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Somatosensory System > Physio exam 5 Set 1 > Flashcards

Physio exam 5 Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva made from plasma

A

Initially Isotonic

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2
Q

Saliva final secretion modified in

A

Duct (absorption-hypotonic)

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3
Q

Saliva: at high flow rates

A

Approach plasma composition

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4
Q

At low flow rates

A

More hypotonic- absorption

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5
Q

Functions of saliva are:

A

amount and composition dependent (Na, K,Cl, HCO3, H)
and dependent on body volume homeostasis and kidney function

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6
Q

Xerostomia

A

dry mouth, reduced pH, less HCO3-

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7
Q

Sialadenitis

A

inflammation of salivary gland(mostly serous)
- contamination of salivary ducts by oral cavity bacteria, or stasis of salivary flow,

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8
Q

Sialorrhoea

A

-uncontrolled drooling/excess saliva
- from poor swallowing or excess secretion
- due to parasympathetic stimulation

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9
Q

GFR- 120ml per min

A

CKD- GFR reduced 60%
40-50ml a min

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10
Q

Compromised Kidney Function - Salivary flow decreased

A

Na, K, Ca, Po4, goes up
UREA goes UP ALOT
Bicarbonate unchanged

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11
Q

Change the concentration of water in saliva by changing

A

NaCl !!

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12
Q

ESRD

A

Urea goes up, Creatine, Na, pH becomes slightly acidic

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13
Q

Glomerulus

A

Site of filtration, from blood into the kidneys

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14
Q

Peritubular Cappilaries

A

surround nephron tubule, responsible for reabsorption

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15
Q

Loop

A

Concentrates urine because flow in opposite directions

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16
Q

Shallow Nephrons

A

glomerulus start at the cortex go a bit into the medullary region

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17
Q

Deep Nephrons

A

glomeruli are deeper but the loops are longer and go deeper into the medullary region
- Lower water conc. Outside between cells and are able to absorb more water and concentrate more urine.

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18
Q

Proximal Tubule

A

Brush Border, microvilli, mitochondria
- MAJORITY OF ABSORPTION occurs, ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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19
Q

Loop

A

passive movement depends on conc. and comp. or water in the interstitial

20
Q

Ascending

A

Larger cells, more mito

21
Q

Collecting Duct

A

Fewer Mitoc, mitochondrial ridge cell
- regulates acid/base secretion affecting pH of urine and plasma.

22
Q

Early Part

A
  • absorb more, secret more, higher rate, more mitochondria
23
Q

Latter Parts

A
  • Don’t move as many molecules, site of hormonal regulation for sodium and water absorption.
24
Q

Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells (JG Cells)

A
  • Pressure Sensor
  • release Renin activating RAAS Angiotensin system
    -Sense volume indirectly
25
Q

RAAS

A
  • potent vasoconstrictors, antidiuretic and antinaturetic
26
Q

Macula Densa Cells (MD Cells)

A
  • Chemical Sensors
  • Sense sodium and chloride dissolved in water
27
Q

Hydrostatic differences

A

CO in the peripheral resistance

28
Q

Osmotic Differences

A

Pressure Caused by an imbalance in water concentration

29
Q

Total body water

A

60%
42L

30
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

20%
14L

31
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

40%
28L

32
Q

Plasma

A

1/4 of Extracellular Fluid
3.5L

33
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

3/4 of ECF
10.5 L

34
Q

(Hct) Hematocrit

A
  • changes with fluid change
35
Q

Hct

A

% Volume of RBC in Blood

36
Q

Hct Males

A

40-54 mL/dL

37
Q

Hct Females

A

37-47 mL/dL

38
Q

Hypotonic

A

Cell SWELL

39
Q

Hypertonic

A

Cell Shrivels

40
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Pressure Difference
- Volume Difference Plasma & Interstitium

41
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Pressure difference in concentration difference everywhere

42
Q

Sharp decrease in vascular pressure

A

Afferent and Efferent Arterioles

43
Q

High hydrostatic pressure is maintained along :

A

glomerular capillary

44
Q

Albumin - 1 millimolar difference

A

Large Proteins - 25 or so millimolar pressure difference

45
Q

Osmotic and Oncotic pressure difference

A

Occur in different directions

Oncotic Pres. - main driving force amongst capillaries

46
Q

Renal Water Movement
- Epithelial

A

3 Compartments
- Lumen Facing, Blood Facing, Intracellular

Somatosensory System (24 decks)

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