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GI- WK 1-3 > Clinical Anatomy of Jaundice - 1 > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of Jaundice - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellowing of the skin and sclera (white of eyes) by increased levels of Bilirubin

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2
Q

Bilirubin is the normal byproduct in the breakdown of _ _ _ which mainly occurs in the _

A

Red blood cells, Spleen

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3
Q

Bilirubin is used to form _ in the _

A

Bile, Liver

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4
Q

“Biliary tree”- A set of tubes connecting the _ to the 2nd part of the _

A

Liver, Duodenum

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5
Q

The Gall bladder is important for _ and _ of Bile.

A

Storage, Concentration

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6
Q

Bile is important for absorption of _ from the small intestine

A

Fats

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7
Q

The pancreas excretes _ enzymes into the 2nd part of the duodenum

A

Digestion

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8
Q

The _ is the largest organ in the body

A

Liver

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9
Q

What are the three functions of the liver?

A
  1. Bile secretion
  2. Glycogen storage
  3. Other metabolic functions
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10
Q

With regards to quadrants of the abdomen and Rib level, where is the Liver found?

A
  1. RUQ

2. Ribs 7-11

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11
Q

What anatomical structures are found inferior to the liver?

A
  1. Gall bladder- also posterior
  2. Hepatic flexure
  3. Stomach

Right Hemi diaphragm is Superior to the liver

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12
Q

Which structures are directly posterior to the liver?(4)

A

Spleen, Right kidney, Right adrenal gland, IVC, Abdominal aorta

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13
Q

What are the anatomical divisions of the liver? (4)

A
  1. Right Lobe
  2. Left “
  3. Caudal “
  4. Quadrate “
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14
Q

What is the site of entrance of the portal triad structures called?

A

Porta hepatis

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15
Q

How many functional segments does the liver have? What surgical procedure is it relevant to

A

8

Segmentectomy’s

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16
Q

What vascular supplies are found in each liver segment?

A
  1. Branch of hepatic portal vein
  2. Branch of hepatic artery
  3. Bile drainage (bile duct)
  4. Venous drainage (IVC)
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17
Q

Why is an increase in Central Venous Pressure directed to the liver?

A

IVC and hepatic veins lack valves so blood backflow occurs

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18
Q

The hepatic veins directing _ blood from the liver come together as _ (number) veins before joining the _

A
  1. Deoxygenated
  2. 3
  3. IVC
19
Q

The portal triad runs within the _ ligament

A

Hepatoduodenal

20
Q

The hepatoduodenal ligament and the _ ligament form the _ Omentum

A

Hepatogastric, Lesser

21
Q

What are the 3 main contents of the portal triad?

A
  1. Hepatic portal vein
  2. Hepatic artery proper
  3. Bile duct
22
Q

What is the first midline branch of the aorta?

A

Coeliac trunk

23
Q

The coeliac trunk is _peritoneal and leaves the aorta at _ vertebral level

A

Retro, T12

24
Q

Coeliac trunk supplies organs of the _gut

A

Fore

25
Q

What are the 3 branches of the coeliac trunk?

A
  1. Splenic Artery
  2. Left gastric artery
  3. Common hepatic artery
26
Q

The spleen is an _peritoneal organ within the left _

A

Intra, hypochondrium

27
Q

The spleen is protected by ribs _ - _

A

9-11

28
Q

The spleen is posteriorly related to the _, anteriorly related to the _, inferiorly related to the _ and medially related to the _

A

Diaphragm, stomach, splenic flexure, left kidney

29
Q

Main function of spleen?

A

Breakdown spleen to form bilirubin

30
Q

What are the two major types of arteries supplying blood the stomach (R&L one)

A
  1. R&L gastric arteries
  2. R&L Gastro-omental arteries

Minor supplies

  • Posterior gastric arteries
  • short gastric arteries
31
Q

The R&L gastric arteries run along the curvature of the _ omentum

A

Lesser

32
Q

The R&L gastro-omental arteries run along the curvature of the _ omentum

A

Greater

33
Q

Which arteries of the liver supply 25% of its blood?

A

R&L hepatic arteries

34
Q

The R&L hepatic arteries are branches of which artery?

A

Hepatic Artery Proper

35
Q

Which blood vessels supply the majority of the livers blood?

A

Hepatic portal vein

36
Q

The histological cells of the liver are called _ , the centre of which is a _ vein

A

Lobules, central

37
Q

What are the two peritoneal pouches formed around the liver?

A
  1. Hepatorenal recess (Morissons pouch)
  2. Sub-phrenic recess

Both are found in the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

38
Q

Why are these pouches relevant in peritonitis?

A

Peritonitis can occur as a result of pus collection and access formation in the pouches

39
Q

The hepatic portal vein drains blood from foregut, midgut and hind-gut structures. T/F?

A

True

40
Q

Hepatic portal vein is formed by _ and _

A

Splenic vein- drain foregut
Superior mesenteric vein- drain midgut

Inferior mesenteric vein– drains from hind-gut to the Splenic vein

41
Q

The IVC is retroperitoneal and drains blood from the Hepatic portal vein to the Right atrium. ALL true?

A

True

42
Q

The narrowing neck of the gall bladder is a potential site for _ _ impaction

A

Gall stone

43
Q

Bile flows in and out of the gallbladder via the _ duct

A

Cystic

44
Q

Gallbladder is supplied by the Cystic artery located where?

A

Triangle of Calot (cystohepatic triangle)

GI- WK 1-3 (25 decks)

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