Clinical Anatomy of Jaundice - 1

Question 1

What is jaundice?

Answer 1

Yellowing of the skin and sclera (white of eyes) by increased levels of Bilirubin

Question 2

Bilirubin is the normal byproduct in the breakdown of _ _ _ which mainly occurs in the _

Answer 2

Red blood cells, Spleen

Question 3

Bilirubin is used to form _ in the _

Answer 3

Bile, Liver

Question 4

“Biliary tree”- A set of tubes connecting the _ to the 2nd part of the _

Answer 4

Liver, Duodenum

Question 5

The Gall bladder is important for _ and _ of Bile.

Answer 5

Storage, Concentration

Question 6

Bile is important for absorption of _ from the small intestine

Answer 6

Fats

Question 7

The pancreas excretes _ enzymes into the 2nd part of the duodenum

Answer 7

Digestion

Question 8

The _ is the largest organ in the body

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

What are the three functions of the liver?

Answer 9

1. Bile secretion
2. Glycogen storage
3. Other metabolic functions

Question 10

With regards to quadrants of the abdomen and Rib level, where is the Liver found?

Answer 10

1. RUQ

2. Ribs 7-11

Question 11

What anatomical structures are found inferior to the liver?

Answer 11

1. Gall bladder- also posterior
2. Hepatic flexure
3. Stomach

Right Hemi diaphragm is Superior to the liver

Question 12

Which structures are directly posterior to the liver?(4)

Answer 12

Spleen, Right kidney, Right adrenal gland, IVC, Abdominal aorta

Question 13

What are the anatomical divisions of the liver? (4)

Answer 13

1. Right Lobe
2. Left “
3. Caudal “
4. Quadrate “

Question 14

What is the site of entrance of the portal triad structures called?

Answer 14

Porta hepatis

Question 15

How many functional segments does the liver have? What surgical procedure is it relevant to

Answer 15

8

Segmentectomy’s

Question 16

What vascular supplies are found in each liver segment?

Answer 16

1. Branch of hepatic portal vein
2. Branch of hepatic artery
3. Bile drainage (bile duct)
4. Venous drainage (IVC)

Question 17

Why is an increase in Central Venous Pressure directed to the liver?

Answer 17

IVC and hepatic veins lack valves so blood backflow occurs

Question 18

The hepatic veins directing _ blood from the liver come together as _ (number) veins before joining the _

Answer 18

1. Deoxygenated
2. 3
3. IVC

Question 19

The portal triad runs within the _ ligament

Answer 19

Hepatoduodenal

Question 20

The hepatoduodenal ligament and the _ ligament form the _ Omentum

Answer 20

Hepatogastric, Lesser

Question 21

What are the 3 main contents of the portal triad?

Answer 21

1. Hepatic portal vein
2. Hepatic artery proper
3. Bile duct

Question 22

What is the first midline branch of the aorta?

Answer 22

Coeliac trunk

Question 23

The coeliac trunk is _peritoneal and leaves the aorta at _ vertebral level

Answer 23

Retro, T12

Question 24

Coeliac trunk supplies organs of the _gut

Answer 24

Fore

Question 25

What are the 3 branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 25

1. Splenic Artery 2. Left gastric artery 3. Common hepatic artery

Question 26

The spleen is an _peritoneal organ within the left _

Answer 26

Intra, hypochondrium

Question 27

The spleen is protected by ribs _ - _

Answer 27

9-11

Question 28

The spleen is posteriorly related to the _, anteriorly related to the _, inferiorly related to the _ and medially related to the _

Answer 28

Diaphragm, stomach, splenic flexure, left kidney

Question 29

Main function of spleen?

Answer 29

Breakdown spleen to form bilirubin

Question 30

What are the two major types of arteries supplying blood the stomach (R&L one)

Answer 30

1. R&L gastric arteries 2. R&L Gastro-omental arteries Minor supplies - Posterior gastric arteries - short gastric arteries

Question 31

The R&L gastric arteries run along the curvature of the _ omentum

Answer 31

Lesser

Question 32

The R&L gastro-omental arteries run along the curvature of the _ omentum

Answer 32

Greater

Question 33

Which arteries of the liver supply 25% of its blood?

Answer 33

R&L hepatic arteries

Question 34

The R&L hepatic arteries are branches of which artery?

Answer 34

Hepatic Artery Proper

Question 35

Which blood vessels supply the majority of the livers blood?

Answer 35

Hepatic portal vein

Question 36

The histological cells of the liver are called _ , the centre of which is a _ vein

Answer 36

Lobules, central

Question 37

What are the two peritoneal pouches formed around the liver?

Answer 37

1. Hepatorenal recess (Morissons pouch) 2. Sub-phrenic recess Both are found in the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

Question 38

Why are these pouches relevant in peritonitis?

Answer 38

Peritonitis can occur as a result of pus collection and access formation in the pouches

Question 39

The hepatic portal vein drains blood from foregut, midgut and hind-gut structures. T/F?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Hepatic portal vein is formed by _ and _

Answer 40

Splenic vein- drain foregut Superior mesenteric vein- drain midgut Inferior mesenteric vein-- drains from hind-gut to the Splenic vein

Question 41

The IVC is retroperitoneal and drains blood from the Hepatic portal vein to the Right atrium. ALL true?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The narrowing neck of the gall bladder is a potential site for _ _ impaction

Answer 42

Gall stone

Question 43

Bile flows in and out of the gallbladder via the _ duct

Answer 43

Cystic

Question 44

Gallbladder is supplied by the Cystic artery located where?

Answer 44

Triangle of Calot (cystohepatic triangle)