Clinical anatomy of Jaundice: part 2

Question 1

The biliary tree is made up of a number of ducts.

The right & left hepatic ducts unite to form the _ duct

Answer 1

Common hepatic

Question 2

Common hepatic duct unites with the _ duct to form the bile duct

Answer 2

Cystic

Question 3

The duodenum has 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, ascending. Which part is partly intraperitoneal and contains the duodenal cap?

Answer 3

Superior

Duodenal cap- mobile

Question 4

The duodenum begins at the _ sphincter and ends at the _ flexure

Answer 4

Pyloric & duodenojejunal

Question 5

Pain from duodenal ulcer presents in _ region

Answer 5

Epigastric

Question 6

The pancreas is an intraperitoneal organ. T/F?

Answer 6

False- Retro

Question 7

Posterior structures of the pancreas?

Answer 7

1. kidney
2. IVC
3. Bile duct
4. Superior mesenteric artery
5. Adrenal gland
6. Abdominal aorta

Question 8

Anterior to the pancreas lies the _

_ surrounds the head of the pancreas.

The splencic nerves are _ to the pancreas

Answer 8

Stomach

Duodenum

Supero-posterior

Question 9

CT of abdomen

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the functions of exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas?

Answer 10

1. Exocrine- Acinar cells- pancreatic digestive enzymes
2. Endocrine- Islets of Langerhans- insulin & glucagon

Question 11

The bile duct joins with the main pancreatic duct to form the _

Answer 11

Ampulla of Vater.

Question 12

What are the 3 sphincters of the duodenum?

Answer 12

1. Bile duct sphincter
2. Pancreatic duct sphincter
3. Sphincter of Oddi

Question 13

Obstruction of the biliary tree can be due to _ and _

Answer 13

Gallstones and carcinoma

Question 14

What else can occur in the biliary tree in jaundice?

Answer 14

Backlfow of bile towards liver

Overspill of constiteunts into blood incl bile

Question 15

Which two arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 15

1. Splencic artery
2. Dorsal pancreatic artery

Question 16

Which arteries supply the duodenum?

The superior & inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery _ together

Answer 16

Superior & Inferior panrceaticoduodenal artery

Anastamose

Question 17

Pancreatic pain can be a result of _

Answer 17

Pancreatitis

Question 18

Blockage of the _ by gallstones can cause pancreatitis

Answer 18

Ampulla.

Question 19

Why can pancreatic pain present in the epigastric and umbilical region?

Answer 19

Pancreas- forgeut & midgut organ

Pancreatic pain can Radiate to a patients back

Question 20

Acute pancreatitis can be a result of gallstone obstruction leading to reflux of _ and _ juice into the main _ duct

Answer 20

Bile, pancreatic, pancreatic

Advanced cases- Vascular haemorrhage causing blood/fluid accumulation in retroperitoneal space

Question 21

Contents of the small intestine?

Answer 21

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 22

All of the contents of the small intestine are midgut structures. T/F?

Answer 22

False- 1st & 2nd parts of duodenum are foregut structures

Question 23

Jejunum starts at the _ flexure while the ileum ends at the _ junction

Answer 23

Duodenaljejunal, Ileocaecal

Question 24

What are the differences in colour between the jejunum and ileum

Answer 24

Jejunum deep red, ileum is lighter pink

Question 25

What are the differences in wall between the jejunum and ileum

Answer 25

Jejunum- thick & heavy Ileum- Thin & light

Question 26

The Jejunum is less vascular than the ileum. T/F?

Answer 26

False- more

Question 27

The jejunum has less mesenteric fat than the ileum. T/F?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Lymphoid tissue (peyers patches) are found in both the jejunm and ileum. T/F?

Answer 28

False- in ileum

Question 29

What are the differences in circular folds between the jejunm and the ileum?

Answer 29

Jejunum has large, tall more closely packed folds

Question 30

Which arteries and veins supply the jejunum and ileum? Which larger artery/vein do they join.

Answer 30

Arteries Jejunal and ileal artery branches from the superior mesenteric Veins Jejunal & ileal veins join the superior mesenteric which joins the hepatic portal veins

Question 31

The superior mesenteric vessels leave the aorta at vertebral level \_

Answer 31

L1

Question 32

Fats are aborbed from the intestinal cells into specialised lymphatic cells of the small bowel called \_

Answer 32

Lacteals- these travel via lymphatics and drain into the left venous angle

Question 33

What are the 4 groups of lymph nodes draining abdominal organs?

Answer 33

1. Celiac 2. Superior mesenteric 3. Inferior mesenteric 4. Lumbar