PHYSIO Flashcards
1
Q
Bloody discharges is normaly seen in what stage of estrous cycle in cow?
A
METESTRUS
2
Q
What animal during estrus stage ang maamoy, at dinadayo siya ng neighboring animals.
A
DOG
3
Q
Facilitated diffusion of substrates across cell membranes:
A
IS ALWAYS A FORM OF COTRANSPORT
4
Q
What is the required electrical activity to fire an action potential?
A
–55mv
5
Q
Questions about property to cause action potential
A
EXCITABILITY
6
Q
Site for blood filtration.
A
GLOMERULUS
7
Q
What happens during inspiration?
A
PUSHES AIR INWARD
8
Q
What happens during expiration?
A
PUSHES AIR OUTWARD
9
Q
Primary site for the exchange of gases?
A
ALVEOLI
10
Q
Sound produces during closure of mitral and tricuspid valve?
A
1st sound
11
Q
Sound produces involving semilunar valves?
A
2nd sound
12
Q
The major source of water in the ruminoreticulum of normal cattle is?
A
SALIVA
13
Q
A NEUROSECRETION ?
A
ADH
14
Q
The most essential agent for stimulation od secretion of HCL by parietal cells?
A
HISTAMINE
15
Q
The chapter determinant of resistance to flow of chime in the SI?
A
OSMOLARITY
16
Q
ERYTHROCYTE
A
The most numerous blood cells?
17
Q
a substance released by sweat glands that produced vasodilation
A
BRADYKININ
18
Q
In cells, Vitamin E acts as
A
ANTIOXIDANT
19
Q
Defintion of Parturition……
A
the action of giving birth to young; childbirth.
“the weeks following parturition”
20
Q
Single bearing.
A
Monotoccus ( 2 questions asked
21
Q
Parasympathetitc stimulation of salivary glands, the saliva is rich in?
A
MUCIN
22
Q
enhance Digestion.
A
PARASYMPATHETIC
23
Q
Plasma cation with the greatest turnover during egg production,
A
CALCIUM
24
Q
PROGESTERONE action.
A
Progesterone has a central role in reproduction, being involved in ovulation, implantation, and pregnancy.
25
PROESTRUS definition
a preparatory period immediately preceding estrus and characterized by growth of graafian follicles, increased estrogenic activity, and alteration of uterine and vaginal mucosa.
26
Which of the following is an androgen?
TETOSTERONE
27
- introduction of sperm into uterus?
EMMISION
28
Location of Spermatogenesis?
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
29
Average maturity of Cattle?
a. 7-9 months?
b. 8-9 months?
c. 10-12 months?
c?
30
Induced Ovulator.
RABBIT
31
Waste disposal unit.
LYSOSOME
32
If the pk of the weak base is 2 units more than the PH of the solution, the ration of ionized form
to the nonionized form is?
100:1
33
Groups of related cells that are linked together to form?
TISSUE
34
Functional unit of the body?
ORGANS
35
Blood coagulation? POSITIVE FEEDBACK
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
36
The immediate inducer of the GCC secretion by adrenal cortex----
CORTICOTROPIN ( 2
| same questions asked)
37
T Tubule is connected to
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
38
Most important function of the digestive tract?
ABSORPTION
39
Portion of the digestive tract with least absorptive function?
MOUTH
40
The gut can contract even outside the influence of the CNS because of this---
MYENTERIC
| PLEXUS
41
COLOSTRUM is absorbed by:
PINOCYTOS
42
The enzyme invertase digest?
CANE SUGAR
43
The digestive secretion that does not contain a digestive enyme?
a. bile
b. pancreatic juice
c. saliva
d. gastric juice
----BILE , accdg to recency
44
In motor neurons, excitability increases with the?
SIZE OF MOTOR UNIT
45
Most likely to produce instant death?
BRAINSTEM
46
BLOOD is composed of.
CELLS AND PLASMA
47
Energy metabolism.
MITOCHONDRIA
48
Plasma bilirubin.
MADE SOLUBLE BY ALBUMIN
49
As compared with colostrums produced on the second day of lactation, the colostrum produced
at first day contains?
MORE PROTEIN
50
Filtering , Humidifying , Warming of inspired air?
NASAL PASSAGES
51
not a function of Mesemtery.
AIDS IN DIGESTION
52
Myelination of neuroaxon result in this.
REDUCED TIME CONSTANT
53
In post hepatic jaundice the predominant form of BILIRUBIN in the blood is?
FREE
54
The universal currency of cell.
ATP ONLY
55
The building block of the body.
CELL
56
The endogenous GCC are CORTISOL and _______?
a. cortisone
b. corticosterone
a. cortisone
57
Lysozymes in food?
REDUCE THE BACTERIAL CONTENT OF INGESTED FOOD
58
A hormone that inhibits prolactin?
DOPAMINE
59
In ruminants, eructation results in passage of rumen gases ?
INTO THE LUNGS
60
The volume of distribution of this subsance approximates plasma volume?
ALBUMIN
61
In blood transfusion, a reaction between the recipient blood and donor blood is due to
incompatibilities between:
--------
ERYTHROCYTES OF RECIPIENT AN PLASMA DONOR
62
The PH of the saliva in most mammals is?
SLIGHTLY ALKALINE
63
Megalobalstic anemia?
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
64
Flehmen except.
BOAR
65
nonseasonally polyestrus and has an estrous cycle lasting 21 days?
COW
66
Somatic motor unit?
A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND ALL MUSLCES INNERVATED
67
Seasonally polyestrous and has an estous cycle lasting 17 days?
EWE
68
Cells do not require insulin for glucose uptake?
NEURONS
69
Affects salivary flow?
Tongue? Saliva?
70
Affects salivary flow 2nd question
Salivary gland? Mandibular gland?
71
Haploid of sheep
27
72
Dog seminal fluid source
a. Seminal vesicle only
b. Prostate gland only
c. Both
b. Prostate gland only
73
Standing heat of cow
The average duration of standing heat is 15 to 18 hours, but heat duration may vary from 8 to 30 hours among cows. An estrous cow usually stands to be mounted 20 to 55 times during her estrous period.
74
Gilt gestation period?
114 days
75
Mammary gland most developed
Pregnancy, lactation
76
Theca interna, which receptor is present
LH producing estrogen?
77
Induced ovulator
a. Rabbit
b. Rat
c. Mare
d. Bitch
All except bitch.. But Rabbit is more specific
78
Which is androgen?
a. Testosterone
b. estrogen
a. testosterone and androstenedione
79
Immediate inducer of glucocorticoids
Stress
80
Role of aldosterone
K secretion and Na reabsorption
81
Parasympathetic stimulation example
Salivation: As part of its rest-and-digest function, the PSNS stimulates production of saliva, which contains enzymes to help your food digest.
Lacrimation: Lacrimation is a fancy word for making tears. Tears keep your eyes lubricated, preserving their delicate tissues.
82
Saturation kinetics
Saturation kinetics refers to the situation of an enzyme reaction reaching a maximal
velocity at high levels of S. All of the E present is present as E.S, so the maximum
amount of E.S is formed. Since the rate is proportional to the amount of E.S, the rate is
at a maximum value. The enzyme is said to be saturated with S
83
Active transport?
Electrogenic etc
84
Main function of digestive tract
Absorption? Digestion?
85
Which is not part of skin gland?
a. Mammary
b. sebaceous
c. sweat
d. accessory
d. accessory
86
Major source of water in ruminoreticulum in cattle
Saliva
87
2nd heart sound is produced by closure of
Pulmonary and aortic valve
88
Ratio of ionized form to non-ionized form
100:1
89
Group of related cells linked together to form
Tissue
90
Functional unit of the body
Organs
91
Building blocks of the body
Cell
92
Gut contraction outside of the influence of CNS
Myenteric plexus
93
Absorption of colostrum
Pinocytosis
94
Blood component
Plasma and cell
95
Half-life of monocytes
3 days?
96
Vessels that carry blood with high amount of C02?
Vena cava
97
Spermatogenesis took place in
Seminiferous tubule
98
Universal currency of energy
ATP only
99
NPN converted to protein in.
Rumen
100
Endogenous GCC together with cortisol
Corticosterone
101
Most numbered cells in blood
RBC
102
Intertwining of vein and artery of uterus.
a. Cool ovary
b. Suspend ovary
c. Pass PGF2a
d. pass sperm into ovary
c. Pass PGF2a
103
Pressure of bull penis
Answer with “sea level”
104
Sodium pumps of cell
Transport potassium into cells
105
Rennin
Milk coagulation protein
106
Renin
Secreted active enzyme (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
107
First heart sound
Closure of tricuspid and mitral valve
108
To increase Ca absorption from small intestine, parathoromone directly activates or enhances ___
Kidney conversion to active Vit D
109
Saliva of dog VS ruminant
Ruminant has more Bicarbonate
110
What disintegrates the food in the mouth of the animal?
a. Saliva,
b. taste buds,
c. cravings,
d. stomach
a. Saliva,
111
Saliva is
a. Slightly acidic
b. Slightly alkaline
c. more alkaline
d. more acidic
a. Slightly acidic
112
In cells, Vit E
Acts as antioxidant
113
Eructation results in passage of rumen gas.
a. Out through nose
b. Out through mouth
c. Out through nose and mouth
d. into lungs
b. Out through mouth
114
Compared to colostrum produced on the 2nd day of lactation, colostrum on 1st day contains?
a. More lactose
b. less lipid
c. Less protein
d. Less sodium
e. More protein
e. More protein
115
Uteroverdin, a green pigment associated with fetal membranes of dogs is.
Derived from haemoglobin
116
Chylomicrons
Intestinal absorptive cells
117
Enzyme released by chief cells
Pepsinogen
118
Major part of airway resistance
Larynx?
119
Hypothyroidism
Addison; DOG
120
Hyperthyroidism
Cushing CAT
121
Which part of CNS initiates conscious movement of the body?
Cerebrum
122
Oxygen crosses cell membranes through
Simple diffusion
123
Na-K pump
2 potassium in
| 3 sodium out
124
Chondrocyte vs chondroblast?
- chondroblasts are immature cartilage cells found near the perichondrium
- chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells found embedded within the extracellular matrix
125
Osteoblast vs osteocytes?
OSTEOCYTES are cells inside the bone. They also come from osteoblasts. Some of the osteoblasts turn into osteocytes while the new bone is being formed, and the osteocytes then get surrounded by new bone. They are not isolated, however, because they send out long branches that connect to the other osteocytes.
126
Not characteristic of hyperthyroidism in cat?
Older cat, weight gain, polyphagia, mass palpable at the neck area
127
Serum testosterone level of a cryptorchid horse?
Check state board
128
Diffuse placenta
Pig, horse
129
Cotelydonary
Cattle
130
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. The system is mainly comprised of the three hormones renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Primarily it is regulated by the rate of renal blood flow.
131
Invertase
Sugar cane
132
0.300 osm
Plasma
133
Receptor of cholera toxin
Glycocalyx
134
Start of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth of which animal
a. Pig
b. Cattle
c. Cat
d. Dog
-In a Simple-Gutted Animal (SGA) digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth and continues in the bolus inside the stomach if the animal possesses salivary amylase (present in humans, some birds, the rat, but not in farm animals).
135
Which of the following is the final digestion of carbohydrates?
a. mouth
b. small intestine
c. brush border
b. small intestine
136
Increased excitability of peripheral nerve axons
increased diameter
137
Cranial nerve major branches
trigeminal nerve—the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2) and the mandibular nerve (V3)
138
Increased contractility of heart due to increased heart rate
ascending staircase
139
Transverse and lateral movements
lipids (fatty acids)
140
Bound by 2 membrane
nucleus and mitochondria
141
Questions in blood transfusion
plasma of donor, erythrocyte of recipient
142
Chloride shift
Plasma NaHCO3
143
specific proteases
Inactivates pancreatic enzymes
144
Send signal away from the soma
axon
145
Structure of ovum to be penetrated by sperm
Zona pellucida
146
Sperm volume in dog
300 million
147
Milk protein
Casein
148
Renal function begins in calf at?
birth
149
Organ of vision
Eyes
150
Stages of parturition
Dilation, Expulsion, and Placental.
151
Induce deep inspiration .
a. Apneustic center
b. Pneumotaxic center –inhibit inspiration
c. Ventral respiratory
d. Dorsal respiratory
Apneustic center
152
Gestation of pig
Ave: 115 days
Range: 111-120 days
153
Gestation of sheep
152 days
154
Estrus cycle of sheep
Length of the estrous cycle in sheep is on average 17 days but can vary between 14 and 19 days. Average duration of estrus is 24 to 36 hours, with ovulation occurring toward the end of estrus or approximately 24 hours after the onset of estrus
155
Beta cell
Insulin
156
Filtering, humidifying, warming air
Nasal passages
157
Sugar cane broken down into simplier form
a. glucose
b. sucrose
c. maltose
d. galactose
a. glucose
158
Maturation of sperm in which it develops a tail
Spermiation (2 qts)
159
Body’s state of internal NON-equilibrium despite the changing environment (note that they just edited the classic definition of “homeostasis” READ CAREFULLY)
a. Homeostasis
b. Entropy
b. Entropy
160
Pig semen concentration.
a. 270 million
b. 100 million (2 qts)
a. 270 million
161
Questions about the physiology of the mammary gland (3-4 qts).
Purpose of furstenberg’s rosette and others
The Furstenberg's rosette is located in the internal streak canal of the teat. ... It often is considered a barrier for pathogens, yet it offers little resistance to milk leaving the teat.
162
Is situated at the internal end of the streak canal. It has a protective leukocyte population which are thought to leave he teat wall and enter the cistern via ___________. It contains bactericidal cationic proteins (eg. ubiquitin).
Furstenberg's Rosette
163
Animal that can start carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
Pig
164
Questions about avian reproductive physiology
| Why are ovarian arteries positioned next to a certain vein? (general thought only)
kasi they release unoxygenated blood and recieve the oxygenated ones
165
How is the temperature of the avian testes regulated inside the body?
The testicular blood supply in avian species is less
complex than that found in mammals (see Nishida,
1964). This is partly because birds have no pampiniform plexus, which in mammals is a countercurrent
mechanism to maintain testes temperature below body
temperature. Blood flows to each testis from the abdominal aorta, via a common trunk with the anterior
renal artery, to the testicular artery (Figure 19-2). This
testicular artery subsequently branches to form numerous smaller arteries that intertwine among the seminiferous tubules. There may also be an accessory testicular artery, which, when present, branches directly from
the aorta. Venous flow occurs via superficial veins,
which successively merge to form the testicular vein
and empty directly into the posterior vena cava. Lymphatic vessels to the testis have not been well characterized, but are present within Leydig cells (see Lake,
1981).
166
How long does it take the protein membrane components to complete transverse movement?
Never happens (protein comp are capable of only lateral movt)
167
Membrane component that has both lateral and transverse movt.
Lipid, protein, glycoprotein, or carbohydrate (protein comp only have lateral movt while lipid comp has both lateral and transverse)
168
Which is not true about kartagener syndrome?
a. May be treated with vincristine
b. Congenital
c. Related to microtubules
d. NOTA
d. NOTA
169
What is kartagener syndrome?
Kartagener's syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder comprising the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The basic problem lies in the defective movement of cilia, leading to recurrent chest infections, ear/nose/throat symptoms, and infertility.
170
Alkaline tide is caused by.
Acid secretion
171
Method of absorption of colostrum.
Pinocytosis
172
Gestation period of horse (2 qts)
11 – 12 months / 320 to 362 days
pero sa leap is a. 335-342 days
173
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin?
a. Amino acid
b. HCl
b. HCl
174
Disease in defect of hypothalamus?
a. Hypogonadism
b. Precocious puberty
c. Amenorrhea
d. All
d. All
175
Hormone to be withdrawn to let milk synthesis after parturition?
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. LH
b. Progesterone
176
Chloride shift?
Bicarbonate
177
Bicabonate?
Neutralize acid chyme from duodenum
178
Bicabonate? (Same question and almost same choices with last question except for neutralization)
Neutralize trypsin…
179
Free end gland?
Apocrine
180
Gestation of horse?
a. 335-342 days
b. 343-350 days
a. 335-342 days
pero sa mare site is 11 – 12 months / 320 to 362 days
181
Kartegener’s syndrome, which is TRUE? Refer to Stateboard.
a. Congenital
b. Related to microtubulin
c. Can be treated with vincristine
d. All
d. All
182
Single peculiar blunt end normal in RBC of what animal?
a. Dog
b. Cat
c. Pig
d. Goat
b. Cat
183
Howell-Jolly bodies are present normally in RBC of what animal?
a. Goat
b. Pig
c. Chicken
d. Cat
c. Chicken
184
Heinz bodies?
Hb concentration
185
Cause will likely result diabetic dog to coma?
a. Dehydration
b. Acidosis
c. Ketosis
d. All
d. All
186
General Somatic Efferent proprioception is present in?
a. Joint
b. Cartilage
c. Bone
d. All three
d. All three
187
Immunoglobulin in colostrum?
a. IgA
b. IgG
a. IgA
188
Estrus cycle of sheep?
19 days
189
Gestation period of rabbit?
A.30 days
B. 31 days
C. 13 days
D. 28 days
B. 31 days
190
Gestation period of goats?
a. 145 days
b. 160 days
c. 150 days
d. 120 days
c. 150 days
191
Gestation period of pig?
a. 120 days
b. 114 days
c. 130 days
d. 125 days
b. 114 days
192
Oval RBC.
Camel
193
Sperm concentration of dogs.
300million/ml
194
Pancreas;
GABI: Glucagon-Alpha cells; Beta cells-Insulin
195
Rods and cones.
Rods- black and white; COnes- COlored
196
Vomiting center is controlled by?
Medulla oblongata
197
Type of placentation present in rat, mice, primates and man?
Hemochorial
198
Type of placentation present in carnivores?
Endotheliochorial
199
Type of placentation present in porcine, equine, bovine?
Epitheliochorial
200
Type of placentation present in caprine and ovine?
Syndesmochorial
201
Fetal component of placenta in porcine and equine?
diffuse
202
Fetal component of placenta in horse?
Microcotyledon
203
Fetal component of placenta in bovine and small ruminants?
Cotyledons
204
Fetal component of placenta in carnivores?
Zonary
205
Fetal component of placenta in rodents, primates?
Discoid
206
Flank paralysis; what nerves are affected?
L1-L6
207
Isomaltase digest what sugar?
2 glucose linked by 1-6 alpha glycosidic band
208
Normal osmolarity of plasma.
300 nosm or 0.15m
209
Circulating blood volume is regulated primarily by?
Plasma protein concentration
210
Most abundant ions intracellularly?
Sodium ( kasi Na-sa loob)
211
Plasmaproteins that inactivate pancreatic enzymes?
Specific proteases
212
Major source of blood urea?
Liver
213
Substance released by sweat gland that causes vasodilation?
Bradykinin
214
Site where the yolk is produced?
Liver
215
Glandular stomach of chicken?
Proventriculus
216
Act of mating of ram and ewe?
Tupping
217
Enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Renin
218
Activates pepsinogen into pepsin?
a. renin
b. trypsin
c. HCl
d. enterokinase
c. HCl
219
Entry of lymph into CV system?
vena cava
220
Responsible for lactogenesis
Prolactin
221
Effect of FSH in male.
Spermatogenesis
222
Associated with formation of mucous plug.
Progesterone
223
Conversion of active Vitamin D?
kidney and liver
224
What is true about Kartagener Syndrome? –
a. Defect in spindle fiber?
b. Can be treated with vincristine?
c. Congenital?
d. All of the three?
d. All of the three?
225
Kartagener Syndrome?
are, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder comprising the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The basic problem lies in the defective movement of cilia, leading to recurrent chest infections, ear/nose/throat symptoms, and infertility.
226
Flicks Law, diffusion rate is inversely proportional to :
– cell membrane thickness
227
Components of gastric juice
water, mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor
228
the principal enzyme involved in protein digestion.
pepsin
229
Where does penicillin absorbed?
a. Stomach?
b. Duodenum?
c. Colon?
d. Large intestine?
b. Duodenum?
230
Relationship between pKa and pH
The pKa is the pH value at which a chemical species will accept or donate a proton. The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater the ability to donate a proton in aqueous solution.
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pKa and pH.
231
Factors affecting panting of dogs –
a. temperature,
b. humidity,
c. all of the above
c. all of the above
232
Where is vasa recta?
– Loop of Henle (2 questions
233
There comes a time that most blood can be seen in?
a. heart,
b. arteries,
c. capillary,
d. veins
???
234
Elasticity of smooth muscle is attributed to?
Arrangement of cells
235
Cells that secrete HCl
parietal cells
236
Vasopressin is –
neurosecretion
237
Movement of air during inhalation –
diffusion
238
Decreased in calcium in cytosol is due to –
sequestration of calcium back to ER
239
Transport of protein in proximal convoluted tubule –
pinocytosis
240
Why is water readily transported inside the cell than glucose ?
water pump
241
Enzyme needed to convert sodium bicarbonate?
carbonic anhydrase
242
Vessel that carries non-oxygenated blood towards the heart.
a. pulmonary vein,
b. artery,
c. aorta,
d. great coronary artery
NO ANSWER, should be caudal/cranial vena cava
243
Calcium back to endoplasmic reticulum is by ?
active transport
244
Action of digitoxin in K+ .
- decease influx of K+
245
Action of digitoxin in Ca2+ -
increase influx of calcium
246
Pulsating blood –
carotid artery (other choices are vein)
247
Conscious movement –
cerebrum
248
Major intracellular anion –
Chloride
249
Major intracellular cation –
Sodium
250
Most numerous blood cell –
RBC
251
More lymphocyte than neutrophil –
cattle
252
Site of albumen production –
magnum
kapag walang magnum sa choices, choose isthmus
253
Most vascularized organ –
kidney
254
Part of cell that has catalase –
peroxisome
255
Overexercise of horse –
increase fatty acids in blood
256
Inc. excitability of peripheral nerve axon is associated with –
increase diameter of nerve axon
257
Not APG –
oxytocin
258
Dopamine VS Prolactin
It is well-known that dopamine constitutively inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion via the dopamine receptor 2 (DR2D). If dopamine is increased or if dopamine receptors hyperfunction, PRL may be reduced. During the first SCZ episode, low PRL levels are associated with worse symptoms.
259
Ends at the onset of estrus –
proestrus
260
Hormones of avian spp. – Recency questions
hanapin mo
261
Semen volume of goat –
2 ml
262
Total sperm count of goat –
3B
263
Differences between active transport and facilitated diffusion –
faster saturability in facilitated diffusion, needs specific molecules
264
synthesis of CHO from proteins=
gluconeogenesis
265
Abosrption of fats –
villi (total recall)
jejunum kay google
266
Valves involve in the first heart sound=
mitral and tricuspid valves
267
Review the electrocardiogram:
p wave, qrtcomplex,etc.
268
Valves involved in the second heart sound=
pulmonary and aortic valves
269
Effect of PTH (payrathyroid hormone) in the bone-
osteolytic
270
Effect of aldosterone
increase in salt and water reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, restoring salt levels and blood pressure.
271
Day zero in cattle means=
estrus
272
Chromosomes align in the equator of the cell=
metaphase
273
Longest corpuscle=
pacinian corpuscle
274
Glandular stomach.
a. rumen,
b. reticulum,
c. abomasum,
d. gizzard
c. abomasum,
275
Digestive juice produced by the rumen?
hydrochloric acid and enzymes (pepsins)
276
% of abomasum in ruminants? =
a. 4,
b. 5,
c. 8,
d. 7%
....
277
abomasum is also known as the?
maw, rennet-bag, or reed tripe, is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants
278
rennet?
secreted by the abomasum that is used in making cheese
279
Rbc prod’n in the bone marrow is not common in:
cat
280
cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition in which your heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe heart attack, but not everyone who has a heart attack has cardiogenic shock.
281
what happens when there is anoxia?
Anoxia can be especially harmful to your brain. After about four to five minutes without oxygen, your brain can become permanently damaged. Without oxygen, your brain cells can die, and many of the functions that your brain controls can be affected.
282
involved in metabolic acidosis as a compensatory mechanism
kidney-
283
cascade effect
A cascade effect is an inevitable and sometimes unforeseen chain of events due to an act affecting a system. If there is a possibility that the cascade effect will have a negative impact on the system, it is possible to analyze the effects with a consequence / impact analysis.
284
what is the percentage of RBC in the blood?
40 to 45 percent
285
what stimulates retching?
By nervous impulses from the stomach, intestinal tract, and other portions of the body, resulting in a reflexive activation; By stimulation from the higher brain centres; By the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) sending impulses.
286
Horse urine has=
mucus and crystals
287
Urine is thick and soupy=
horse
288
major ECF ion=
sodium
289
the major intracellular storage site for calcium in voluntary muscle=
sarcoplasmic reticulum
290
blood contains?
plasma and cells
291
increasing excitability of peripheral nerve axons is associated with=
increase diameter of nerve axons
292
increase contractility of the heart in response to increase heart rate is=
ascending staircase phenomenon
293
the major source of water in the rumenoreticulum of normal cattle is from=
saliva
294
inspiratory reserve volume is the volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after =
normal inhalation
295
damage to which part of the nervous system is more likely to produce instant death in an animal=
brainstem
296
effect / result of vagotomy-
Vagotomy was a way to reduce the acidity of the stomach, by denervating the parietal cells that produce acid. This was done with the hope that it would treat or prevent peptic ulcers. It also had the effect of reducing or eliminating symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in those who suffered from it.
297
Composed of buffy coat=
platelets and WBC
298
sinking effect-
nerve least affected
299
question about respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, semen production=
....
300
Digestion-
parasympathetic
301
Rosary beads-
rickets
302
7 questions volume of ejaculation and also # of sperm produced per ml in different animal species, per million and per billion
....
303
Lymph formation
Lymph is formed from fluid that seeps through the thin walls of capillaries into the body's tissues. This fluid contains oxygen, proteins, and other nutrients that nourish the tissues. Some of this fluid reenters the capillaries and some of it enters the lymphatic vessels (becoming lymph).
304
Major site of energy metabolism of the cell –
mitochondria
305
It describes ventricular depolarization –
QRS
306
The period during an action potential during which a second action potential cannot be produced by any means is called –
absolute refractory period
307
To produce preptoential in nodal cells of the heart, permeability is –
increased to slow calcium channels
308
A physical factor in which decrease in value is enhances turbulence of blood flow –
viscosity of blood
309
Second messenger associated with the action of ADH –
cAMP
310
Plasma phosphate concentration influences plasma calcium concentration by –
regulating formation of active vitamin D
311
In cells, Vitamin E serves as –
antioxidant
312
The basic motor activity cycle of the rumnireticulum begins with –
rapid biphasic reticular contraction
313
The half-life of circulating granulocytes –
6 hours
314
Histamine is released by –
basophils and mast cells
315
Proportion of body weight represented by total water content of an average adult –
60%
316
To convert ATP to cAMP, it requires –
magnesium
317
A hormone that inhibits prolactine –
dopamine
318
Proportion of secreted bile salts reabsorbed –
95%
319
A substance released by sewat glands that produces vasodilation –
bradykinin
320
Warming of inhaled air occurs in the –
nasal cavity
321
Hormone released in the posterior pituitary gland –
oxytocin
322
Vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the rumen –
Vitamin D
323
Hormone that maintains pregnancy –
progesterone
324
Acetylcholine is not used as neurotransmitter in –
sympathetic postganglionic
325
Which of the following is an inorganic nutrient –
minerals
326
Enzyme that converts disaccharide into monosaccharide –
sucrose
327
Gland which secretes enzyme responsible for the conversion of disaccharide to monosaccharide –
a. pancreas?
b. Intestinal cell lining?
(gland kasi tanung kaya pancreas sagot ko)
328
Propionic acid in the blood of ruminant is converted to –
glucose
329
The brain uses this substrate as its food supply –
a. ketone bodies and fatty acid?
b. Ketone bodies only?
c. Fatty acid only?
a. ketone bodies and fatty acid?
330
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as –
carbonic acid
It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells.
331
Glucose is absorbed via –
a. active absorption?
b. Passive absorption?
c. Active transport?
d. Osmosis?
c. Active transport?
Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption.
332
Over ditension of the lungs during inspiration is inhibited by what mechanism? -
a. Stretch receptors in the bronchioles?
b. Stretch receptors in the heart?
c. Chemical receptors?
a. Stretch receptors in the bronchioles?
The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex, named for Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering, is a reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present on the wall of bronchi and bronchioles of the airways respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations.
333
Clotting factors are produced by –
liver
334
Which of the following has the highest concentration of protein?
plasma
335
Storage of Vitamin D –
skin
336
It is mostly believed that the aqueous humor is produced by the –
ciliary body
337
Ruminant saliva is rich in –
bicarbonate
338
Osteoclast is derived from –
monocyte
339
The major function of acid secretion in the stomach is to –
stimulate the function of other cells to release their products that aids in digestion
340
Hormone which stops gastric sectertion –
somatostatin
341
Chronic vomiting results in hypochloremia and –
hypokalemia
342
Cranial nerve associated with the balance –
vestibulocochlear nerve
343
Cranial nerve associated with vision –
optic nerve
344
Major nutrients absorbed from the colon –
volatile fatty acids
345
Which of the following is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of the blood vessel of the skin –
a. vasoconstriction?
b. Vasodilation?
c. No effect?
b. Vasodilation
346
Which of the following suggest stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
constriction of the iris
347
Responsible for the drinking of the boar –
hypothalamus
348
Excess Glucose is stored in the body as?
a. Some are converted into glycogen and stored as glucose in muscle and liver?
b. All are converted into glycogen and stored as glucose in liver?
c. Some are converted into fats? (Ang tricky haha)
Excess glucose gets stored in the liver as glycogen or, with the help of insulin, converted into fatty acids, circulated to other parts of the body and stored as fat in adipose tissue. When there is an overabundance of fatty acids, fat also builds up in the liver
349
Location of sex hormone in adrenal gland –
zona reticularis
350
Which of the following secrete estrogen in males –
sertoli cells
351
What will you inject to induce gycogenolysis –
ACTH?
352
Somatotropin release can be induced by?
Exercise - potent stimulus
353
Other name of somatotropin
Growth hormone
354
Responsible for the maturation of RBC –
iron, folic acid, cyanocobalamine, Vit. B12
