Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alimentary System > Pathology of Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Pathology of Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are symptoms commonly associated with diseases of the upper GI tract

A

Diseases of upper GI tract which cause upper abdominal or retrosternal discomfort or pain or “indigestion”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are five pathologies of the upper GI tract

A

Oesophageal reflux
Oesophageal cancer
Gastritis
Peptic ulceration
Gastric cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what pathologies are associated with oesophageal reflux

A

Reflux of gastric acid into oesophagus
Hiatus hernia

Thickening of squamous epithelium

Ulceration of oesophageal epithelium when severe reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are the squamous cells of the oesophagous keratinised or non keratinised

A

non keratinised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are complications of oesophageal reflux

A

Healing by fibrosis

Barrett’s oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the issues of healing by fibrosis in the oesophagous

A

Stricture formation

Impaired oesophageal motility

Oesophageal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Barrets oesophagus

A

the cells of the lining can become abnormal [squamous epithelium turns to glandular epithelium] and there’s a small risk of cancer developing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is barrets oesophagus a pre malignent condition

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is osophageal cancer a common type of cancer

A

third most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two histological types of osophageal cancer

A

squamous carcinoma

adenocarcinoma [develops from barretts oesophagous]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are ridk factors for squamous carcinoma osophageal cancer

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Dietary carcinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are ridk factors for adenocarcinoma osophageal cancer

A

Barrett’s metaplasia
Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the local effects of oesophageal cancer

A

Obstruction
Ulceration
Perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can osophageal cancer spread

A

directly
lymphatically
blood spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the prognosis of osophageal cancer

A

Very poor
5 year survival rate less than 15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the pathologies of gastritis

A

Autoimmune (type A)
Bacterial (type B)
Chemical injury (type C)

17
Q

autoimmune gastritis

A

Organ-specific autoimmune disease

Autoantibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor

Associated with other autoimmune diseases

18
Q

what pathologies are associated with autimmune gastritis

A

Atrophy of specialised acid secreting gastric epithelium

Loss of specialised gastric epithelial cells

19
Q

what effect does Loss of specialised gastric epithelial cells

A

Decreased acid secretion
Loss of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anaemia)

20
Q

bacterial gastritis

A

Commonest type of gastritis
Helicobacter pylori related

21
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Gram negative bacterium
Found in gastric mucus on surface of gastric epithelium
Produces acute and chronic inflammatory response
Increased acid production

22
Q

chemical gastritis cause

A

Drugs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause
Alcohol
Bile reflux

23
Q

peptic ulceration

A

Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal barrier

24
Q

what does peptic ulceration efect

A

Lower oesophagus
Body and antrum of stomach
First and second parts of duodenum

25
Q

what is peptic ulceration most commonly associated with

A

H. pylori associated
Increased gastric acid

26
Q

what are complications of peptic ulceration

A

Bleeding
Acute = haemorrhage
Chronic = anaemia

Perforation
Peritonitis

Healing by fibrosis
Obstruction

27
Q

is gastric cancer common

A

Second commonest cancer of alimentary tract

28
Q

how does gastric cancer develop

A

through phases of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia

29
Q

what is gastric cancer associated with

A

previous H.pylori infection

30
Q

histologicallt what would you find with gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

31
Q

prognosis of stomach cancer

A

Very poor
5 year survival rate less than 20%

32
Q

how can stomach cancer spread

A

Direct
Spread to surrounding tissues

Lymphatic
Spread to regional lymph nodes

Blood spread
Liver

Transcoelomic spread
Spread within peritoneal cavity

Alimentary System (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions