Clinical anatomy of Jaundice: part 2 Flashcards
The biliary tree is made up of a number of ducts.
The right & left hepatic ducts unite to form the _ duct
Common hepatic
Common hepatic duct unites with the _ duct to form the bile duct
Cystic
The duodenum has 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, ascending. Which part is partly intraperitoneal and contains the duodenal cap?
Superior
Duodenal cap- mobile
The duodenum begins at the _ sphincter and ends at the _ flexure
Pyloric & duodenojejunal
Pain from duodenal ulcer presents in _ region
Epigastric
The pancreas is an intraperitoneal organ. T/F?
False- Retro
Posterior structures of the pancreas?
- kidney
- IVC
- Bile duct
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Adrenal gland
- Abdominal aorta
Anterior to the pancreas lies the _
_ surrounds the head of the pancreas.
The splencic nerves are _ to the pancreas
Stomach
Duodenum
Supero-posterior
CT of abdomen
What are the functions of exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas?
- Exocrine- Acinar cells- pancreatic digestive enzymes
- Endocrine- Islets of Langerhans- insulin & glucagon
The bile duct joins with the main pancreatic duct to form the _
Ampulla of Vater.
What are the 3 sphincters of the duodenum?
- Bile duct sphincter
- Pancreatic duct sphincter
- Sphincter of Oddi
Obstruction of the biliary tree can be due to _ and _
Gallstones and carcinoma
What else can occur in the biliary tree in jaundice?
Backlfow of bile towards liver
Overspill of constiteunts into blood incl bile
Which two arteries supply the pancreas?
- Splencic artery
- Dorsal pancreatic artery
Which arteries supply the duodenum?
The superior & inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery _ together
Superior & Inferior panrceaticoduodenal artery
Anastamose
Pancreatic pain can be a result of _
Pancreatitis
Blockage of the _ by gallstones can cause pancreatitis
Ampulla.
Why can pancreatic pain present in the epigastric and umbilical region?
Pancreas- forgeut & midgut organ
Pancreatic pain can Radiate to a patients back
Acute pancreatitis can be a result of gallstone obstruction leading to reflux of _ and _ juice into the main _ duct
Bile, pancreatic, pancreatic
Advanced cases- Vascular haemorrhage causing blood/fluid accumulation in retroperitoneal space
Contents of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
All of the contents of the small intestine are midgut structures. T/F?
False- 1st & 2nd parts of duodenum are foregut structures
Jejunum starts at the _ flexure while the ileum ends at the _ junction
Duodenaljejunal, Ileocaecal
What are the differences in colour between the jejunum and ileum
Jejunum deep red, ileum is lighter pink
What are the differences in wall between the jejunum and ileum
Jejunum- thick & heavy
Ileum- Thin & light
The Jejunum is less vascular than the ileum. T/F?
False- more
The jejunum has less mesenteric fat than the ileum. T/F?
True
Lymphoid tissue (peyers patches) are found in both the jejunm and ileum. T/F?
False- in ileum
What are the differences in circular folds between the jejunm and the ileum?
Jejunum has large, tall more closely packed folds
Which arteries and veins supply the jejunum and ileum? Which larger artery/vein do they join.
Arteries
Jejunal and ileal artery branches from the superior mesenteric
Veins
Jejunal & ileal veins join the superior mesenteric which joins the hepatic portal veins
The superior mesenteric vessels leave the aorta at vertebral level _
L1
Fats are aborbed from the intestinal cells into specialised lymphatic cells of the small bowel called _
Lacteals- these travel via lymphatics and drain into the left venous angle
What are the 4 groups of lymph nodes draining abdominal organs?
- Celiac
- Superior mesenteric
- Inferior mesenteric
- Lumbar
