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Alimentary System > [Physiology] Liver Structure and Function > Flashcards

[Physiology] Liver Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ in the body

A

liver (1.4kg)

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2
Q

where is the liver located

A

upper right quadrant of abdomen

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3
Q

where is the liver located in relation to the diaphragm

A

tucked against inferior surface of diaphragm

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4
Q

what are the two major lobes of the liver

A

right and left

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5
Q

what are the two minor lobes of the liver

A

caudate and quadrate

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6
Q

what covers the liver

A

connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoneum except for bare area

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7
Q

what is the bare area of the liver

A

small area on diaphragmatic surface surrounded by coronary ligament

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8
Q

what follows the septa throughout the liver

A

connective tissue capsule

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9
Q

what does the septa divide the liver into

A

hexagonal lobules

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10
Q

what is the portal triad

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct

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11
Q

where is the portal triad located

A

at each corner of hexagonal lobule

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12
Q

what else is also located at each corner of hexagonal lobule

A

nerves and lymph nodes

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13
Q

what is at the centre of each liver lobule

A

hepatic veins

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14
Q

where do hepatic veins drain to

A

IVC

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15
Q

where do hepatic cords radiate out from

A

central veins

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16
Q

what are hepatic cords composed of

A

hepatocytes

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17
Q

what are hepatocytes

A

functional cells of the liver

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18
Q

where do bile canaliculus lie

A

between cells within each cord

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19
Q

what are the spaces between hepatic cords

A

hepatic sinusoids (blood channels)

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20
Q

what is the alimentary role of the liver

A

production & secretion of bile

21
Q

what are the components of bile synthesised in the liver

A

Bile acids
Lecithin
Cholesterol

22
Q

what are the six components of bile

A

Bile acids
Lecithin
Cholesterol
Bile Pigments
Toxic Metals
Bicarbonate

23
Q

what are five of the compoents of bile secreted by

A

hepatocytes

24
Q

what component is secreted by duct cells

A

HCO3

25
Q

bile pigments

A

breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes

26
Q

bilirubin

A

(predominant bile pigment) - extracted from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile

27
Q

what is bilirubin also known as

A

yellow bile

28
Q

what is bilirubin modified by

A

bacterial enzymes ⇒ brown pigments
brown faeces

29
Q

Reabsorbed bilirubin excreted in urine

A

yellow urine

30
Q

bile acids

A

Synthesised in liver from cholesterol (0.5g/day)

31
Q

what occur to bile acids prior to secretion

A

bile acids conjugated with glycine or taurine ⇒ Bile Salts (↑ solubility)

32
Q

what happens to secreted bile salts

A

recycled via enterohepatic circulation

33
Q

what is the gall bladder

A

Saclike structure (8 cm long x 4 cm wide) on inferior surface of liver

34
Q

what are the three layers in the gall bladder wall

A

mucosa
muscularis
serosa

35
Q

mucosa

A

(folded ⇒ rugae ⇒ expansion)

36
Q

muscalaris

A

(smooth muscle) ⇒ contraction

37
Q

serosa

A

(connective tissue)

37
Q

sphincter of oddi

A

controls release of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum

38
Q

what happens when sphincter of oddi is contracted

A

bile forced back into gallbladder

39
Q

what does gallbladder do to bile

A

concentrates bile 5-20 times (absorbs Na+ & H2O)

40
Q

what does fat in the duodenum cause

A

release of CCK

41
Q

what occurs when CCK is released

A

(A) Sphincter of Oddi relaxes
(B) Gallbladder contracts

42
Q

what is produced when acid is in duodenum

A

secretin

43
Q

what does secretin cause

A

↓ Gastric acid secretion
↓ Gastric emptying
↑ Duodenal HCO3 secretion
↑ Pancreatic HCO3 secretion
↑ Bile duct HCO3 secretion

44
Q

what does secretin result in

A

acid neutralisation

45
Q

what does fat/amino acids in duodenum cause to be released

A

CCK

46
Q

what does CCK result in

A

↓ Gastric emptying
↑ Pancreatic enzyme secretion
Gallbladder contraction
Relaxation of Sphincter of Oddi

47
Q

what is the end goal of CCK

A

digestion

Alimentary System (44 decks)

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