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Gastrointestinal 2 > Biochem- Lipids > Flashcards

Biochem- Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

This is the molecule which has a glycerol backbone and 3 esterified FA’s attached to it.

A

Triacylglycerol (TG)

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2
Q

TG’s are resynthesized in the epithelia from what 2 components?

A

FA’s + 2-monoacylglycerols

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3
Q

Where in the cell are TG’s synthesized?

A

Smooth ER

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4
Q

What is the intermediate structure that sits on the end of the fatty acids in the formation of TG?

A

acyl-CoA’s

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5
Q

This is a the molecule that delivers endogenous lipids from the liver to the blood to the tissues.

A

VLDL

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6
Q

In addition to TG’s, what 3 other things are packed in the VLDL?

A

cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins.

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7
Q

Matching:
A. Liver
B. Chylomicrons

  1. Apo B-48
  2. Apo B-100
A

A/2- Liver has Apo B-100
B/1- Chylomicrons have Apo B-42

(liver is bigger!)

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8
Q

Lingual lipase digest what 2 length of fats?

A

short or medium chain

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9
Q

At what age of life are lingual and gastric lipases activated? (hint: milk)

A

kids, cuz milk has a bunch of short and medium chain fatty acids

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10
Q

So if the lingual lipase digests short and medium chain FA’s, where does the long chain start to be digested?

A

duodenum

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11
Q

What emulsifies long chain FA’s in the duodenum?

A

bile salts

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12
Q

Where are bile salts synthesized?

A

Liver

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13
Q

Where are bild salts stored?

A

Gallbladder

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14
Q

Which hormone causes contraction of the gallbladder when fat is ingested?

A

CCK

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15
Q

What is the major enzyme to digest dietary lipids?

A

Pancreatic lipase

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16
Q

Pancreatic lipase along with what other enzyme are secreted in response to CCK?

A

Colipase

17
Q

How does bile salts inhibit pancreatic lipase’s activity on fats?

A

They cockblock the lipase by not allowing access to the substrate

18
Q

What is the function of the colipases?

A

They bind to fat to relieve the bile salt restriction.

19
Q

What is the final product of the lipases digestion of TG?

A

2-acylglycerol. The middle finger.

20
Q

Where in the cell are the TG’s re-synthesized from FA’s and 2-MG?

A

Smooth ER

21
Q

What is the biggest component of the chylomicron?

A

TG’s

22
Q

What 4 other substances are in the chylomicron besides TG?

A

phospholipid, cholesterol ester, proteins, and cholesterol (in order from [most] to [least]

23
Q

Which to apoproteins are needed to convert the nascent chylomicro into a mature chylomicron?

A

ApoE and ApoCII

24
Q

What is the fxn of ApoE?

A

allows the chylomicron to bind to the liver once it delivers the tackage of TG’s to the tissues

25
Q

What is the fxn of ApoCII?

A

Activated LPL on adipose tissue

26
Q

So what is the molecular biological mechanism to make Apo B-48 from Apo B-100?

A

RNA editing

27
Q

Which pancreatic hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of adipose LPL?

A

Insulin

28
Q

Is the Km of the LPL in adipose tissue high or low?

A

High

29
Q

Is the Km of the LPL in muscle tissue high or low?

A

Low

30
Q

What does LPL do to the TG’s in the chylomicron?

A

Degrade them to FA’s

31
Q

Which enzyme is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of bile salts from cholesterol?

A

7a-hydroxylase

32
Q

What is 7a-hydroxylase inhibited by in the synthesis of bile salts?

A

bile salts (negative regulation!)

33
Q

What are the 2 molecules created for bile salts from cholesterol?

A

Chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid

34
Q

What is removed from the primary bile salts from bacteria to create secondary bile salts?

A

Glycine or taurine

35
Q

Where in the GI tract are bile salts reabsorbed?

A

ileum

36
Q

What % of bile salts are reabsorbed?

A

95%

37
Q

What will the urine and sclera look like in a bile duct blockage?

A

Urine is iced tea, sclera are jaundice.

Gastrointestinal 2 (13 decks)

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