Biochem- Carbohydrates

Question 1

This is a single sugar molecule, including glucose and fructose.

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

What are the molecules called when there are 2 sugar molecules bound together? 3 or more?

Answer 2

Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Question 3

Is fiber a mono-, di-, or polysaccharide?

Answer 3

Polysaccharide

Question 4

This is the polysaccharide liked by a-1,4 bond and is composed of millions of units linked together.

Answer 4

Amylose

Question 5

This is the polysaccharide liked by a-1,6 bond and is composed of millions of units linked together.

Answer 5

Amylopectin

Question 6

This is the disaccharide linked by B-1,4 bonds and includes a glucose and galactose molecule.

Answer 6

Lactose

Question 7

This is the disaccharide linked by a-1,2 bonds and includes a glucose and fructose molecule.

Answer 7

Sucrose

Question 8

What are the products of the a-amylase breakdown of carbs in the mouth?

Answer 8

a-dextrins

Question 9

Pancreatic a-amylase breaks down a-dextrins in the duodenum into what 3 products?

Answer 9

disaccharides (maltose), trisaccharides (maltotriose) and oligosaccharides (limit dextrins)

Question 10

Where are the enzymes in the intestine to degrade the products of the a-amylase?

Answer 10

brush border

Question 11

Glucoamylase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

Answer 11

a-1,4

Question 12

Sucrase-isomaltase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

Answer 12

a-1,6

Question 13

Lactase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

Answer 13

B-1,4

Question 14

Trehalase hydrolyzes what type of bond on dextrins?

Answer 14

a-1,1

Question 15

True or False: Since fiber is nondigestable, it helps harden poop so you can get a good sized butt log to impress your buddies.

Answer 15

False. Fiber softens poop, which lowers pressure on the colonic wall and enhances the expulsion of feces.

Question 16

True or False: fiber is associated with lowering cholesterol and slowing the rate of sugar absorption.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are either water soluble or insoluble?

Answer 17

Insoluble

Question 18

What are the 3 water soluble fiber types?

Answer 18

Pectic substances, gums, and mucilages

Question 19

This is the number that measures how fast and how much a food raises blood glucose levels.

Answer 19

Glycemic index

Question 20

What types of pt’s is the glycemic index important?

Answer 20

diabetics duhhhhhhhh

Question 21

What are the 2 ways glucose can be transported through the intestinal absorptive cells?

Answer 21

facilitated and Na-dependent facilitated Tx

Question 22

Which one of the GLUT transporter is activated by insulin?

Answer 22

GLUT 4

Question 23

Which 2 tissues have GLUT1 transporters?

Answer 23

RBC’s, BBB

Question 24

Do GLUT1 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

Answer 24

Very high. RBC’s and the BBB always take up glucose from the blood.

Question 25

Which 3 tissues use GLUT2 transporters?

Answer 25

Kidney, pancreas (b-cells), intestinal mucosa

Question 26

Do GLUT2 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

Answer 26

Low

Question 27

Which tissue uses GLUT3 transporters?

Answer 27

Brain (neurons)

Question 28

Do GLUT3 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

Answer 28

Very high. They always take up glucose from the blood.

Question 29

Which 3 tissues use GLUT4 transporters?

Answer 29

Adipose tissue, SkM, heart muscle. Remember these are the 3 that use insulin!

Question 30

Do GLUT4 transporters have a high or low affinity for glucose at all times?

Answer 30

High. Activated only by insulin.

Question 31

Which 2 tissues use GLUT5 transporters?

Answer 31

Intestinal epithelium, spermatozoa

Question 32

Which molecule does GLUT5 transporters carry across it?

Answer 32

fructose

Question 33

So what exactly does insulin trigger on muscle and fat to cause the GLUT4's to take up glucose?

Answer 33

They cause intracellular vesicles with GLUT4 to be taken into the plasma membrane.