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Alimentary System > Gastrointestinal Tract (Alimentary or Digestive System) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract (Alimentary or Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

appendix

A

Blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue

position variable (most common - retrocecal)

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2
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

A

Left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery

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3
Q

characteristics of ileum

A

pale pink

thin/light

less vascularity

short vasa recta

many short arcades loops

many lymphoid nodules

more mesentary fat

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4
Q

characteristics of jejunum

A

deep red

thick/heavy

greater vascularity

long vasa recta

few large arcades loops

few lypmhoid nodules

less mesentary fat

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5
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

inflammatory erosions of the duodenal wall (mostly 1st part)

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6
Q

duodenum

A

shortest, widest, most fixed part of small intestine

receives bile duct and pancreatic duct

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7
Q

foregut structures

A

primordial pharynx and its derivatives

lower respiratory system

esophagus and stomach

duodenum

liver, billary apparatus and pancreas

artery of the foregut

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8
Q

formation of the portal vein

A

Union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein

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9
Q

function of billary ducts

A

carry bile from liver to gall bladder

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10
Q

hepatic artery

A

supplies liver and gall bladder

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11
Q

hindgut blood supply

A

inferior messenteric artery

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12
Q

hindgut structures

A

Left one-third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

Epithelium of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra

Inferior Mesenteric artery – Artery of hindgut

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13
Q

how many constrictions does the esophagus have

A

muscular tube (25cm)
3 constrictions

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14
Q

large intestine characteristics

A

omental appedices

haustra / sacculations

teniae coli

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15
Q

lateral aortic lumbar nodes

A

Drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches

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16
Q

location of portal vein

A

Behind the neck of pancreas (L 2 vertebral level)

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17
Q

lymphatic drainage of GI tract / abdomen

A

thoracic duct

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18
Q

macburneys point

A

Site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicities

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19
Q

main branches of superior mesenteric artery

A

jejunal and ileal arteries

(other branches (middle colic, right colic, iliocolic))

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20
Q

midgut structures

A

small intestine (most of duodenum)

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the right half to two-thirds of the transverse colon

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21
Q

omental appedices

A

small fatty peritoneal like projections

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22
Q

origin of superior mesentary artery

A

branch of abdominal aorta L1

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23
Q

parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 & S4)

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24
Q

portal vein

A

Transport venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gall bladder and abdominal part of the GI tract

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25
Q

pre aortic lumbar nodes

A

(coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) – Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta

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26
Q

retroperitoneum

A

anatomical space located behind the abdominal or peritoneal cavity

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27
Q

retro aortic lumbar nodes

A

drains the posterior abdominal wall

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28
Q

sites of portocaval shunts

A

anorectal junction

gastroesophageal junction

umbilicus

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29
Q

splenic artery

A

Runs retroperitoneally along the superior (upper) margin of the pancreas

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30
Q

stomach bed

A

Diaphragm, spleen,left kidney,adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon

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31
Q

sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

T5-L2 or L3

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
(greater – T5-T9, lesser-T10-T11 and least –T12)

Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia

Abdominal aortic plexus

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32
Q

teniae coli

A

thicked bands of smooth muscle

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33
Q

terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery

A

superior rectal artery

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34
Q

venous enlargements during portal obstruction

A

haemorrhoids, esophageal varices, caput medusae

35
Q

what are the exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas

A

exocrine - pancreatic juice
endocrine - insulin and glucagon

36
Q

what are the three branches of the celiac trunk

A

left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery

37
Q

what are the three esophageal constrictions

A

cervical pharyngo-esophageal

thoracic [broncho-aortic] (crossed by aortic arch, 22.5cm) (left main bronchus, 27.5cm)

diaphragmatic (passes through oesophageal hiatus)

38
Q

what are the three terminal groups of lumbar nodes

A

pre aortic
lateral aortic
retro aortic

39
Q

what is the artery of the foregut

A

celiac trunk

40
Q

what is the midgut blood supply

A

superior mesenteric artery

41
Q

what is the primordial gut tube derived from

A

endoderm lining the yolk sac

42
Q

what is the primordial gut tube divided into

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

43
Q

when does the primordial gut tube develop

A

4th week

44
Q

where does left gastric artery lie

A

along lesser curvature of the stomach

45
Q

where does the cystic artery lie

A

triangle of calot

46
Q

where does the pancreas lie

A

L1/L2

47
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

48
Q

where is bile stored and concentrated

A

gall bladder (up to 50ml bile)

49
Q

where is the portal vein formed

A

behind the neck of the pancreas

(pancreas split into head, neck, body and tail)

50
Q

at what week of human development does primordial gut tube form

A

4th week

51
Q

where is primordial gut tube derived from

A

the endoderm lining the yolk sac

52
Q

descriptively what is the primordial gut tube divided into

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

53
Q

what are the structures of the foregut

A

primordial pharynx and its derivatives

Lower respiratory system

Esophagus and stomach

Duodenum – Proximal to the opening of bile duct

Liver, biliary apparatus (hepatic ducts, gall bladder, and bile duct), and pancreas

54
Q

what is the artery of the foregut

A

celliac trunk

55
Q

Name the three constrictions of the esophagus

A

cervical, thoracic, diaphragmatic

56
Q

cervical (pharyngo-esophageal)

A

15cm from incisor teeth

57
Q

thoracic (broncho-aortic)

A

crossed by;
aortic arch 22.5cm
left main bronchus 27.5cm

58
Q

diaphragmatic

A

passes through oesophageal hiatus of diaphragm
40cm

59
Q

why is it good to be aware of esophagus constrictions

A

when passing instruments through esophagus

60
Q

what are the parts of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part

lesser and greater curvature

61
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Control discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

62
Q

Stomach Bed

A

Diaphragm, spleen,left kidney,adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon

63
Q

what is the role of billary ducts

A

carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder

64
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

65
Q

where is bile stored and concentrated

A

gall bladder

(up to 50ml)

66
Q

what is the main artery of the gall bladder

A

cystic artery

67
Q

where does the cystic artery lie

A

triangle of calot

68
Q

where is the triangle of calot

A

between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver

69
Q

where does the superior mesenteric artery originate

A

branch of abdominal aorta L1

relations: jejunal/ileal arteries

70
Q

what are the main branches of superior mesenteric artery

A

jejunal and ileal arteries

other: middle colic/right colic/iliocolic

71
Q

large intestine characteristics

A

Omental appedices – small, fatty, peritoneal like
projections

Haustra or sacculations

Teniae coli – Thickened bands of smooth muscle
(longitudinal layer)

72
Q

hindgut blood supply

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

73
Q

origin of inferior mesenteric artery

A

Anterior branch of abdominal aorta (L3)

Branches: Left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery

74
Q

what is the terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery

A

Superior rectal artery

75
Q

role of the portal vein

A

to transport venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gall bladder and abdominal part of the GI tract

76
Q

how is the portal vein formed

A

by union of splenic vein with superior mesenteric vein

77
Q

location of portal vein

A

Behind the neck of pancreas (L 2 vertebral level)

78
Q

sites of Portocaval shunts

A

Anorectal junction

Gastroesophageal junction

At the umbilicus

79
Q

Venous enlargements (Varices) during portal obstruction

A

Haemorrhoids

Esophageal varices

Caput medusae

80
Q

what receives most of the lymph from abdominal wall and abdominal organs

A

thoracic duct

81
Q

what are the three terminal groups lumbar nodes include

A

pre aortic

lateral aortic

retro aortic

82
Q

pre aortic lumbar nodes

A

(coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) – Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta

83
Q

lateral aortic

A

Drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches

84
Q

retro aortic

A

drains the posterior abdominal wall

Alimentary System (44 decks)

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