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Alimentary System > [Physiology] Gastric motility and pancreatic function > Flashcards

[Physiology] Gastric motility and pancreatic function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different parts of the stomach

A

body and antrum

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2
Q

role of the body of the stomach

A

Thin muscle ⇒ weak contraction
⇒ No mixing

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3
Q

role of the antrum of the stomach

A

Thick muscle ⇒ powerful contraction

Mixing

Contraction of pyloric sphincter ⇒

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4
Q

what happens on contraction of pyloric sphincter

A

just prior to closing a small quantity of gastric content (chyme) entering duodenum

Further mixing as antral contents forced back towards body

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5
Q

Peristaltic rhythm

A

(~3/min) generated by pacemaker cells (longitudinal muscle layer)

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6
Q

Slow waves

A

spontaneous depolarisation/repolarisation

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7
Q

slow wave rhythm

A

basic electrical rhythm (BER)

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8
Q

where are slow waves conducted

A

through gap junctions along longitudinal muscle layer

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9
Q

Slow wave depolarisation sub-threshold

A

require further depolarisation to induce action potentials ⇒ contraction

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10
Q

what does the number of APs/wave determine

A

strength of contraction

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11
Q

what effect does gastrin have on contraction

A

increases contraction

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12
Q

Distension of stomach wall

A

long/short reflexes ⇒ increased contraction

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13
Q

Fat/acid/amino acid/hypertonicity in duodenum

A

inhibition of motility

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14
Q

how is acid neutralised in duodenum

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3) secretion from Brunner’s Gland duct cells (submucosal glands)

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15
Q

what does acid in duodenum trigger

A

Long (vagal) & short (ENS) reflexes  HCO3 secretion

Release of secretin from S cells  HCO3 secretion

Secretin  also HCO3 secretion from pancreas & liver and therefore into dudeonum from pancreatic duct and bile duct
Acid neutralisation

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16
Q

what does neutralisation of acid do to secretin release

A

inhibits secretin release from s cells(negative feedback control)

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17
Q

what are the three parts of the pancreas

A

Head (located within curvature of duodenum), body, tail (extends to spleen)

Endocrine portion

Exocrine portion

18
Q

Head

A

(located within curvature of duodenum), body, tail (extends to spleen)

19
Q

Endocrine portion

A

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans): islet cells produce insulin, glucagon (control [glucose]blood ) and somatostatin (controls secretion of insulin and glucagon)

20
Q

Exocrine portion

A

acinar cells  lobules

21
Q

lobule transportation

A

Lobules connected by intercalated ducts  intralobular ducts  interlobular ducts  main pancreatic duct  common bile duct  hepatopancreatic ampulla (Sphincter of Oddi)  duodenum

22
Q

exocrine pancreas role

A

digestive function of pancreas

23
Q

Anatomical Structure of exocrine pancreas

A

Acini Ducts Pancreatic Duct

24
Q

Function duct cells

A

Secretion of bicarbonate by duct cells
Secretion of digestive enzymes by acinar cells

25
Q

what do Acinar cells contain

A

digestive enzymes stored as inactive zymogen granules

26
Q

what do zymogens prevent

A

autodigestion of pancreas

27
Q
A
28
Q

Enterokinase

A

(bound to brush border of duodenal enterocytes) converts trypsinogen to active trypsin

29
Q

Trypsin

A

converts all other zymogens to active forms

30
Q

Proteases

A

Cleave peptide bonds (stomach acid hydrolyss=is) everywhere else hydrolysis

31
Q

Nucleases

A

Hydrolyse DNA/RNA

32
Q

Elastases

A

Collagen digestion

33
Q

Lipases

A

Triglycerides to fatty acids+ glycerol

34
Q

α-Amylase

A

Starch to maltose + glucose

35
Q

Phospholipases

A

Phospholipids to fatty acids

36
Q

Bicarbonate secretion

A

stimulated by secretin

37
Q

Secretin

A

released in response to acid in duodenum

38
Q

Zymogen

A

secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK)

39
Q

CCK

A

released in response to fat/amino acids in duodenum

Also under neural control (vagal/local reflexes) - triggered by arrival of organic nutrients in duodenum

40
Q
A

Alimentary System (44 decks)

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