Physio Exam 4 Lec. 3 Pt 2

Question 1

RQ (Respiratory Quotient)

Answer 1

200/250 (CO2 evolved volume / O2 Consumed Volume)

Question 2

Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 2

H.Pres, Pulm art >25mmHg
- Decrease flow to the lungs
- Decrease oxygen level

Question 3

CHF

Answer 3

• Weak Heart Muscle
• Blood back up (Decreased CO)
• Fluid build up in the lungs
  Decreased O2 and CO2 flow - shortness of breath.

Question 4

Obstructive disease

Answer 4

-Difficulty EXHALATION
- RESISTIVE effects

-COPD and Asthma

Question 5

Restrictive Disease

Answer 5

• Difficulty INHALATION
• COMPLIANCE effects
• Interstitial lung disease, Phenumonia, ARDS

Question 6

Obstructive Disease
- Difficulty Exhaling

Answer 6

Flow restriction because
- Interstitial Fibrosis
- Muscle Constriction
- Edema

Question 7

Treatment of Asthma

Answer 7

• Trigger Avoidance
• Inhaled Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
• Long acting B2-adrenergic agonist (dilatory)
  (stimulation of the sympathetic)

Question 8

COPD/Emphysema-1
- OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE

Answer 8

• DIFFICULTY EXHALATION
  effect ALVEOLI
• effects Gas Exchange

Question 9

COPD/Emphysema 2
- OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE

Answer 9

• Excess Mucus
• Alveolar damage - Surfactant Emphysema
• Terminal bronchiole irritation

Question 10

Small airway disease
(Chronic Bronchitis)

Answer 10

• airway fibrosis & Mucus Plugs
• Increased airway resistance
• bronchioles

Question 11

Parenchymal (gas exchange tissue destruction ) (emphysema)

Answer 11

• Loss of elasticity, alveoli and alveolar attachments

Question 12

COPD

Answer 12

INCREASE in MUCUS
- Increase in SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRATION

Question 13

Emphysema : Air Trapping

Answer 13

HYPERINFLATION
- Increased Residual Volume and overinflated lungs
-loss of elasticity (damaged walls)

Question 14

COPD Pharmacological

Answer 14

• Long term administration of oxygen>15 H/D for patents with severe hypoxemia
• Lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant

Question 15

Restrictive Disease

Answer 15

• Difficulty Inhaling
• Alveolar anomalies
  (Parenchymal and extra-parenchymal )

Question 16

Major Restrictive Lung Disease

Answer 16

Increased Work of breathing,
Decreased Diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to blood causes hypoxemia.
- ARDS, Interstitial Distress Syndrome, Obesity, Scoliosis

Question 17

Obstructive Disorders

Answer 17

Reduction in airflow
- Diff. Exhalation
- Air will remain in the lung after expiration
- COPD, ASTHMA, and BRONHIECTASIS
(Increased Lung Volume)

Question 18

Restrictive Disorders

Answer 18

Reduction in lung volume
- Diff Inhalation
- Due to stiffness inside the lung tissue/chest cavity wall
- Interstital lung disease, scoliosis, neuromuscular cause, Marked Obesity.
(Decreased Lung Volume)

Question 19

Diagnosis of ARDS/Restrictive Diseases

Answer 19

• Lung function tests/Spirometry showing decreased FVC and FEV
• Decreased TLC

imaging/scan airways.

Question 20

Mechainsms of ARDS

Answer 20

• Epithelial and endothelial barrier damage and edema - reducing compliance
• excess fluid dilutes surfactants- further reducing compliance
• Hypoxemia

Question 21

Treatment of ARDS

Answer 21

• Relief by positive pressure ventilation to prevent alveolar collapse by decreased compliance.
• oxygen therapy

Question 22

Compensation in Obstructive Diseases :

Answer 22

Fewer Deep Breaths

Question 23

Compensation in Restrictive Diseases:

Answer 23

More Shallow Breaths