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GI- WK 1-3 > GI anatomy 2 > Flashcards

GI anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve/s are the muscles of mastication supplied by?

A

Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve= CN5 V3

V3- Mandibular divison

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2
Q

Which of the muscles of mastication are used to close the mouth?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial Pterygoid
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3
Q

Which muscle of mastication is used to open the mouth?

A

Lateral Pterygoid

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4
Q

Where does the Trigeminal nerve originate? (CNS part)

A

Pons

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5
Q

Where is the intracranial part of the trigeminal course?

A

inferior to edge of Tentorium cerebelli

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6
Q

Where is the base of the foramen part of the trigeminal course?

A

Sphenoid bone

Foramen ovale

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7
Q

Where is the extra cranial part of the trigeminal course?

A

From foramen ovale to part of the body supplied

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8
Q

Why are loose teeth or parts are a risk?

A

Choking hazard, aspiration risk

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9
Q

What is aspiration? Why is it dangerous?

A

Inhalation of liquid or solid matter into lungs. Potential infection

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10
Q

Which part of the CNS does the facial nerve come from?

A

Junction between pons and medulla

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11
Q

Where is the intracranial part of the facial nerve

A

internal acoustic meatus (in posterior cranial fossa)

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12
Q

Where is the base of the foramen part of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal bone

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13
Q

Where is the extra cranial part of the facial nerve?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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14
Q

Facial nerve cranial number?

A

VII

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15
Q

What is the Chorda Tympani? What is its function?

A

Branch of facial nerve- connects to the lingual nerve (branch of trigeminal)

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16
Q

Why is the innervation of the Chorda Tympani significant?

A

Gives taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue.

Parasympathetics

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17
Q

Other functions of facial nerve? (3)

A
  1. Supplies muscle of facial expression
  2. Supplies sublingual salivary gland
  3. Parasympathetics supply submandibular salivary gland
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18
Q

Which parts of the upper and lower oral cavity are sensitive to touch? Which nerve innervate them?

A
  1. Superior half- Gingiva, hard palate. CN V2

2. Inferior half- Gingiva, floor of mouth. CN V3

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19
Q

Which part of the oral cavity is very sensitive to touch?

A

Posterior wall of oropharynx

20
Q

What is the gag reflex?

A

Protective reflex that prevents foreign bodies entering the Larynx or pharynx

21
Q

Which CN is the sensory part of the gag reflex carried out by?

A

CN IX

22
Q

Which CN is the motor part of the gag reflex carried out by?

A

CN IX,X

23
Q

What is the reflex of the posterior oropharynx to touch?

A

Constriction of the oropharynx. Body closes it off to contact

24
Q

Using an endoscope can cause these areas to come into contact? How is this dealt with?

A

Local anaesthesia blocks sensory AP’s of CN V2,V3 CN VII, IX

25
Q

What is CN V2?

A

Maxilliary division of the trigeminal nerve

26
Q

Course of this division is same as V3 except in which two areas?

A
  1. Base of skull foramen- sphenoid bone
    Foramen Rotundum
  2. Extracranial part- from foramen rotudum to part supplied
27
Q

Which nerve is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

28
Q

What is the course of CN IX in terms of:

  • CNS origin
  • Intracranial part
  • Base of skull foramen
  • Extracranial part?
A
  1. Medulla
  2. Jugular Foramen (in posterior cranial fossa)
  3. Jugular foramen- junction between temporal and occipital bone
  4. Posterior wall of oropharynx
    Parasympathetic stimulation- parotid
29
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles (intrinsic/extrinsic) of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

30
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue? (glossus)

A
  1. Styloglossus
  2. Palatoglossus
  3. Hyoglossus
  4. Genioglossus
31
Q

Which of the 4 is the only muscle not to be supplied by CN XII?

A

Palatoglossus

32
Q

What is the course of the hypoglossal nerve?

A
  1. CNS part- medulla
  2. Base of skull foramen- occipital bone
  3. Extra-cranial part- most muscles of tongue
33
Q

The contraction of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx are sequential. T/F?

A

True

34
Q

Which CN innervates the Circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X- Vagus

35
Q

Which CN supplies the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X, XI

36
Q

Which muscle and which CN closes the lips to prevent drooling?

A

Orbicularis Oris and CN VII

37
Q

Which CN causes the tongue to push the bolus down posteriorly to the oropharynx?

A

CN XII- Hypoglossal

38
Q

Which CN causes the constrictor muscles of the pharynx to contract to push bolus down to oesophagus?

A

CN X

39
Q

Which CN innverates the inner longitudinal muscles to raise the larynx, shorten the pharynx and close the laryngeal inlet preventing aspiration?

A

CN IX,X

40
Q

What vertebral level does the oesophagus begin?

A

Vertebral level C6- Circopharyngeus muscle

41
Q

What is the mechanical difference between the two oesophageal sphincters?

A
  1. Upper- anatomical

2. Lower- physiological

42
Q

Function of oesophageal plexus?

A

Innervates muscles of the oesophageal wall

43
Q

What are three anatomical points of contact of the oesophagus?

A
  1. Root of neck- posterior to trachea
  2. Chest- posterior to heart. in contact with Left Atrium
  3. In abdomen- through diaphragm, connects with stomach
44
Q

role of lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

Prevents reflux

45
Q

What 3 regions does the stomach cover?

A
  1. Left hypochodrium
  2. Epigastric
  3. Umbilical
46
Q

At which point of the stomach does oesophageal emptying take place?

A

Cardia

47
Q

Structure lying just in front of the pyloric sphincter?

A

Pyloric Antrum

GI- WK 1-3 (25 decks)

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