Paediatric normal lower limb Flashcards
what leg alignment is normal for newborns
varum
what leg alignment is normal for 2.5 year olds
valgus
where is longitudinal bone growth at
by what process
growth plate
enchondral ossification
where is circumflexual bone growth
by what process
periosteum
appositional growth
at what degree does knock kneed/bow legged kids need referral
> 16 degrees (more than 2SDs from mean)
reasons for referral of knock kneed/bow legged kids (4)
> 16 degrees (more than 2SDs)
asymmetrical
painful
short stature in bow legged
pathological aetiology of knock kneed (4)
tumours
rickets
trauma
neurofibromatosis
pathological aetiology of bow legged
tumour rickets trauma skeletal dysplasia (refer if short stature) blounts disease
presentation of blouts disease on xray
beak like protrusion
another name for intoeing
pigeon toed
presentation of intoeing
when is it worse
child walks with feet pointed inwards
worse when running
aetiology of intoeing (3)
femoral neck anteversion
internal tibial torsion
metatarsal adductus
what is femoral neck antervsion
when child sits in a ‘w’ position
treatment of femoral neck anteversion
nothing, will resolve itself
what is internal tibial torsion
tibia rotates inward = inverted feet