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Physiology > Cell Components > Flashcards

Cell Components Flashcards

1
Q 
True nucleus with nuclear membrane
Linear DNA and RNA
G and S phase replication
Mitochondria and membrane bound organelle
80s ribosome (60s and 40s)
Sterols in membrane
A

Eukaryote

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2
Q

Plasmemma or plasma membrane
Trilaminar structure or unit membrane
Semi permeable

A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

Responsible for cellular form and permeability properties

A

Phospholipid

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4
Q

Act as receptors, ion pumps and enzymes

A

Proteins

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5
Q

Traverses the cell membrane

A

Intrinsic protein

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6
Q

Membrane proteins are globular and float like iceberg in a sea of lipid

A

Fluid Mosaic Model of Singer and Nicholson

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7
Q

Extrinsic protein in hereditary spherocytosis

A

Spectrin
Ankyrin

Other extrinsic protein
Band3.1

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8
Q

Diagnose hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

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9
Q

Major role of plasmid

A

Encodes for exotin

Confers antibiotic resistance

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10
Q

Pili function

A 
attachment
bacterial conjugation (transfer of genetic material)
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11
Q

Cell recognition

Histocompatibility

A

Glycocalyx

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12
Q

Largest organelle of the celle
Contains genetic material of organism

Chromatin
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Site of DNA replication and transcription of DNA into precursor RNA molecules

Contains all enzymes required for replication and repair of newly synthesized DNA

Transcription and processing of precursor DNA

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

3 Zones of Nucleolus

A

Granular Zone/Pars granulosa
Maturing ribosome

Dense Fibrillar Zone/Pars fibrosa
Active zone

Fibrillar center
Inactive DNA

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15
Q

Active zone of nucleolus

A

Pars Fibrosa

Dense fibrillar zone

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16
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulin

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17
Q

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Consists mainly of RNA and protein

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

Complex of DNA and proteins (histones)

Heterochromatin vs Euchromatin

A

Euchromatin - active

Heterochromatin -inactive

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19
Q

Positively charged proteins important in forming the nucleosome and solenoid fibers in chromatin

A

Histone

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20
Q

All but one X chromosome inactivated

A

Lyon hypothesis

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21
Q

Disease with barr body

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

47 XXY

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22
Q

A patient with Klinefelter’s will have how many barr bodies

A

1

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23
Q

How many barr bodies would a superfemale have

A

2

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24
Q

Superfemale

47 XXX

A

Triple X syndrome

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25
Q

Supermale chromosomal make up

A

XYY

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26
Q

Immunofluorescence Appearance of DsDNA in SLE

A

Rim pattern

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27
Q

Command center of cell

A

Nucleus

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28
Q

Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with what other structure in the cell

A

ER

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29
Q

Form of chromatin most abundant

A

Euchromatin

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30
Q

Site of DNA transcription

A

Nucleus

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31
Q

Responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis

A

Nucleolus

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32
Q

Form of chromatin transcriptionally inactive

A

Heterochromatin

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33
Q

Complex of DNA, histone and non-histone proteins

A

Chromatin

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34
Q

Barr bodies

A

Heterochromatin

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35
Q

Function of intercrystal space

A

Circular form of DNA, RNA

Where Kreb’s cycle takes place

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36
Q

Outer membrane of mitochondria is

A

Porous

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37
Q

Inner membrane of mitochondria is

A

semipermeable

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38
Q

Principal biochemical activity of mitochondria

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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39
Q

Disease associated with mitochondrial genome defect

A

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes MELAS

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40
Q

Mitochondrial disease
Myoclonic epilepsy
Ragged red fibers

A

MERF

Leigh Syndrome

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41
Q

Males with 47XYY because of extra Y

Extra Y from patient’s father

A

Jacob syndrome

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42
Q 
Lactic acidemia
Arrest of psychomotor development
Seizures
Hypotonia
Feeding problem
Extraocular palsies
A

Leigh syndrome

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43
Q

Myoclonus
Seizure
Myopathy
Ragged red fibers on biopsy

A

Myoclonic epilepsya and ragged red fibers (MERRF)

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44
Q

Synthesis of membrane phospholipid
Synthesis of steroid hormones
Drug detoxification
FA elongation
Calcium fluxes associated with muscle contraction
Metabolism of lipid soluble exogenous drugs and alcohol

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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45
Q

Synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes
Co translational modification of proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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46
Q 
Processing
Concentration
Packaging of proteins
Post translational modification 
Protein sorting

Stacks of membranous cisternae with CIS and TRANS face

A

Golgi apparatus

47
Q

Golgi apparatus is important for

A

Glycosylation
Sulfation
Phosphorylation

Limited proteolysis of proteins

48
Q

Contains their own set of DNA

A

Mitochondria

49
Q

Site of post-translational modification

A

Golgi apparatus

50
Q

Sequestration and release of calcium ions in striated muscle

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

51
Q

Consists of large and small subunits

A

Free ribosome

52
Q

Synthesis of steroid hormones, phospholipids and TAG

53
Q

Protein sorting and packaging

A

Golgi apparatus

54
Q

Site of synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane bound protein and lysosomal enzyme

55
Q

Involved in the production of cOA, TCA, beta oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mitochondria

56
Q

Drug detoxification

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

57
Q

Very abundant in ovaries, tested and adrenals

58
Q

Abundant in neurons

59
Q

Abundant in pancreas and thyroid

60
Q

Abundant in red muscle fibers

A

Mitochondria

61
Q

Site of protein synthesis destined for the nucleus, peroxisome and mitochondria

A

Free ribosome

62
Q

Site of protein synthesis, synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes

63
Q

Involved in membrane cycling

A

Golgi apparatus

64
Q

Round, electron dense bodies

Digestive organelle of the cell

65
Q

Cell’s garbage disposal system

66
Q

Contains oxidative enzyme and synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisome

67
Q

Hydrolytic enzyme

68
Q

Involved in beta oxidation of Long chain fatty acid

A

Peroxisome

69
Q

Defective beta oxidation of long chain fatty a

Peroxisomal disorder

A

Zellweger syndrome

70
Q

Suicide bag

71
Q

Peroxisome major enzyme

72
Q

participates in Bile acid synthesis

A

Peroxisome

73
Q

Major enzyme in lysosome

A

Acid hydrolase

74
Q

Peroxisome enzymes come from

A

free ribosome

75
Q

Lysosomal enzyme is produced in the

76
Q

Carrier for long chain fatty acids so they can reach mitochondria from cytosol

A

L carnitine

77
Q

Zellweger syndrome enzyme deficiency

A

Pipecolate oxidase

78
Q

Glycogen storage disease involving a defect in lysosomal metabolism

Presents with cardiac failure

Muscle weakness

A

Pompe disease

Glycogen storage Type II

79
Q

Pome disease deficient enzyme

A

Acid maltase

80
Q

Structural elements of cytoskeleton

A

Microfilament
Microtubule
Intermediate filament

81
Q

Composed of fine strands of actin

Diffusely scattered or arranged in bundles

A

Microfilament

82
Q

Epithelial cells
SCC
adenocarcinoma

A

Cytokeratin

83
Q

Endothelial cell
Vascular smooth muscle
Fibroblast, chondroblast

84
Q

Skeletal and smooth muscle

85
Q

Neuron intermediate filament

A

Neurofilament

86
Q

Glial cell (Astrocyte, oligodendroglia, microglia, Schwann, Ependymal, pituicytes)

A

Glial Fibrillat acidic protein

GBM GFAP+

87
Q

Inner membrane of nuclear envelope

A

Laminins A, B, C

88
Q

Intermediate filaments are utilized as

A

tumor markers

89
Q

Dynamic structure of the cytoskeleton
Arises from the centrosome

Functions
attached to cellular organelles providing means

A

Microfilament

90
Q

Microfilament function is inhibited by

A

Amanita mushroom toxin
alpha amanitin
Hemorrhagic hepatic necrosis
Amanita phalloides

91
Q

ATPase activity for movement of vesicle (toward axon terminal)
ANTEROGRADE TRANSPORT
Microtubule associated proteins MAP

Cell body -> Axon

92
Q

ATPase activity toward the minus end (cell body)
RETROGRADE TRANSPORT

Axon -> cell body

93
Q

ATPase activity for elongation of nerve axons

94
Q

Dynein

A

Kartagener syndrome

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

95
Q

Ciliary disorder comprising
sinus inversus/dextrocardia
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

96
Q

Drug of choice mediterranean fever

Acute gout

A

Colchicine

Acts on microtubule of cell

97
Q

Uricosuric drug banned from the market because it will mask banned substances in urine

A

Probenecid

98
Q

Anti cancer drug acts on microtubules of cancer cells

A

Vinblastine
Vincristine
Taxane

99
Q

Anti-cancer drug acting ob microtubule most toxic to bone marrow

A

Vinblastine will blast the bone marrow

100
Q

Taxanes

A

Paclitaxel
Docetaxel

Mitotic inhibitors

101
Q

What drug acts on microtubules of fungal cells as its MOA

A

Griseofulvin

102
Q

Microtubule polymerization defect that results in decreased ability for phagocytosis

Failure of phagolysosome formation

A

Chediak Higashi Syndrome

103
Q

Recurrent pyogenic infection

Oculocutaneus Partial albinism

A

Chediak Higashi syndrome

104
Q

Body seen in Chediak Hegashi

Remnant of ER

A

DOHLE bodies

105
Q

Mutation of Chediak Higashi

A

LYST gene

lysosomal trafficking regulator gene

106
Q

Composed of actin

A

Microfilament

107
Q

Circularly arranged a and b tubulin proteins

A

Microtubules

108
Q

Demosntrate tissue specificity

May be used as Pathologic marker

A

Intermediate filament

109
Q

Thinnest of all cytoskeleton

A

Microfilament

110
Q

Involved in spindle formation during mitosis and meiosis

A

Microtubule

111
Q

Ciliary and flagellat movement

A

Microtubule

112
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Microfilament

113
Q

organising center for the growth of microtubules of the cytoskeleton

A

centrosome

114
Q

Center of activities associated with cell division
Diplosome
Cartwheel configuration

9 triplets of microtubules

Physiology (23 decks)

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