Oesophagogastric cancers

Question 1

Oesophageal cancer is more common in males than females? T/F?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the two most common histopathological types of oesophageal cancer?

Answer 2

1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Adenocarcinoma

Question 3

Adenocarcinoma is commonly seen in people of which ethnicity?

Answer 3

Caucasians

Question 4

Describe the steps involved in the progression of Barrett’s oesophagus to cancer?

Answer 4

1. Acid or bile reflux 2. Chronic oesophagitis 3. Barrett’s 4. Low grade dysplasia 5. High grade dysplasia 6. Invasive adenocarcinoma

Question 5

Primary symptom in oesophageal cancer? (hint-same as reflux)

Answer 5

Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing

Question 6

If a person over 55 presents with new onset Dysphagia, what is the first investigation that has to be undertaken asap?

Answer 6

Endoscopy

Question 7

What investigations are useful for staging Oesophageal cancers?

Answer 7

1. CT- chest, abdomen, pelvis 2. PET CT- sensitive to distal nodal disease (metastasis) 3. Endoscopic ultrasound- sensitive to local nodal disease

Question 8

Localised Squamous carcionoma is primarily treated with what?

Answer 8

Radical chemoradiotherapy.

Question 9

What staging do adenocarcinomas have to be to be fit for endoscopic resection?

Answer 9

Tis or T1a.

If no evidence of metastasis- oesophagectomy, neoadjuvant chemo

Question 10

Most common cause of gastric cancer?

Answer 10

H. pylori

Question 11

Some common symptoms of gastric cancer?

Answer 11

1. Weight loss

2. Bloating

3. indigestion

4. Abdominal pain

5. fatigue