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GI- WK 1-3 > Physiology: Feeding & Satiety > Flashcards

Physiology: Feeding & Satiety Flashcards

1
Q

What are some conditions closely related to obesity?

A
  1. Metabolic syndrome
  2. Type 2 Diabetes
  3. CVD
  4. Stroke
  5. Dyslipidaemia
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2
Q

How is BMI measured?

A

Weight (Kg)/ Height (m)

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3
Q

How much does a persons BMI need to be to be obese?

A

Over 30

Over 40 - Morbidly obese

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4
Q

What are the two Greatest factors that contribute to obesity?

A
  • Sedentary lifestyle

- High fat diet.

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5
Q

What are two non modifiable risk factors for Obesity?

A

Genetics

Environment

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6
Q

Why is obesity known as a disease of the brain?

A

Long term obesity induces brain re-programming
Brain sees putting on weight as normal
Any forms of dieting/cutting down seen as abnormal.

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7
Q

Which part of the brain deals with energy balance and body weight?

A

Hypothalamus.

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8
Q

How does the CNS influence energy intake and weight? (3)

A
  1. Behaviour- feeding/physical activity
  2. ANS stimulation- regulate energy expenditure
  3. Neuroendocrine system- secrets hormones
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9
Q

Which 3 factors underline the control system?

A
  1. Satiety
  2. Adiposity negative feedback signalling
  3. Food reward
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10
Q

What is satiation?

A

The sensation of fullness generated during a meal

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11
Q

What is Satiety?

A

Period of time in-between two meals

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12
Q

What is adiposity?

A

State of obesity

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13
Q

What happens to Satiation signals during a meal? Why?

A

Increases. Limit meal size.

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14
Q

Which 5 Hormones carry out satiation?

A
  1. Cholecystokinin
  2. Peptide YY
  3. Glucagon-like peptide 1
  4. Oxyntomodulin
  5. Obestatin
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15
Q

What is Cholecystokinin released in proportion to?

A

Lipids and protein content of the meal

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16
Q

When is Peptide YY released? What does it do?

A

Post meal.

  1. Inhibits gastric motility
  2. Slows emptying
  3. Reduces food intake.
17
Q

What is the role of Glucagon like peptide 1? (2)

A
  1. Inhibits gastric emptying

2. Reduces food intake

18
Q

What is the effect of Oxyntomodulin?

A

Suppresses apetite

19
Q

What is the effect of obestatin?

A

Reduces food intake. may suppress ghrelin

20
Q

What is the function of Ghrelin? (2)

A

Hunger signal

Stimulates food intake.
Reduces fat utilisation

21
Q

What is the main role of the feedback loop?

A

Maintains constancy of body energy stores

22
Q

What are the effects of Glutamate, gaba and opiods?

A

Increase food intake

23
Q

Effect of monoamines?

A

Suppress food intake

24
Q

Which two hormones report fat status to the brain? (adiposity signals)

A
  1. Leptin

2. Insulin

25
Q

What is the effect of these hormones on the brain?

A

Instructs brain to alter energy balance

  • Eat less
  • burn more energy.

Obesity- malfunction of above process

26
Q

What do levels of insulin in the body depend on?

A

Proportionate to body adiposity

27
Q

What does intra-cerebro-ventricular insulin do?

A

Inhibits food intake

Decrease body weight

28
Q

What is food reward?

A

Pleasure gained from eating food

29
Q

What does food reward stimulate in the brain?

A

Stimulates dopamine pathways.

Common pathway in drug/substance abuse

30
Q

What is the main treatment for people who have genetic leptin malfunction?

A

Leptin therapy. Injections. Does work.

31
Q

Why cant leptin therapy be used in most obese (diet driven) patients?

A

Obese patients develop Leptin resistance

32
Q

What is the main drug used for obesity now?

A

Orlistat

33
Q

What is the pharmacological effect of Orlistat? (2)

A
  • Inhibits pancreatic lipase, reducing triglyceride absorption
  • Reduces efficiency of fat absorption into small intestine?
34
Q

What are the two major side effects of Orlistat?

A

Cramping

Severe diarrhoea

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Contrave

A

Combo of

  1. Dopamine re-uptake inhibitor
  2. Opioid antagonist
36
Q

What is the mechanism of Liraglutaide?

A

GLP1 receptor agonist

37
Q

Is bariatric surgery effective treatment?

A

Yes

  1. Produces substantial weight loss
  2. Can permanently reverse Type 2 diabetes
38
Q

How does DNP work?

A

Causes rapid fat loss by dramatically increasing body temp and metabolic rate.

GI- WK 1-3 (25 decks)

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