GI Anatomy 1

Question 1

The GI tract is a continuos tube running from the _ to the _

Answer 1

Oral cavity to Anus

Question 2

What is the lining of the GI tract covered by?

Answer 2

Mucosa

Question 3

What content of the GI tract are found in the Pelvis? (2)

Answer 3

• Rectum - Anal canal

Question 4

Roles of pharynx? (3)

Answer 4

1. Defence against infections 2. Swallowing 3. Airway protection

Question 5

What are the contents of the Upper GI? (5)

Answer 5

1. Oral cavity 2. Pharynx (oro + laryngo) 3. Oesophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine

Question 6

What are the contents of the Lower GI? (6)

Answer 6

1. Caecum 2. Appendix 3. Colon All of above = Large intestine 4. Rectum 5. Anal canal 6. Anus

Question 7

Which point of the jaw controls Jaw opening/closing?

Answer 7

TMJ- Temperomandibular joint

Question 8

Which muscles control the TMJ?

Answer 8

Muscles of mastication. 4 at each TMJ

Question 9

The muscles of mastication are supplied by which division of the Trigeminal nerve?

Answer 9

Mandibular Division- CN V 3

Question 10

Which of the 3 muscles of mastication cause the jaw to close

Answer 10

1. Temporalis 2. Masseter 3. Medial Pterygoid

Question 11

What muscle prevents dribbling when chewing or swallowing?

Answer 11

Orbicularis Oris

Question 12

Which layer lines the oral cavity? What type of epithelial cells are found there?

Answer 12

Mucosa Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 13

Which structures in the oral cavity have keratin present in them?

Answer 13

1. Gingivae 2. Hard palate

Question 14

What sensations can the oral cavity feel?

Answer 14

1. General- pain, touch, temp, 2. Specialised- taste

Question 15

What is the division of the Facial nerve supplying the Tongue known as? What is its function?

Answer 15

Chorda tympani- connects with the linguinal nerve branch of CN V3.

Parasympathetic- Taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Question 16

The Facial nerve also supplies which of the salivary glands?

What is the other salivary gland innervated by?

Answer 16

Submandibular and Sublingual

Parotid- Glossopharyngeal.

Question 17

The oral cavity can be divided into the superior and inferior halves. Describe the innervation to each part

Answer 17

Superior - CN V 2

Inferior- CN V 3

Question 18

What nerves stimulate the gag refex? (Sensory and Motor part)

Answer 18

Sensory - IX

Motor- IX AND X

Question 19

What kind of muscle is found in the tongue? What type of layer is it covered in?

Answer 19

Intrinsic and Extrinsic- Skeletal

Intrinsic- Modifies shape of tongue

Extrinsic- helps move the tongue

Question 20

The presence of 4 different types of _ gives the tongue a _ appearance.(texture)

Answer 20

Papilla, Rough Papilla- give surface texture which aids food movement

Question 21

What are the 3 types of papillae associated with taste buds?

Answer 21

1. Foliate 2. Vallate 3. Fungiform

Filliform- associated with touch temperature etc

Question 22

What is the other (4th) type of papillae associated with touch, temperature?

Answer 22

Filiform papillae

Question 23

The tongue consists of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. What are their functions?

Answer 23

1. Extrinsic- Moves tongue around 2. Intrinsic- Changes shape of tongue. 4 pairs of each type= 8 pairs of muscle total

Question 24

What is the role of the buccinator?

Answer 24

Manipulates food to position it between the biting surface of the teeth.

Question 25

What is occlusion

Answer 25

Bite- the way the upper and lower dental arches fit together

Question 26

Changes to what can affect the occlusion?

Answer 26

Changes to angle or body of - Mandible - Maxilla

Question 27

What are the 3 major salivary glands and their locations?

Answer 27

1. Parotid- near ear 2. Submandibular- under mandible 3. Sublingual- under tongue

Question 28

What routes are taken by each of the glands to deliver saliva to the oral cavity?

Answer 28

1. Parotid- via upper 2nd molar
2. Submandibular- via lingual caruncle
3. Sublingual- several ducts that travel superiorly. Duct clogging/blockage= swelling

Question 29

What is the pharynx?

Answer 29

Muscular tube lined with mucosa?

Question 30

Three parts of pharynx?

Answer 30

Naso, Oro, Laryngopharynx

Question 31

What part of the oro and nasopharynx provides defence against infection?

Answer 31

Waldeyer Tonsillar rings (3 rings)

Question 32

What are the two basic types of muscle found in the pharynx?

Answer 32

• Outer Circular - Inner longitudinal

Question 33

What kind of muscle is found in the pharynx?

Answer 33

Skeletal

Question 34

What are three division of the Outer circular muscles?

Answer 34

Superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 35

Function of the outer circular muscles?

Answer 35

Pushes bolus down towards oesophagus

Question 36

What are the inner longitudinal muscles called?

Answer 36

Stylopharyngeus. 3 Pairs

Question 37

Functions of inner longitudinal muscles?

Answer 37

Pulls larynx superior, Shortens pharynx when swallowing

Question 38

What action of the larynx reduced the risk of pulmonary aspiration? (food going into larynx then trachea)

Answer 38

Larynx pushes upwards

Question 39

What will be stimulated if food does go into the larynx?

Answer 39

Cough reflex

Question 40

Main function of oesophagus?

Answer 40

Transmit food from pharynx to stomach

Question 41

What type of muscles are found in the oesophagus?

Answer 41

Initially skeletal, transmits to Smooth muscle