Oral & Oesophageal Pathology Flashcards
Acute oesophagitis is more common than chronic oesophagitis. T/F?
False- chronic more common
Acute- infection- Candiadisis, herpes or chemical ingestion
Chronic- reflux disease, Crohns
Reflux oesophagitis is caused by what? What chronic condition is it affected by?
Low pH gastric content
Can be due to defective sphincter mechanism, +/- hiatus hernia
Increased abdominal pressure- mainly due to Obesity
Which layer of the gut wall os affected by reflux Oesophagitis?
Basal cells expand, the papillae extend
What are the complications of Relfux? (3)
- Ulceration (bleeding)
- Stricture- narrowing
- Barret’s oesophagus- Replacement of stratified squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium
Barrett’s oesophagus arise due to persistent _ of acid or bile
Reflux
It is a protective response and generated rapidly, however it is even more susceptible to destruction by Oesophagitis.
Barrett’s oesophagus is unstable making it more risky of getting _ of Oesophagus
Dysplasia/Carcinoma
Allergic Oesophagitis is mediated by what immune cells?
Eosinophils.
Allergic oesophagiti show a large number of intraepithelial eosinophils. T/F?
True
Treatment for allergic oesophagitis?
Anti allergy- Steroid, cromoglycate, montelukast
Squamous papilloma is a malignant cancer type. T/F?
False- Benign, V rare
What are the two most common types of malignant oesophageal tumours?
1 Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is more common in males. T/F?
True
Two biggest risk factors of squamous carcinoma?
- Smoking
- Alcohol
Squamous carcinoma is associated most commonly with what symptom?
Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
Adenocarcinoma is closely associated with _ Oesophagus
Barrett’s
Summarise the pathogenesis of developing adenocarcinoma. (6)
- Genetic factors, reflux disease
- Chronic reflux Oesophagitis
- Barrett’s Oesophagus
- Low grade Dysplasia
- High grade Dysplasia
- Adenocarcinoma
What are the mechanisms of carcionma metastasis? (3)
- Direct invasion
- Lymphatic permeation
- Vascular invasion
Oesophageal carcinomas commonly metastasise to which organs?
Liver
Dysphagia is the most common symptom of Oesopheal carcinoma. What are the other common symptoms?
- Anaemia
- Weight loss
- Malaise
What is Mallory Weiss?
A tear in the mucous membrane where the oesophagus meets the stomach. Significant tears can cause bleeding
More than 90% of oral cancers are of the _ cell type
Squamous
Biggest risk factor for oral cancer?
Smoking
