

Achilles tendon rupture

36
Q

positive Simmonds test

A

Achilles tendon rupture

37
Q

treatment of Achilles tendon rupture

A

surgery

38
Q

4 types of toe deformity

A

claw toe
hammer toe
mallet toe
curly toe

39
Q

treatment of toe deformities

A

surgery if painful - tendon transfer or amputation

40
Q

which type of ankle sprain (lateral or medial ligament) is more common

A

lateral ligament

41
Q

what does a lateral ligament ankle sprain cause (inversion or eversion)

A

inversion

42
Q

what does a medial ligament ankle sprain cause (inversion or eversion

A

eversion

43
Q

treatment of ankle sprains (3)

A

RICE - rest, ice, compress, elevated
physio
surgery - last resort

44
Q

do fractures or sprains take longer to heel

A

sprains

45
Q

treatment of ankle dislocation (soft tissue and bone problem)

A

splints

physio

46
Q

high energy fall on foot without fracture

A

subtalar dislocation

47
Q

subtalar dislocation treatment

A

open reduction, cast for 3 weeks

48
Q

subtalar dislocation complication

A

AVN

know this for exams!

49
Q

2nd metatarsal flake fracture

hyper plantar flexed foot

A

tarso-metatarsal dislocation (linsfranc fracture dislocation)

J MSK (30 decks)

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