Cell Components Flashcards
True nucleus with nuclear membrane Linear DNA and RNA G and S phase replication Mitochondria and membrane bound organelle 80s ribosome (60s and 40s) Sterols in membrane
Eukaryote
Plasmemma or plasma membrane
Trilaminar structure or unit membrane
Semi permeable
Cell membrane
Responsible for cellular form and permeability properties
Phospholipid
Act as receptors, ion pumps and enzymes
Proteins
Traverses the cell membrane
Intrinsic protein
Membrane proteins are globular and float like iceberg in a sea of lipid
Fluid Mosaic Model of Singer and Nicholson
Extrinsic protein in hereditary spherocytosis
Spectrin
Ankyrin
Other extrinsic protein
Band3.1
Diagnose hereditary spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
Major role of plasmid
Encodes for exotin
Confers antibiotic resistance
Pili function
attachment bacterial conjugation (transfer of genetic material)
Cell recognition
Histocompatibility
Glycocalyx
Largest organelle of the celle
Contains genetic material of organism
Chromatin
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm
Nucleus
Site of DNA replication and transcription of DNA into precursor RNA molecules
Contains all enzymes required for replication and repair of newly synthesized DNA
Transcription and processing of precursor DNA
Nucleus
3 Zones of Nucleolus
Granular Zone/Pars granulosa
Maturing ribosome
Dense Fibrillar Zone/Pars fibrosa
Active zone
Fibrillar center
Inactive DNA
Active zone of nucleolus
Pars Fibrosa
Dense fibrillar zone
Site of protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulin
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Consists mainly of RNA and protein
Nucleolus
Complex of DNA and proteins (histones)
Heterochromatin vs Euchromatin
Euchromatin - active
Heterochromatin -inactive
Positively charged proteins important in forming the nucleosome and solenoid fibers in chromatin
Histone
All but one X chromosome inactivated
Lyon hypothesis
Disease with barr body
Klinefelter’s syndrome
47 XXY
A patient with Klinefelter’s will have how many barr bodies
1
How many barr bodies would a superfemale have
2
Superfemale
47 XXX
Triple X syndrome
Supermale chromosomal make up
XYY
Immunofluorescence Appearance of DsDNA in SLE
Rim pattern
Command center of cell
Nucleus
Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with what other structure in the cell
ER
Form of chromatin most abundant
Euchromatin
Site of DNA transcription
Nucleus
Responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis
Nucleolus
Form of chromatin transcriptionally inactive
Heterochromatin
Complex of DNA, histone and non-histone proteins
Chromatin
Barr bodies
Heterochromatin
Function of intercrystal space
Circular form of DNA, RNA
Where Kreb’s cycle takes place
Outer membrane of mitochondria is
Porous
Inner membrane of mitochondria is
semipermeable
Principal biochemical activity of mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation
Disease associated with mitochondrial genome defect
Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes MELAS
Mitochondrial disease
Myoclonic epilepsy
Ragged red fibers
MERF
Leigh Syndrome
Males with 47XYY because of extra Y
Extra Y from patient’s father
Jacob syndrome
Lactic acidemia Arrest of psychomotor development Seizures Hypotonia Feeding problem Extraocular palsies
Leigh syndrome
Myoclonus
Seizure
Myopathy
Ragged red fibers on biopsy
Myoclonic epilepsya and ragged red fibers (MERRF)
Synthesis of membrane phospholipid
Synthesis of steroid hormones
Drug detoxification
FA elongation
Calcium fluxes associated with muscle contraction
Metabolism of lipid soluble exogenous drugs and alcohol
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes
Co translational modification of proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Processing Concentration Packaging of proteins Post translational modification Protein sorting
Stacks of membranous cisternae with CIS and TRANS face
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus is important for
Glycosylation
Sulfation
Phosphorylation
Limited proteolysis of proteins
Contains their own set of DNA
Mitochondria
Site of post-translational modification
Golgi apparatus
Sequestration and release of calcium ions in striated muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Consists of large and small subunits
Free ribosome
Synthesis of steroid hormones, phospholipids and TAG
Smooth ER
Protein sorting and packaging
Golgi apparatus
Site of synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane bound protein and lysosomal enzyme
Rough ER
Involved in the production of cOA, TCA, beta oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondria
Drug detoxification
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Very abundant in ovaries, tested and adrenals
Smooth ER
Abundant in neurons
Rough ER
Abundant in pancreas and thyroid
Rough ER
Abundant in red muscle fibers
Mitochondria
Site of protein synthesis destined for the nucleus, peroxisome and mitochondria
Free ribosome
Site of protein synthesis, synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes
Rough ER
Involved in membrane cycling
Golgi apparatus
Round, electron dense bodies
Digestive organelle of the cell
Lysosome
Cell’s garbage disposal system
Lysosome
Contains oxidative enzyme and synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome
Hydrolytic enzyme
Lysosome
Involved in beta oxidation of Long chain fatty acid
Peroxisome
Defective beta oxidation of long chain fatty a
Peroxisomal disorder
Zellweger syndrome
Suicide bag
Lysosome
Peroxisome major enzyme
Catalase
participates in Bile acid synthesis
Peroxisome
Major enzyme in lysosome
Acid hydrolase
Peroxisome enzymes come from
free ribosome
Lysosomal enzyme is produced in the
RER
Carrier for long chain fatty acids so they can reach mitochondria from cytosol
L carnitine
Zellweger syndrome enzyme deficiency
Pipecolate oxidase
Glycogen storage disease involving a defect in lysosomal metabolism
Presents with cardiac failure
Muscle weakness
Pompe disease
Glycogen storage Type II
Pome disease deficient enzyme
Acid maltase
Structural elements of cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Microtubule
Intermediate filament
Composed of fine strands of actin
Diffusely scattered or arranged in bundles
Microfilament
Epithelial cells
SCC
adenocarcinoma
Cytokeratin
Endothelial cell
Vascular smooth muscle
Fibroblast, chondroblast
Vimentin
Skeletal and smooth muscle
Desmin
Neuron intermediate filament
Neurofilament
Glial cell (Astrocyte, oligodendroglia, microglia, Schwann, Ependymal, pituicytes)
Glial Fibrillat acidic protein
GBM GFAP+
Inner membrane of nuclear envelope
Laminins A, B, C
Intermediate filaments are utilized as
tumor markers
Dynamic structure of the cytoskeleton
Arises from the centrosome
Functions
attached to cellular organelles providing means
Microfilament
Microfilament function is inhibited by
Amanita mushroom toxin
alpha amanitin
Hemorrhagic hepatic necrosis
Amanita phalloides
ATPase activity for movement of vesicle (toward axon terminal)
ANTEROGRADE TRANSPORT
Microtubule associated proteins MAP
Cell body -> Axon
Kinesin
ATPase activity toward the minus end (cell body)
RETROGRADE TRANSPORT
Axon -> cell body
Dynein
ATPase activity for elongation of nerve axons
Dynamin
Dynein
Kartagener syndrome
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Ciliary disorder comprising
sinus inversus/dextrocardia
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis
Kartagener’s syndrome
Drug of choice mediterranean fever
Acute gout
Colchicine
Acts on microtubule of cell
Uricosuric drug banned from the market because it will mask banned substances in urine
Probenecid
Anti cancer drug acts on microtubules of cancer cells
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Taxane
Anti-cancer drug acting ob microtubule most toxic to bone marrow
Vinblastine will blast the bone marrow
Taxanes
Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Mitotic inhibitors
What drug acts on microtubules of fungal cells as its MOA
Griseofulvin
Microtubule polymerization defect that results in decreased ability for phagocytosis
Failure of phagolysosome formation
Chediak Higashi Syndrome
Recurrent pyogenic infection
Oculocutaneus Partial albinism
Chediak Higashi syndrome
Body seen in Chediak Hegashi
Remnant of ER
DOHLE bodies
Mutation of Chediak Higashi
LYST gene
lysosomal trafficking regulator gene
Composed of actin
Microfilament
Circularly arranged a and b tubulin proteins
Microtubules
Demosntrate tissue specificity
May be used as Pathologic marker
Intermediate filament
Thinnest of all cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Involved in spindle formation during mitosis and meiosis
Microtubule
Ciliary and flagellat movement
Microtubule
Muscle contraction
Microfilament
organising center for the growth of microtubules of the cytoskeleton
centrosome
Center of activities associated with cell division
Diplosome
Cartwheel configuration
9 triplets of microtubules
Centriole