Biochem- Proteins

Question 1

Where in the GI tract does protein digestion begin (mouth, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon)?

Answer 1

Stomach

Question 2

What does the pancreatic proteases cleave the proteins into in the duodenum?

Answer 2

oligopeptides and amino acids

Question 3

Which enzymes on the brush border in the SI cleave the oligopeptides into amino acids?

Answer 3

aminopeptidases

Question 4

What 2 things are secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas when the gastric contents enter it?

Answer 4

biocarbonate and zymogens

Question 5

What is the enzyme that is secreted by the brush border to activate trypsinogen –> trypsin?

Answer 5

Enteropeptidase

Question 6

What 3 zymogens does trypsin cleave to activate?

Answer 6

Chymotrypsinogen, protealase, procarboxypeptidases

Question 7

A negative N balance with lack of essential AA consumption can lead to which disease, despite adequate caloric intake?

Answer 7

Kwashiorkor

Question 8

What is the problem with zymogens if the pancratic duct is blocked in pancreatitis?

Answer 8

They get activated b4 they reach the duodenum –> destroy surrounding cells + decreased intestinal protein digestion

Question 9

This is the condition characterized by anemia, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, and bloating, and is caused by an immune response to gluten.

Answer 9

Celiac disease (glutarded)

Question 10

This is the condition characterized by defective chloride channels, leading to viscious pancreatic secretions and thus inadequate protein digestion.

Answer 10

Cystic fibrosis

Question 11

AA’s are absorbed from the lumen into the eintestinal epithelial cell using what ion for secondary active transport?

Answer 11

Na+

Question 12

This is the condition characterized by photosensitivity, ataxia, nystagmus, and tremor, and is caused by defective intestinal and renal epthelial absorption of proteins.

Answer 12

Hartnup disease

Question 13

This is the condition characterized by cysteine stones in their usine from defective absorption from their renal epithelial cells.

Answer 13

Cystinuria

Question 14

This is the organelle that uses autophagy tp eat ingest proteins.

Answer 14

Lysosomes

Question 15

What is the family of proteases that degrades the protiens into individual amino acids within the lysosomes?

Answer 15

Cathepsin

Question 16

What is the point of autophagy in times of starvation?

Answer 16

to eat old proteins so u can build new proteins for survival.

Question 17

This is a small protien that targets itnracelliular proteins for degredation by covalently binding to the amino group of lysine residues.

Answer 17

Ubiquitin

Question 18

The ubiquitin-targeted protein is then degraded by the binding of what structure?

Answer 18

Proteasome

Question 19

The gamma-glutamyl cycle is necessary to the synthesis of what molecule?

Answer 19

Glutathione

Question 20

Glutathione protects the cells from what type of damage?

Answer 20

oxidative dmg

Question 21

The gamma-glyamyl cycle is the dependent on the salvage of of what AA?

Answer 21

Cysteine