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GI- WK 1-3 > GI Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

GI Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The GI tract is a continuos tube running from the _ to the _

A

Oral cavity to Anus

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2
Q

What is the lining of the GI tract covered by?

A

Mucosa

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3
Q

What content of the GI tract are found in the Pelvis? (2)

A
  • Rectum - Anal canal
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4
Q

Roles of pharynx? (3)

A
  1. Defence against infections 2. Swallowing 3. Airway protection
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5
Q

What are the contents of the Upper GI? (5)

A
  1. Oral cavity 2. Pharynx (oro + laryngo) 3. Oesophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine
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6
Q

What are the contents of the Lower GI? (6)

A
  1. Caecum 2. Appendix 3. Colon All of above = Large intestine 4. Rectum 5. Anal canal 6. Anus
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7
Q

Which point of the jaw controls Jaw opening/closing?

A

TMJ- Temperomandibular joint

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8
Q

Which muscles control the TMJ?

A

Muscles of mastication. 4 at each TMJ

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9
Q

The muscles of mastication are supplied by which division of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular Division- CN V 3

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10
Q

Which of the 3 muscles of mastication cause the jaw to close

A
  1. Temporalis 2. Masseter 3. Medial Pterygoid
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11
Q

What muscle prevents dribbling when chewing or swallowing?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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12
Q

Which layer lines the oral cavity? What type of epithelial cells are found there?

A

Mucosa Stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Which structures in the oral cavity have keratin present in them?

A
  1. Gingivae 2. Hard palate
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14
Q

What sensations can the oral cavity feel?

A
  1. General- pain, touch, temp, 2. Specialised- taste
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15
Q

What is the division of the Facial nerve supplying the Tongue known as? What is its function?

A

Chorda tympani- connects with the linguinal nerve branch of CN V3.

Parasympathetic- Taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

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16
Q

The Facial nerve also supplies which of the salivary glands?

What is the other salivary gland innervated by?

A

Submandibular and Sublingual

Parotid- Glossopharyngeal.

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17
Q

The oral cavity can be divided into the superior and inferior halves. Describe the innervation to each part

A

Superior - CN V 2

Inferior- CN V 3

18
Q

What nerves stimulate the gag refex? (Sensory and Motor part)

A

Sensory - IX

Motor- IX AND X

19
Q

What kind of muscle is found in the tongue? What type of layer is it covered in?

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic- Skeletal

Intrinsic- Modifies shape of tongue

Extrinsic- helps move the tongue

20
Q

The presence of 4 different types of _ gives the tongue a _ appearance.(texture)

A

Papilla, Rough Papilla- give surface texture which aids food movement

21
Q

What are the 3 types of papillae associated with taste buds?

A
  1. Foliate 2. Vallate 3. Fungiform

Filliform- associated with touch temperature etc

22
Q

What is the other (4th) type of papillae associated with touch, temperature?

A

Filiform papillae

23
Q

The tongue consists of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. What are their functions?

A
  1. Extrinsic- Moves tongue around 2. Intrinsic- Changes shape of tongue. 4 pairs of each type= 8 pairs of muscle total
24
Q

What is the role of the buccinator?

A

Manipulates food to position it between the biting surface of the teeth.

25
Q

What is occlusion

A

Bite- the way the upper and lower dental arches fit together

26
Q

Changes to what can affect the occlusion?

A

Changes to angle or body of - Mandible - Maxilla

27
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands and their locations?

A
  1. Parotid- near ear 2. Submandibular- under mandible 3. Sublingual- under tongue
28
Q

What routes are taken by each of the glands to deliver saliva to the oral cavity?

A
  1. Parotid- via upper 2nd molar
  2. Submandibular- via lingual caruncle
  3. Sublingual- several ducts that travel superiorly. Duct clogging/blockage= swelling
29
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Muscular tube lined with mucosa?

30
Q

Three parts of pharynx?

A

Naso, Oro, Laryngopharynx

31
Q

What part of the oro and nasopharynx provides defence against infection?

A

Waldeyer Tonsillar rings (3 rings)

32
Q

What are the two basic types of muscle found in the pharynx?

A
  • Outer Circular - Inner longitudinal
33
Q

What kind of muscle is found in the pharynx?

34
Q

What are three division of the Outer circular muscles?

A

Superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

35
Q

Function of the outer circular muscles?

A

Pushes bolus down towards oesophagus

36
Q

What are the inner longitudinal muscles called?

A

Stylopharyngeus. 3 Pairs

37
Q

Functions of inner longitudinal muscles?

A

Pulls larynx superior, Shortens pharynx when swallowing

38
Q

What action of the larynx reduced the risk of pulmonary aspiration? (food going into larynx then trachea)

A

Larynx pushes upwards

39
Q

What will be stimulated if food does go into the larynx?

A

Cough reflex

40
Q

Main function of oesophagus?

A

Transmit food from pharynx to stomach

41
Q

What type of muscles are found in the oesophagus?

A

Initially skeletal, transmits to Smooth muscle

GI- WK 1-3 (25 decks)

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