Physio Exam 4 Lec. 3 Pt 2 Flashcards
RQ (Respiratory Quotient)
200/250 (CO2 evolved volume / O2 Consumed Volume)
Pulmonary Hypertension
H.Pres, Pulm art >25mmHg
- Decrease flow to the lungs
- Decrease oxygen level
CHF
- Weak Heart Muscle
- Blood back up (Decreased CO)
- Fluid build up in the lungs
Decreased O2 and CO2 flow - shortness of breath.
Obstructive disease
-Difficulty EXHALATION
- RESISTIVE effects
-COPD and Asthma
Restrictive Disease
- Difficulty INHALATION
- COMPLIANCE effects
- Interstitial lung disease, Phenumonia, ARDS
Obstructive Disease
- Difficulty Exhaling
Flow restriction because
- Interstitial Fibrosis
- Muscle Constriction
- Edema
Treatment of Asthma
- Trigger Avoidance
- Inhaled Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
- Long acting B2-adrenergic agonist (dilatory)
(stimulation of the sympathetic)
COPD/Emphysema-1
- OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE
- DIFFICULTY EXHALATION
effect ALVEOLI - effects Gas Exchange
COPD/Emphysema 2
- OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE
- Excess Mucus
- Alveolar damage - Surfactant Emphysema
- Terminal bronchiole irritation
Small airway disease
(Chronic Bronchitis)
- airway fibrosis & Mucus Plugs
- Increased airway resistance
- bronchioles
Parenchymal (gas exchange tissue destruction ) (emphysema)
- Loss of elasticity, alveoli and alveolar attachments
COPD
INCREASE in MUCUS
- Increase in SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRATION
Emphysema : Air Trapping
HYPERINFLATION
- Increased Residual Volume and overinflated lungs
-loss of elasticity (damaged walls)
COPD Pharmacological
- Long term administration of oxygen>15 H/D for patents with severe hypoxemia
- Lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant
Restrictive Disease
- Difficulty Inhaling
- Alveolar anomalies
(Parenchymal and extra-parenchymal )
Major Restrictive Lung Disease
Increased Work of breathing,
Decreased Diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to blood causes hypoxemia.
- ARDS, Interstitial Distress Syndrome, Obesity, Scoliosis
Obstructive Disorders
Reduction in airflow
- Diff. Exhalation
- Air will remain in the lung after expiration
- COPD, ASTHMA, and BRONHIECTASIS
(Increased Lung Volume)
Restrictive Disorders
Reduction in lung volume
- Diff Inhalation
- Due to stiffness inside the lung tissue/chest cavity wall
- Interstital lung disease, scoliosis, neuromuscular cause, Marked Obesity.
(Decreased Lung Volume)
Diagnosis of ARDS/Restrictive Diseases
- Lung function tests/Spirometry showing decreased FVC and FEV
- Decreased TLC
imaging/scan airways.
Mechainsms of ARDS
- Epithelial and endothelial barrier damage and edema - reducing compliance
- excess fluid dilutes surfactants- further reducing compliance
- Hypoxemia
Treatment of ARDS
- Relief by positive pressure ventilation to prevent alveolar collapse by decreased compliance.
- oxygen therapy
Compensation in Obstructive Diseases :
Fewer Deep Breaths
Compensation in Restrictive Diseases:
More Shallow Breaths
