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Physiology > Adrenocortical Hormones > Flashcards

Adrenocortical Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal medulla secrete

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Adrenal cortex secretes

A

Corticosteroids:
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgen

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3
Q

Principal mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

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4
Q

Principal glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

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5
Q

The zona glomerulosa secretes

via ensyme

A

Aldosterone

Aldosterone synthase

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6
Q

Aldosterone control is mainly by

A

ECF concentration of angiotensin II

ECF concentration of K

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7
Q

The zona fasciculata with widest layer spanning 75% of cortex secretes

A

Cortisol
Corticosterone
Adrenal androgen (small) and estrogen

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8
Q

Control of cortisol, corticosterone is through

A

ACTH

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9
Q

Deep layer of cortex zona reticularis secretes

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA
androstenedione
Estrogen

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10
Q

Control of DHEA and androstenedione is by

A

ACTH

Cortical androgen-stimulating hormone

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11
Q

Adrenocortical hormones are derived from

A

cholesterol provided by LDL 80%

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12
Q

In the mitochondria, cholesterol is cleaved by the enzyme

To form

A

Cholesterol desmolase

pregnenolone

*rate limiting step of all adrenal steroid formation

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13
Q

90-95% of cortisol is bound to proteins called

A

cortisol-binding globulin

transcortin

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14
Q

ACH are metabolized in the

Conjugated with

and excreted in the kidneys

A

Liver

glucoronic acid and sulfate

Kidney

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15
Q

Loss of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid secretion lead to severe

A

renal NaCl wasting
Hyperkalemia

Death from shock

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16
Q

Cortisol does not normally exert significant mineralocorticoid effect despite avidly binding to renal epithelial cells bec of the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone

A

11B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2

17
Q

Blockage or loss of 11B hydroxysteroid dehy type 2 manifest witth substantial mineralocorticoid effect bec of excess aldosterone like effect despite low levels of latter

A

Apparent mineralocorticoid excess AME

18
Q

AME tx

A

Licorice with glycyrrhetinic acid blocking 11B

19
Q

Return to normal of salt and water excretion by kidneys as result of pressure natriuresis and diuresis despite rise in atrial pressure by aldosterone

A

Aldosterone escape

20
Q

Excess aldosterone drives

A

K into cell causing hypokalemia

severe muscle weakness

21
Q

Aldosterone also acts on sweat, salivary glands and colon by

A

Inc Na reabsorption and promoting K and H ion secretion

22
Q

Spironolactone antagonizes activity of thhe complex

A

Aldosterone-MR

23
Q

Amiloride targets protein inserted into luminal membrane of tubular cell by aldosterone

A

Epithelial sodium ch (ENaC)

24
Q

Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis by

A

1 inc enzymes req to convert AA to glucose in liver

2 mobilization of AA from extrahepatic tissues from muscle

25
Q

Cortisol has this effect on glucose utilization bec of

A

Decreased

Depression of oxidation of NADH to NAD

26
Q

Cortisol can also cause this effect on glucose conc

A

Hyperglycemia due to inc FA leading to insulin resistance

Adrenal diabetes

27
Q

Cortisol has this effect on protein

A

Reduction of protein stores
Except in liver
Muscle wasting
but inc liver and plasma protein

28
Q

Cortisol prevents inflammation by

A

1 stabilizing lysosomal membrane
2 dec permeability of capillary
3 dec migration of WBC into inflamed area and phagocytosis of damaged cell
4 supression of immune system causing dec T cell reproduction
5 attenuation of fever IL1

29
Q

Cortisol exerts its effect by

A

Binding with receptor in cytoplasm and HRC then interacts with regulatory DNA sequence called glucocorticoid response elements to induce or repress gene transcription

30
Q

ACTH acts on adrenal cells by

A

activating adenylate cyclase
Inc cAMP in cytoplasm
Activates intracellular enzyme causing formation of adrenocortical hormones
Activation of Protein Kinase A causing initial conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

31
Q

ACTH also participates in the regulation of skin color as MSH does bec

A

they originate from a larger precursor Proopiomelanocortin POMC

Physiology (23 decks)

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