Neurological Disorders and Dental Care Flashcards
Polio
Spinal Cord
ALS
Spinal Cord + Motor Cortex
Cerebral Palsy
Motor System
Basal Ganglia/dopamine diseases
(motor system/psychiatric)
Cerebellar Disease/damage
Motor System
Childhood onset =
developmental disability
Cervical Spine Instability in DS
Atlanto-axial Subluxation
- too much movement at the joint between the skull and cord
- (danger of spinal cord injury)
Grand Mal = Tonic Clonic
(Types of Seizure )
Generalized Motor
Petit mal = absence (childhood)
NON MOTOR IN CHILDREN that is outgrown
- (look like staring spells)
Focal Seizures
2 Types
Focal Aware and Focal Impaired
Focal Aware
movement or sensory experience with no loss of consciousness or postural control.
- restricted to motor control
Focal Impaired
Patients are not fully conscious, may not remember the seizure.
Status Epilepticus
- seizure longer than 5 minutes or repeated with no recovery in between.
AED side effects
Anti epileptic drugs
- sedation, weight gain/loss,
- Dilantin can cause gingival overgrowth
AED side effects
Anti epileptic drugs
- sedation, weight gain/loss,
- Dilantin can cause gingival overgrowth
Epilepsy Treatments : Brain Surgery
Remove seizure focus
Cut corpus callosum: axons interconnecting the two hemispheres to prevent abnormal activity spreading from one hemisphere to the other.
Hemispherectomy - young children
Epilepsy Treatment: VNS
Vagal nerve stimulator,
- delivers electrical stimulation to the brain via the vagus nerve.
Multiple Sclerosis (what happens in the CNS)
- Loss of myelin
- Replaced with Scar tissues (Sclerosis)
- Risk of MS increased dramatically after infection with Epstein Bar Virus
MS and Pregnancy
- Pregnancy reduces the number of ms exacerbations with an increase in naturally occurring immunosuppressants.
Typical Alzheimers Disease: genetic contribution- apolipoprotein E (3 forms )
APOE e2- least common, reduce the risk of AD
APOE e3- most common doesn’t affect the risk in either direction
APOE e4- little more common, increase the risk of AD
Dementia Causes
(not only AD)
- Vascular dementia - impaired blood supply (stroke or smaller bleeds/blockages)
- Lewy bodies - abnormal accumulations of protein
- Mixed
AD treatments
-Aricept- keep acetylcholine levels high by blocking enzymes that degrade it.
- Namenda - blocks one class of glutamate, too much glutamate may cause cell damage
