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Gastrointestinal 2 > Clinical- Diseases Causing Diarrhea > Flashcards

Clinical- Diseases Causing Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

This condition has an increase in a specific disaccharide in the stool, which normally splits into glucose and galactose. you fart a lot too.

A

Lactase deficiency

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2
Q

What is the pH of the stool in lactase deficiency? High or Low?

A

low cuz lactic acid y’all

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3
Q

The blood glucose won’t raise above what mg/mL in lactose intolerant pt’s?

A

20mg/ml

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4
Q

Which groups of people are at risk for an increased risk of acquired lactase deficiency?

A

People named Ella Baek

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5
Q

This is the syndrome characterized by excessive secretion of hormones (mainly serotonin) from a specific type of tumor.

A

Carcinoid syndrome

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6
Q

Where are carcinoid tumors usually found (90%)?

A

Terminal ileum

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7
Q

What are the Sx to carcinoid syndrome?

A

facial flushing (histamine), watery diarrhea (serotonin), wheezing, endocardial fibrosis, hepatomegaly

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8
Q

To Dx carcinoid syndrome, levels of what substance is high in the urine?

A

5-HIAA

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9
Q

What drug can u give for carcinoid syndrome?

A

Octerotide

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10
Q

What shows up on the colon walls in laxative abuse?

A

melanosis coli (hyperpigmentation)

ive heard this is a form of bullemia? instead of throwing up people take tons of laxatives to lose weight.

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11
Q

What shows up on barium enema for laxative abuse pt’s?

A

cathartic colon (dilated, hypomotile, and lacking haustra)

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of watery diarrhea in referral centers?

A

laxatives

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13
Q

If you have malabsorbtion of bile due to ileal resection, can you still absorb fats?

A

yes cuz the liver makes more so u absorb them in the supper SI

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14
Q

What is the drug given for bile salt malabsorbtion due to ileal resection?

A

cholestyramin

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15
Q

True or False: in limited ileal resection, one of the patient complains is steatorrhea.

A

FALSE. Remember the liver compensates for limited ileal resections.

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16
Q

So when does a pt complain of steatorrhea in resections?

A

When there is extensive ileal resections, the liver cannot compensate, and malabsorbtion of fats is severe.

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17
Q

Which vitamins will you be deficient in with extensive ileal resection?

A

AEDK

the fat-soluble ones

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18
Q

What is the lifestyle Tx for extensive ileal resection?

A

low fat diet, right in medium chain FA

19
Q

Which type of bacterial infection (toxigenic or invasive) presents with leukocytes in the stool?

A

invasive

20
Q

Which form of toxigenic bacterial diarrhea in which antibiotics clearly shorten the duration of the disease?

A

Vibrio cholera

21
Q

Fever, bloody stools, and fecal leukocytes are the 3 characteristics of what type of bacterial diarrhea?

A

invasive diarrhea

22
Q

Case: pt presents with severe watery diarrhea with rapid onset, and said he just some old mayo on an egg sandwhich. What is the causitive bacteria?

A

S. aureus

23
Q

Should you treat S. aureus infections with antibiotics?

A

No

24
Q

Case: pt presents with watery diarrhea that’s worse than vomiting, states he attended a picnic yesterday with rewarmed food. What is the causitive bacteria?

A

C. perfringens

25
Q

Case: you’re in Peru and decide to eat some ceviche from a shady restaurant. 12 hours later you have massive watery diarrhea. What is the most likely cause?

A

ETEC

26
Q

Should you treat ETEC with antibiotics?

A

yes! like cipro. but more important is electrolytes and hydration.

27
Q

Case: you’re at S&S buffet and 1 hour later you have massive watery diarrhea. What is the most likely agent? (think rice)

A

B. cerus

28
Q

What is the timespan for the slow development of B. cerus (resembling C. perfingens)?

A

8-12hrs

29
Q

Case: a mother rushes into the ER complaining of a floppy baby. she home cans veggies. What is the bug?

A

C. botulinum

30
Q

Case: pt come into the clinic complaing of bloody diarrhea, fever, and bacteremia. He just took a trip to Mexico. What is the most likely bug?

A

Shigella

31
Q

Case: pt ate out at a sushi restaurant and is now complaining of bloody diarrhea and a fever. What is the most likely bug?

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

32
Q

Which bug’s Sx are very similar to Shigella?

A

EIEC

33
Q

Case: pt comes into the clinic complaing of bloody diarrhea. he had a hamburger for dinner last night. What type of E coli could be the cause?

A

EHEC

34
Q

EHEC has a risk factor for what deadly disease?

A

HUS

35
Q

Case: I just made some banana bread (it’s in the over right now. that’s how bad my procrastination is for studying lol) and ate some of the leftover batter that was on the spoon (I did lol). In a little while I have a risk for watery diarrhea and fever from what organism?

A

Salmonella

36
Q

Case: pt comes in complaining of fever, diarrhea, leukocytosis and fecal leukocyts for 1 week. You suspect yersinia entercolitica. What is this disease called?

A

Acute enteritits

37
Q

What are the Sx for chronic enteritis in kids from Y. entercolitica?

A

diarrhea, failure to thrive, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia

38
Q

Where can u get Y. entercolitica?

A

fecal-oral from water and milk

39
Q

What is the gnarly extraintestinal manifestation of Y. entercolitica?

A

nonsupperative arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27)

40
Q

Case: Tonight, if I continue on my train of eating raw poulty products, decide to make chicken sushi. Tomorrow I get bloody stools with leukocytes. I now know that it’s not salmonella as the etiology, but now what other probably bacteria?

A

C. jejuni

41
Q

C. jejuni has an increased risk of what other 2 devastating extraintestinal diseases?

A

HUS and postinfectious arthritis

42
Q

Case: pt presents with necrotizing vasculitis, gangrene and shock from eating shellfish in Tijuana. What bacteria is most likely causitive?

A

V. vulnificus

43
Q

Where can u get aeromonas hydrophilia to cause diarrhea?

A

swimming

“hydrophilia means water loving ya hear?”

Gastrointestinal 2 (13 decks)

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