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Gastrointestinal 2 > Biochem- Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Biochem- Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

This is a single sugar molecule, including glucose and fructose.

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

What are the molecules called when there are 2 sugar molecules bound together? 3 or more?

A

Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

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3
Q

Is fiber a mono-, di-, or polysaccharide?

A

Polysaccharide

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4
Q

This is the polysaccharide liked by a-1,4 bond and is composed of millions of units linked together.

A

Amylose

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5
Q

This is the polysaccharide liked by a-1,6 bond and is composed of millions of units linked together.

A

Amylopectin

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6
Q

This is the disaccharide linked by B-1,4 bonds and includes a glucose and galactose molecule.

A

Lactose

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7
Q

This is the disaccharide linked by a-1,2 bonds and includes a glucose and fructose molecule.

A

Sucrose

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8
Q

What are the products of the a-amylase breakdown of carbs in the mouth?

A

a-dextrins

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9
Q

Pancreatic a-amylase breaks down a-dextrins in the duodenum into what 3 products?

A

disaccharides (maltose), trisaccharides (maltotriose) and oligosaccharides (limit dextrins)

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10
Q

Where are the enzymes in the intestine to degrade the products of the a-amylase?

A

brush border

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11
Q

Glucoamylase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

A

a-1,4

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12
Q

Sucrase-isomaltase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

A

a-1,6

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13
Q

Lactase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

A

B-1,4

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14
Q

Trehalase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

A

a-1,1

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15
Q

True or False: Since fiber is nondigestable, it helps harden poop so you can get a good sized butt log to impress your buddies.

A

False. Fiber softens poop, which lowers pressure on the colonic wall and enhances the expulsion of feces.

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16
Q

True or False: fiber is associated with lowering cholesterol and slowing the rate of sugar absorption.

A

True

17
Q

Cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are either water soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

18
Q

What are the 3 water soluble fiber types?

A

Pectic substances, gums, and mucilages

19
Q

This is the number that measures how fast and how much a food raises blood glucose levels.

A

Glycemic index

20
Q

What types of pt’s is the glycemic index important?

A

diabetics duhhhhhhhh

21
Q

What are the 2 ways glucose can be transported through the intestinal absorptive cells?

A

facilitated and Na-dependent facilitated Tx

22
Q

Which one of the GLUT transporter is activated by insulin?

A

GLUT 4

23
Q

Which 2 tissues have GLUT1 transporters?

A

RBC’s, BBB

24
Q

Do GLUT1 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

A

Very high. RBC’s and the BBB always take up glucose from the blood.

25
Q

Which 3 tissues use GLUT2 transporters?

A

Kidney, pancreas (b-cells), intestinal mucosa

26
Q

Do GLUT2 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

A

Low

27
Q

Which tissue uses GLUT3 transporters?

A

Brain (neurons)

28
Q

Do GLUT3 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

A

Very high. They always take up glucose from the blood.

29
Q

Which 3 tissues use GLUT4 transporters?

A

Adipose tissue, SkM, heart muscle. Remember these are the 3 that use insulin!

30
Q

Do GLUT4 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

A

High. Activated only by insulin.

31
Q

Which 2 tissues use GLUT5 transporters?

A

Intestinal epithelium, spermatozoa

32
Q

Which molecule does GLUT5 transporters carry across it?

A

fructose

33
Q

So what exactly does insulin trigger on muscle and fat to cause the GLUT4’s to take up glucose?

A

They cause intracellular vesicles with GLUT4 to be taken into the plasma membrane.

Gastrointestinal 2 (13 decks)

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