Physio Questions Flashcards
Angioedema resulting from ACE inhibitors is due to the accumulation of?
Bradykinin
Repeated subcutaneous injections of gradually increasing concentrations of allergens for treatment of allergic rhinitis is
Immunotherapy
Darier’s sign, consisting of urtication and erythema of reddish brown macules or papules in response to trauma is seen in:
Systemic mastocytosis
Soluble proteins that interact with cellular receptors which regulate growth and activation of immune cells and mediate inflammatory/immune responses
Cytokines
Soluble molecules that direct and determine immune cell movement and circulation pathways
Chemokines
This process is defined as the fixation of IgE to human mast cells and basophils, preparing these cells for subsequent antigen-specific activation
Sensitization
The appearance of wheal-and-flare reaction on the site of skin IgE antibody inoculation treated with an antifrn challenge is known as
Prausnitz-Kutsner reaction
Hereditary angioedema, an autosominal dominant disease characterized by attacks of angioedema, is caused by a deficiency in
C1 inhibitor
What is the approximate average loss of body iron content per year in women of child bearing age?
15%
Hemoglobin with altered amino acid sequences resulting in deranged function or altered physical or chemical properties are classified as a structural hemoglobinopathy that includes
Thalassemia
A 62 year old hypertensive, smoker was rushed to the ER because of dizziness noted to be plethoric with erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis. Erythropoietin level is normal, and plasma volume is on the high end of normal. What is your most likely initial impression of this patient?
JAK2 mutation
Polycythemia vera
Exon 12 mutation V617F
Substitution of Phenylalanine for valine at 617
Most common cause of Graft vs Host Disease
Non-autologous bone marrow transplantation
In inflammation, there is a series of events that allow for neutrophils to locate and migrate to the injured area.
Foremost among these, is the devrlopment of low-amplitude attachments to the endothelium that mediate rolling of the neutrophils.
Which of the following substances are stored in the Weibel-Palade bodies of the endothelial cells only and expressed during inflammation to facilitate rolling?
P selectin
First heart sound results from the closing of
Second heart sound results from the closure of
mitral and tricuspid valves
aortic and pulmonic valves
Which of the following white blood cells predominate within 6 to 24 hours after tissue injury?
Neutrophils
Cell organelle responsible important in glycosylation, sulfating, phosphorylation, and limited proteolysis of proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A muscle disease presenting with Christmas cataracts, frontal baldness and a carp mouth and muscle weakness
Myotonic dystrophy
The glycogen storage disease McArdle’s disease results from the deficiency of which enzyme?
muscle phosphorylase
Bernard Soulier Syndrome is a disorder of which cellular component
A defect in platelet-vessel wall interaction
Glycoprotein IB
Inherited autosomal recessive abnormality in either the gene for IIb or the gene for beta 3 glycoprotein IIIa resulting in abnormal platelet GPIIb/IIIa
Defect in platelet-patelet interaction
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Which of the following immune deficiency syndrome is brought about by a decrease in the oxidative burst during the fusion of the phagolysosome?
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
The hormone involved in Verner Morrison Syndrome or WDHAA syndrome
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Gastric tumor arising from the Interstitial Cells of Cajal
Gastrointestinal Stromat Tumor (GIST)
This enzyme is constitutively expressed in the mucosa and contributes to cytoprotection by stimulating gastric mucus, increasing mucosal blood flow and maintaining epithelial barrier cell function
Cyclooxygenase
Hemolysis and vaso-occlusive crisis are common in this form of anemia caused by mutation of glutamic acid to valine at amino acid 6 of beta chain
sickle cell anemia
The pathophysiology of Stiff Man syndrome
Anti-GAD antibodies
The most highly significant predictor of FEV1 in COPD
Pack years of cigarette smoking
The following diseases are associated with lowered diffusing capacity (DLCO),
except:
Emphysema
Pulmonary hypertension
Interstitial lung disease
Congestive heart failure
What is the mechanism of action of Montelukast and Zafirlukast?
Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor inhibition
Two biosenthetic markers for liver disease
Protime
Albumin
The following structure contains voltage-sensitive protein called dihydropyridine receptor of muscle
T tubules
The side-by-side relationship between myosin and actin filaments is achieved by the following
large numbers of filaments molecules of a protein called titin
A pure actin filament without the presence of the troponin-tropomyosin complex binds instantly and strongly with the heads of the myosin molecules in the presence of the following
ATP
Mg ++ ions
The counterpart of troponin in smooth muscles is
Calmodulin
Rimmed vacuoles and ragged red fibers seen in a patient presenting with proximal muscle weakness
Inclusion body myositis
Sickle cell anemia is the clinical manifestation of homozygous genes for an abnormal hemoglobin molecule.
The mutational event responsible for the mutation in the beta chain is:
Point mutation
Myotonia of chloride channelopathy
CLCN1
Thomsen’s disease
Myotonia congenita
Herculean male
Steinert’s disease
Medication known to cause myositis
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
What congenital anomaly is associated with CATCH-22?
Velocardiofacial syndrome
Secondary sensory nerve ending innervating the muscle spindle
Flower-spray ending
Primary sensory nerve ending innervating the muscle spindle
Annulospiral endings
The connective tissue that binds many fascicles of a muscle
Perimysium
A 55 year old with abdominal discomfort and fullness
PE is remarkable for massively enlarged spleen
BM core biopsy reveals numerous cells that have s single round nucleus surrounded by a cytoplasm with fine fibrillary projections
A strain for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) confirms the likely diagnosis
Well known B cell disorder
Burkitt’s lymphoma genetic mutation
C-MYC
t(8;14)
Normal PT and BT
Activated partial thromboplastin time APTT prolonged
Factor VIII deficiency
RBCs following splenectomy from congestive splenomegaly will present with
RBC Howell-Jolly bodies
16 year old, low energy level
Chipmunk facies and palpable spleen tip
BM biopsy: myeloid:erythroid ratio of 1:4 and there is 4+ stainable ironc
xray: Crew cut appearance
Beta thalassemia
A 52 amino acid integral membrane protein that regulates Ca pump in cardiac muscle
Phoshpholamban
The phase of the cardiac cycle where ventricular volume is the lowest
Isovolumentric ventricular relaxation
What is the function of the golgi apparatus:
Formation of lysosomes
The primary controller of cardiac output:
Venous return
Extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation is initiated by
Injury to vascular wall
The classical pathway of complement system is activated by
Antigen antibody complex
IgM or IgG complex to C1
Wasted ventilation occurs when
Perfusion is adequate, ventilation is absent
A physiologic response to high altitude
Increased diffusing capacity
Pathologic:
Dec minute ventilation
Dec pulmonary vascular resistance
Inc tubular reabsorption of HCO3
Clotting factors with a unique amino acid gamma carboxyglutamic acid Gla
Factor II
Factor IX
Factor X
A sympathetic reflex initiated by increased blood in the atria and causes stimulation of the SA node
Bainbridge reflex
The most important determinant of pulse pressure
Stroke volume
A proteolytic enzyme which digests the fibrin fibers in a clot is
Plasmin
Disorders of adhesion
von Willebrand disease
Bernard Soulier Syndrome
Defects in collagen receptors: GP-IcIIa; GPVI
Disorders of aggregation
Congenital afibrinogenemia
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Deficiency or defect in plasma VWF
von Willebrand Disease
Deficiency of plasma fibrinogen
Prolonged BT
Abnormal platelet aggregation with ADP
Congenital afibrinogenemia
Disorder of procoagulant function
Membrane phospholipid defect
Normal platelet aggregation with mucocutaneous bleeding
Scott syndrome
Defect in structural or cytoskeletal components
MYH9 related disorders
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
