Neurotransmitters 2 Flashcards
Neuroendocrine cell associated with lung cancer
Kulchitsky cell
Antibiotic contraindicated in MG
Aminoglycoside cause neuromuscular blockade
Tests for MG
Edrophonium Tensilon test
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation (Jolly test) - decremental response
Phenylalanine -> Tyrosine -> L dopa (tyrosine hydroxylase) -> dopamine (dopa decarboxylase)
Metabolism of Catecholamine
Phenylalalnine -> Tyrosine by the enzyme
Phenyl Alanine Hydroxylase
Needs tetrahydrobiopterin
Cofactor deficient in PKU
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Black urine
Alkaptopnuria
Phenylalanine hydroxylase disease
albinism
Locus ceruleus neurotransmitter
NE
Chromatin of pheochromocytoma
salt and pepper chromatin
Medullary thyroid
Pheochromocytoma
Parathyroid
MEN2A
Sipple’s syndrome
Clinical feature associated with Pheochromocytoma
Headache
Profuse sweating
Palpitations and tachycardia
Hypertension
Tryptophan -> 5 hydroxytryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase
5 hydroxytryptophan -> 5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) by enzyme 5 hydroxytryptamine decarboxylase
Serotonin metabolism
Serotonin is secreted by
GI enterochromaffin cells (90%)
Platelets
Brain
Sythesized from tryptophan (in diet)
Involved in mood, sleep, appetite, sex
Imbalance leads to depression and anxiety
Serotonin
Role in anxiety / depression serotonin receptor
5HT-1A
Role in migrane serotonin receptor
5HT-1D
Role in nausea and vometing esp due to chemotherapy -> ondansetron
Serotonin receptor
5-HT3
Carcinoid tumor chemotherapeutic drug
Capacetabine (Xeloda)
Doxorubicin
Streptozocin
Streptozocin is best for
Insulinoma
Treat depression, panic disorders, social phobia and depression with atypical features
Blocks MOA Enzyme responsible for breaking down tyramine
Selegeline
MAO inhibitors
Glutamate -> GABA by enzyme
Glutamate decarboxylase
Plays an important role in the body’s disposal of excess or waste nitrogen
Ammonia as ammonium is then excreted predominantly as urea synthesized in the liver
Glutamate
Excess NT in ALS
Glutamate
SOD
Inclusion body ALS
Bunina bodies
ALS targets
anterior horn cells
Blocks glutamatergic and NMDA receptors
Riluzole
Injectable antioxidant free radical scavenger
ALS
Edaravone (Radicava)
Parkinsonism
Dysautonomia
Multiple systems atrophy
Shy Drager Syndrome
Parkinsonism
Jack knife brain
Dementia
Frontotemporal Dementia
Pick’s Disease
Inclusion body in Alzheimer’s
Hiruna
Toxin that blocks Na channel
Tetradotoxin
Saxitoxin
Mackarel poison
Scromboid
Toxin that blocks K channels of neuron
Tetraethylammonium
Botulinum toxin acts on
SNAP 25 Synaptosomal association protein 25 - Botox A
Snare protein
Toxin by algal bloom
Pfeisteria
Depletes Ach
Hemicholinium
Omega 3 fatty acid for dyslexia
ALA Alphalinolenic acid (dyslexia)
EPA Eicosapentanoic acid
DHA Docosahexaneoic acid
Parinaud’s syndrome
Pinealoma