Physio- SI

Question 1

This is the process where local concentric contractions spaced over a segement of the intestine to mix food.

Answer 1

Segmentation

Question 2

What would happen to segementation if you gave an antimuscarinic drug like atropine?

Answer 2

it would be weak

Question 3

This is the most basic form of propulsive movement.

Answer 3

Peristalsis

Question 4

True or False: peristalsis in the SI is usually strong to get a food bolus from your stomach all the way to your colon.

Answer 4

False! It’s normally very weak.

Question 5

Which reflex tells the SI to increase peristalsis when food enters the stomach?

Answer 5

Gastroenteric reflex

Question 6

Which reflex tells the ileocecal valve to relax to allow chyme to pass from the ileum into the colon?

Answer 6

Gastroileal reflex

Question 7

True or False: gastrin, CCK, insulin, motilin and serotonin increase peristalsis in the SI.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

True or False: secretin and glucagon increase peristalsis in the SI.

Answer 8

False, they decrease peristalsis activity.

Question 9

Define: this is the powerful and rapid peristalsis of the SI due to intense irritation of the mucoa.

Answer 9

Peristaltic rush

Question 10

When the cecum is distended, is the ileocecal sphincter relaxed or contracted?

Answer 10

contracted so poop doesn’t flow back into your ileum.

Question 11

Which nervous system (ENS, PANS, or SANS) drives the regulation of the ileocecal sphincter?

Answer 11

enteric NS

Question 12

Which cells release secretin?

Answer 12

S cells from the duodenum and jejunum

Question 13

What is the the stimuli for secretin release?

Answer 13

Acid

Question 14

Which 2 organs are stimulated to release HCO3 when secretin stimulates them?

Answer 14

Liver and pancreas

Question 15

Which cells release CCK?

Answer 15

I cells from the duodenum and jejunum

Question 16

Which substances trigger CCK release?

Answer 16

Fats and proteins

Question 17

CCK triggers contraction of what organ?

Answer 17

Gallbladder

Question 18

CCK inhibits which sphincter?

Answer 18

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 19

CCK also triggers the release of enzymes from which organ for digestion?

Answer 19

Pancreas

Question 20

These are the cells in the first part of the duodenum that secrete an alkaline mucous in response to irritating stimuli.

Answer 20

Brunners glands

Question 21

These are the small pits located over the SI, that secrete mucus and water and electrolytes.

Answer 21

Crypts (of Lieberkuhn)

Question 22

What are the products of pancreatic amylase on the digestion of carbs?

Answer 22

maltose + small polymers

Question 23

What are the 4 carbohydrate enzymes that line the villi?

Answer 23

lactase, sucrase, maltase and a-dextrinase

Question 24

What are the 2 sugars that are the products of lactase?

Answer 24

glucose + galactose

Question 25

What are the 2 sugars that are the products of sucrase?

Answer 25

fructose + glucose

Question 26

What are the 2 sugars that are the products of maltase?

Answer 26

glucose + glucose

Question 27

These are the folds in the intestinal mucosa which increase the absorptive mucosa 3-fold

Answer 27

Valvulae conniventes

Question 28

These are millions of 1mm projections from the mucosal surface to increase the absorptive area 10-fold.

Answer 28

Villi

Question 29

This is the 1000 microvilli on each intestinal epithelial cell on each villus.

Answer 29

brush border

Question 30

If you had to give me 1 word that described the absorption of water from chyme into the blood, what would it be?

Answer 30

Diffusion

Question 31

True or false: water can leave the chyme and go to the blood by osmosic pressure, and it can leave the blood and go to the chyme from osmotic pressure as well.

Answer 31

True!

Question 32

Once Na diffuses into the cell, how is it transported across the basal and side walls of the epithelia?

Answer 32

By active transport

Question 33

When Na is absorbed into the intestinal epithelia, what other ion is "dragged" along with it?

Answer 33

Cl-

Question 34

HCO3 in the chyme combines with what ion that is pumped into the lumen by the epithelial cells?

Answer 34

H+ (to form H2CO3)

Question 35

H2CO3 splits in the lumen to form what 2 substances?

Answer 35

H2O and CO2

Question 36

Which hormone activates vitamin D to cause absorption of Ca++ from the chyme?

Answer 36

PTH

Question 37

Generally, this is the decreased absorption of the mucosa in the SI.

Answer 37

Sprue

Question 38

This type of sprue is when gluten causes toxic effects on the intestinal enterocytes.

Answer 38

nontropical sprue.

Question 39

This type of sprue forms from inflammation as a result of bacterial infection.

Answer 39

Tropical sprue

Question 40

What is the first substance to be impaired in absorption in any sprue?

Answer 40

Fat

Question 41

What is the term called when there are excess fats in yer poo poo?

Answer 41

Steatorrhea