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Gastrointestinal 2 > Physio- SI > Flashcards

Physio- SI Flashcards

1
Q

This is the process where local concentric contractions spaced over a segement of the intestine to mix food.

A

Segmentation

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2
Q

What would happen to segementation if you gave an antimuscarinic drug like atropine?

A

it would be weak

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3
Q

This is the most basic form of propulsive movement.

A

Peristalsis

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4
Q

True or False: peristalsis in the SI is usually strong to get a food bolus from your stomach all the way to your colon.

A

False! It’s normally very weak.

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5
Q

Which reflex tells the SI to increase peristalsis when food enters the stomach?

A

Gastroenteric reflex

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6
Q

Which reflex tells the ileocecal valve to relax to allow chyme to pass from the ileum into the colon?

A

Gastroileal reflex

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7
Q

True or False: gastrin, CCK, insulin, motilin and serotonin increase peristalsis in the SI.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or False: secretin and glucagon increase peristalsis in the SI.

A

False, they decrease peristalsis activity.

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9
Q

Define: this is the powerful and rapid peristalsis of the SI due to intense irritation of the mucoa.

A

Peristaltic rush

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10
Q

When the cecum is distended, is the ileocecal sphincter relaxed or contracted?

A

contracted so poop doesn’t flow back into your ileum.

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11
Q

Which nervous system (ENS, PANS, or SANS) drives the regulation of the ileocecal sphincter?

A

enteric NS

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12
Q

Which cells release secretin?

A

S cells from the duodenum and jejunum

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13
Q

What is the the stimuli for secretin release?

A

Acid

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14
Q

Which 2 organs are stimulated to release HCO3 when secretin stimulates them?

A

Liver and pancreas

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15
Q

Which cells release CCK?

A

I cells from the duodenum and jejunum

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16
Q

Which substances trigger CCK release?

A

Fats and proteins

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17
Q

CCK triggers contraction of what organ?

A

Gallbladder

18
Q

CCK inhibits which sphincter?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

19
Q

CCK also triggers the release of enzymes from which organ for digestion?

A

Pancreas

20
Q

These are the cells in the first part of the duodenum that secrete an alkaline mucous in response to irritating stimuli.

A

Brunners glands

21
Q

These are the small pits located over the SI, that secrete mucus and water and electrolytes.

A

Crypts (of Lieberkuhn)

22
Q

What are the products of pancreatic amylase on the digestion of carbs?

A

maltose + small polymers

23
Q

What are the 4 carbohydrate enzymes that line the villi?

A

lactase, sucrase, maltase and a-dextrinase

24
Q

What are the 2 sugars that are the products of lactase?

A

glucose + galactose

25
Q

What are the 2 sugars that are the products of sucrase?

A

fructose + glucose

26
Q

What are the 2 sugars that are the products of maltase?

A

glucose + glucose

27
Q

These are the folds in the intestinal mucosa which increase the absorptive mucosa 3-fold

A

Valvulae conniventes

28
Q

These are millions of 1mm projections from the mucosal surface to increase the absorptive area 10-fold.

A

Villi

29
Q

This is the 1000 microvilli on each intestinal epithelial cell on each villus.

A

brush border

30
Q

If you had to give me 1 word that described the absorption of water from chyme into the blood, what would it be?

A

Diffusion

31
Q

True or false: water can leave the chyme and go to the blood by osmosic pressure, and it can leave the blood and go to the chyme from osmotic pressure as well.

A

True!

32
Q

Once Na diffuses into the cell, how is it transported across the basal and side walls of the epithelia?

A

By active transport

33
Q

When Na is absorbed into the intestinal epithelia, what other ion is “dragged” along with it?

A

Cl-

34
Q

HCO3 in the chyme combines with what ion that is pumped into the lumen by the epithelial cells?

A

H+ (to form H2CO3)

35
Q

H2CO3 splits in the lumen to form what 2 substances?

A

H2O and CO2

36
Q

Which hormone activates vitamin D to cause absorption of Ca++ from the chyme?

A

PTH

37
Q

Generally, this is the decreased absorption of the mucosa in the SI.

A

Sprue

38
Q

This type of sprue is when gluten causes toxic effects on the intestinal enterocytes.

A

nontropical sprue.

39
Q

This type of sprue forms from inflammation as a result of bacterial infection.

A

Tropical sprue

40
Q

What is the first substance to be impaired in absorption in any sprue?

A

Fat

41
Q

What is the term called when there are excess fats in yer poo poo?

A

Steatorrhea

Gastrointestinal 2 (13 decks)

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