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VM'21 > PHYSIO > Flashcards

PHYSIO Flashcards

1
Q

Bloody discharges is normaly seen in what stage of estrous cycle in cow?

A

METESTRUS

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2
Q

What animal during estrus stage ang maamoy, at dinadayo siya ng neighboring animals.

A

DOG

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3
Q

Facilitated diffusion of substrates across cell membranes:

A

IS ALWAYS A FORM OF COTRANSPORT

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4
Q

What is the required electrical activity to fire an action potential?

A

–55mv

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5
Q

Questions about property to cause action potential

A

EXCITABILITY

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6
Q

Site for blood filtration.

A

GLOMERULUS

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7
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A

PUSHES AIR INWARD

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8
Q

What happens during expiration?

A

PUSHES AIR OUTWARD

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9
Q

Primary site for the exchange of gases?

A

ALVEOLI

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10
Q

Sound produces during closure of mitral and tricuspid valve?

A

1st sound

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11
Q

Sound produces involving semilunar valves?

A

2nd sound

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12
Q

The major source of water in the ruminoreticulum of normal cattle is?

A

SALIVA

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13
Q

A NEUROSECRETION ?

A

ADH

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14
Q

The most essential agent for stimulation od secretion of HCL by parietal cells?

A

HISTAMINE

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15
Q

The chapter determinant of resistance to flow of chime in the SI?

A

OSMOLARITY

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16
Q

ERYTHROCYTE

A

The most numerous blood cells?

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17
Q

a substance released by sweat glands that produced vasodilation

A

BRADYKININ

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18
Q

In cells, Vitamin E acts as

A

ANTIOXIDANT

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19
Q

Defintion of Parturition……

A

the action of giving birth to young; childbirth.

“the weeks following parturition”

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20
Q

Single bearing.

A

Monotoccus ( 2 questions asked

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21
Q

Parasympathetitc stimulation of salivary glands, the saliva is rich in?

A

MUCIN

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22
Q

enhance Digestion.

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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23
Q

Plasma cation with the greatest turnover during egg production,

A

CALCIUM

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24
Q

PROGESTERONE action.

A

Progesterone has a central role in reproduction, being involved in ovulation, implantation, and pregnancy.

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25
Q

PROESTRUS definition

A

a preparatory period immediately preceding estrus and characterized by growth of graafian follicles, increased estrogenic activity, and alteration of uterine and vaginal mucosa.

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26
Q

Which of the following is an androgen?

A

TETOSTERONE

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27
Q
  • introduction of sperm into uterus?
A

EMMISION

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28
Q

Location of Spermatogenesis?

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

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29
Q

Average maturity of Cattle?

a. 7-9 months?
b. 8-9 months?
c. 10-12 months?

A

c?

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30
Q

Induced Ovulator.

A

RABBIT

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31
Q

Waste disposal unit.

A

LYSOSOME

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32
Q

If the pk of the weak base is 2 units more than the PH of the solution, the ration of ionized form
to the nonionized form is?

A

100:1

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33
Q

Groups of related cells that are linked together to form?

A

TISSUE

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34
Q

Functional unit of the body?

A

ORGANS

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35
Q

Blood coagulation? POSITIVE FEEDBACK

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

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36
Q

The immediate inducer of the GCC secretion by adrenal cortex—-

A

CORTICOTROPIN ( 2

same questions asked)

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37
Q

T Tubule is connected to

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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38
Q

Most important function of the digestive tract?

A

ABSORPTION

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39
Q

Portion of the digestive tract with least absorptive function?

A

MOUTH

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40
Q

The gut can contract even outside the influence of the CNS because of this—

A

MYENTERIC

PLEXUS

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41
Q

COLOSTRUM is absorbed by:

A

PINOCYTOS

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42
Q

The enzyme invertase digest?

A

CANE SUGAR

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43
Q

The digestive secretion that does not contain a digestive enyme?

a. bile
b. pancreatic juice
c. saliva
d. gastric juice

A

—-BILE , accdg to recency

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44
Q

In motor neurons, excitability increases with the?

A

SIZE OF MOTOR UNIT

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45
Q

Most likely to produce instant death?

A

BRAINSTEM

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46
Q

BLOOD is composed of.

A

CELLS AND PLASMA

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47
Q

Energy metabolism.

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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48
Q

Plasma bilirubin.

A

MADE SOLUBLE BY ALBUMIN

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49
Q

As compared with colostrums produced on the second day of lactation, the colostrum produced
at first day contains?

A

MORE PROTEIN

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50
Q

Filtering , Humidifying , Warming of inspired air?

A

NASAL PASSAGES

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51
Q

not a function of Mesemtery.

A

AIDS IN DIGESTION

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52
Q

Myelination of neuroaxon result in this.

A

REDUCED TIME CONSTANT

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53
Q

In post hepatic jaundice the predominant form of BILIRUBIN in the blood is?

A

FREE

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54
Q

The universal currency of cell.

A

ATP ONLY

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55
Q

The building block of the body.

A

CELL

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56
Q

The endogenous GCC are CORTISOL and _______?

a. cortisone
b. corticosterone

A

a. cortisone

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57
Q

Lysozymes in food?

A

REDUCE THE BACTERIAL CONTENT OF INGESTED FOOD

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58
Q

A hormone that inhibits prolactin?

A

DOPAMINE

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59
Q

In ruminants, eructation results in passage of rumen gases ?

A

INTO THE LUNGS

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60
Q

The volume of distribution of this subsance approximates plasma volume?

A

ALBUMIN

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61
Q

In blood transfusion, a reaction between the recipient blood and donor blood is due to
incompatibilities between:
——–

A

ERYTHROCYTES OF RECIPIENT AN PLASMA DONOR

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62
Q

The PH of the saliva in most mammals is?

A

SLIGHTLY ALKALINE

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63
Q

Megalobalstic anemia?

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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64
Q

Flehmen except.

A

BOAR

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65
Q

nonseasonally polyestrus and has an estrous cycle lasting 21 days?

A

COW

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66
Q

Somatic motor unit?

A

A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND ALL MUSLCES INNERVATED

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67
Q

Seasonally polyestrous and has an estous cycle lasting 17 days?

A

EWE

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68
Q

Cells do not require insulin for glucose uptake?

A

NEURONS

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69
Q

Affects salivary flow?

A

Tongue? Saliva?

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70
Q

Affects salivary flow 2nd question

A

Salivary gland? Mandibular gland?

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71
Q

Haploid of sheep

A

27

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72
Q

Dog seminal fluid source

a. Seminal vesicle only
b. Prostate gland only
c. Both

A

b. Prostate gland only

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73
Q

Standing heat of cow

A

The average duration of standing heat is 15 to 18 hours, but heat duration may vary from 8 to 30 hours among cows. An estrous cow usually stands to be mounted 20 to 55 times during her estrous period.

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74
Q

Gilt gestation period?

A

114 days

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75
Q

Mammary gland most developed

A

Pregnancy, lactation

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76
Q

Theca interna, which receptor is present

A

LH producing estrogen?

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77
Q

Induced ovulator

a. Rabbit
b. Rat
c. Mare
d. Bitch

A

All except bitch.. But Rabbit is more specific

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78
Q

Which is androgen?

a. Testosterone
b. estrogen

A

a. testosterone and androstenedione

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79
Q

Immediate inducer of glucocorticoids

A

Stress

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80
Q

Role of aldosterone

A

K secretion and Na reabsorption

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81
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation example

A

Salivation: As part of its rest-and-digest function, the PSNS stimulates production of saliva, which contains enzymes to help your food digest.

Lacrimation: Lacrimation is a fancy word for making tears. Tears keep your eyes lubricated, preserving their delicate tissues.

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82
Q

Saturation kinetics

A

Saturation kinetics refers to the situation of an enzyme reaction reaching a maximal
velocity at high levels of S. All of the E present is present as E.S, so the maximum
amount of E.S is formed. Since the rate is proportional to the amount of E.S, the rate is
at a maximum value. The enzyme is said to be saturated with S

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83
Q

Active transport?

A

Electrogenic etc

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84
Q

Main function of digestive tract

A

Absorption? Digestion?

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85
Q

Which is not part of skin gland?

a. Mammary
b. sebaceous
c. sweat
d. accessory

A

d. accessory

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86
Q

Major source of water in ruminoreticulum in cattle

A

Saliva

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87
Q

2nd heart sound is produced by closure of

A

Pulmonary and aortic valve

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88
Q

Ratio of ionized form to non-ionized form

A

100:1

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89
Q

Group of related cells linked together to form

A

Tissue

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90
Q

Functional unit of the body

A

Organs

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91
Q

Building blocks of the body

A

Cell

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92
Q

Gut contraction outside of the influence of CNS

A

Myenteric plexus

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93
Q

Absorption of colostrum

A

Pinocytosis

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94
Q

Blood component

A

Plasma and cell

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95
Q

Half-life of monocytes

A

3 days?

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96
Q

Vessels that carry blood with high amount of C02?

A

Vena cava

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97
Q

Spermatogenesis took place in

A

Seminiferous tubule

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98
Q

Universal currency of energy

A

ATP only

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99
Q

NPN converted to protein in.

A

Rumen

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100
Q

Endogenous GCC together with cortisol

A

Corticosterone

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101
Q

Most numbered cells in blood

A

RBC

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102
Q

Intertwining of vein and artery of uterus.

a. Cool ovary
b. Suspend ovary
c. Pass PGF2a
d. pass sperm into ovary

A

c. Pass PGF2a

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103
Q

Pressure of bull penis

A

Answer with “sea level”

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104
Q

Sodium pumps of cell

A

Transport potassium into cells

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105
Q

Rennin

A

Milk coagulation protein

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106
Q

Renin

A

Secreted active enzyme (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)

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107
Q

First heart sound

A

Closure of tricuspid and mitral valve

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108
Q

To increase Ca absorption from small intestine, parathoromone directly activates or enhances ___

A

Kidney conversion to active Vit D

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109
Q

Saliva of dog VS ruminant

A

Ruminant has more Bicarbonate

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110
Q

What disintegrates the food in the mouth of the animal?

a. Saliva,
b. taste buds,
c. cravings,
d. stomach

A

a. Saliva,

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111
Q

Saliva is

a. Slightly acidic
b. Slightly alkaline
c. more alkaline
d. more acidic

A

a. Slightly acidic

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112
Q

In cells, Vit E

A

Acts as antioxidant

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113
Q

Eructation results in passage of rumen gas.

a. Out through nose
b. Out through mouth
c. Out through nose and mouth
d. into lungs

A

b. Out through mouth

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114
Q

Compared to colostrum produced on the 2nd day of lactation, colostrum on 1st day contains?

a. More lactose
b. less lipid
c. Less protein
d. Less sodium
e. More protein

A

e. More protein

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115
Q

Uteroverdin, a green pigment associated with fetal membranes of dogs is.

A

Derived from haemoglobin

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116
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Intestinal absorptive cells

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117
Q

Enzyme released by chief cells

A

Pepsinogen

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118
Q

Major part of airway resistance

A

Larynx?

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119
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Addison; DOG

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120
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Cushing CAT

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121
Q

Which part of CNS initiates conscious movement of the body?

A

Cerebrum

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122
Q

Oxygen crosses cell membranes through

A

Simple diffusion

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123
Q

Na-K pump

A

2 potassium in

3 sodium out

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124
Q

Chondrocyte vs chondroblast?

A
  • chondroblasts are immature cartilage cells found near the perichondrium
  • chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells found embedded within the extracellular matrix
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125
Q

Osteoblast vs osteocytes?

A

OSTEOCYTES are cells inside the bone. They also come from osteoblasts. Some of the osteoblasts turn into osteocytes while the new bone is being formed, and the osteocytes then get surrounded by new bone. They are not isolated, however, because they send out long branches that connect to the other osteocytes.

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126
Q

Not characteristic of hyperthyroidism in cat?

A

Older cat, weight gain, polyphagia, mass palpable at the neck area

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127
Q

Serum testosterone level of a cryptorchid horse?

A

Check state board

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128
Q

Diffuse placenta

A

Pig, horse

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129
Q

Cotelydonary

A

Cattle

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130
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. The system is mainly comprised of the three hormones renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Primarily it is regulated by the rate of renal blood flow.

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131
Q

Invertase

A

Sugar cane

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132
Q

0.300 osm

A

Plasma

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133
Q

Receptor of cholera toxin

A

Glycocalyx

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134
Q

Start of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth of which animal

a. Pig
b. Cattle
c. Cat
d. Dog

A

-In a Simple-Gutted Animal (SGA) digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth and continues in the bolus inside the stomach if the animal possesses salivary amylase (present in humans, some birds, the rat, but not in farm animals).

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135
Q

Which of the following is the final digestion of carbohydrates?

a. mouth
b. small intestine
c. brush border

A

b. small intestine

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136
Q

Increased excitability of peripheral nerve axons

A

increased diameter

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137
Q

Cranial nerve major branches

A

trigeminal nerve—the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2) and the mandibular nerve (V3)

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138
Q

Increased contractility of heart due to increased heart rate

A

ascending staircase

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139
Q

Transverse and lateral movements

A

lipids (fatty acids)

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140
Q

Bound by 2 membrane

A

nucleus and mitochondria

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141
Q

Questions in blood transfusion

A

plasma of donor, erythrocyte of recipient

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142
Q

Chloride shift

A

Plasma NaHCO3

143
Q

specific proteases

A

Inactivates pancreatic enzymes

144
Q

Send signal away from the soma

A

axon

145
Q

Structure of ovum to be penetrated by sperm

A

Zona pellucida

146
Q

Sperm volume in dog

A

300 million

147
Q

Milk protein

A

Casein

148
Q

Renal function begins in calf at?

A

birth

149
Q

Organ of vision

A

Eyes

150
Q

Stages of parturition

A

Dilation, Expulsion, and Placental.

151
Q

Induce deep inspiration .

a. Apneustic center
b. Pneumotaxic center –inhibit inspiration
c. Ventral respiratory
d. Dorsal respiratory

A

Apneustic center

152
Q

Gestation of pig

A

Ave: 115 days
Range: 111-120 days

153
Q

Gestation of sheep

A

152 days

154
Q

Estrus cycle of sheep

A

Length of the estrous cycle in sheep is on average 17 days but can vary between 14 and 19 days. Average duration of estrus is 24 to 36 hours, with ovulation occurring toward the end of estrus or approximately 24 hours after the onset of estrus

155
Q

Beta cell

A

Insulin

156
Q

Filtering, humidifying, warming air

A

Nasal passages

157
Q

Sugar cane broken down into simplier form

a. glucose
b. sucrose
c. maltose
d. galactose

A

a. glucose

158
Q

Maturation of sperm in which it develops a tail

A

Spermiation (2 qts)

159
Q

Body’s state of internal NON-equilibrium despite the changing environment (note that they just edited the classic definition of “homeostasis” READ CAREFULLY)

a. Homeostasis
b. Entropy

A

b. Entropy

160
Q

Pig semen concentration.

a. 270 million
b. 100 million (2 qts)

A

a. 270 million

161
Q

Questions about the physiology of the mammary gland (3-4 qts).
Purpose of furstenberg’s rosette and others

A

The Furstenberg’s rosette is located in the internal streak canal of the teat. … It often is considered a barrier for pathogens, yet it offers little resistance to milk leaving the teat.

162
Q

Is situated at the internal end of the streak canal. It has a protective leukocyte population which are thought to leave he teat wall and enter the cistern via ___________. It contains bactericidal cationic proteins (eg. ubiquitin).

A

Furstenberg’s Rosette

163
Q

Animal that can start carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

A

Pig

164
Q

Questions about avian reproductive physiology

Why are ovarian arteries positioned next to a certain vein? (general thought only)

A

kasi they release unoxygenated blood and recieve the oxygenated ones

165
Q

How is the temperature of the avian testes regulated inside the body?

A

The testicular blood supply in avian species is less
complex than that found in mammals (see Nishida,
1964). This is partly because birds have no pampiniform plexus, which in mammals is a countercurrent
mechanism to maintain testes temperature below body
temperature. Blood flows to each testis from the abdominal aorta, via a common trunk with the anterior
renal artery, to the testicular artery (Figure 19-2). This
testicular artery subsequently branches to form numerous smaller arteries that intertwine among the seminiferous tubules. There may also be an accessory testicular artery, which, when present, branches directly from
the aorta. Venous flow occurs via superficial veins,
which successively merge to form the testicular vein
and empty directly into the posterior vena cava. Lymphatic vessels to the testis have not been well characterized, but are present within Leydig cells (see Lake,
1981).

166
Q

How long does it take the protein membrane components to complete transverse movement?

A

Never happens (protein comp are capable of only lateral movt)

167
Q

Membrane component that has both lateral and transverse movt.

A

Lipid, protein, glycoprotein, or carbohydrate (protein comp only have lateral movt while lipid comp has both lateral and transverse)

168
Q

Which is not true about kartagener syndrome?

a. May be treated with vincristine
b. Congenital
c. Related to microtubules
d. NOTA

A

d. NOTA

169
Q

What is kartagener syndrome?

A

Kartagener’s syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder comprising the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The basic problem lies in the defective movement of cilia, leading to recurrent chest infections, ear/nose/throat symptoms, and infertility.

170
Q

Alkaline tide is caused by.

A

Acid secretion

171
Q

Method of absorption of colostrum.

A

Pinocytosis

172
Q

Gestation period of horse (2 qts)

A

11 – 12 months / 320 to 362 days

pero sa leap is a. 335-342 days

173
Q

Converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

a. Amino acid
b. HCl

A

b. HCl

174
Q

Disease in defect of hypothalamus?

a. Hypogonadism
b. Precocious puberty
c. Amenorrhea
d. All

A

d. All

175
Q

Hormone to be withdrawn to let milk synthesis after parturition?

a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. LH

A

b. Progesterone

176
Q

Chloride shift?

A

Bicarbonate

177
Q

Bicabonate?

A

Neutralize acid chyme from duodenum

178
Q

Bicabonate? (Same question and almost same choices with last question except for neutralization)

A

Neutralize trypsin…

179
Q

Free end gland?

A

Apocrine

180
Q

Gestation of horse?

a. 335-342 days
b. 343-350 days

A

a. 335-342 days

pero sa mare site is 11 – 12 months / 320 to 362 days

181
Q

Kartegener’s syndrome, which is TRUE? Refer to Stateboard.

a. Congenital
b. Related to microtubulin
c. Can be treated with vincristine
d. All

A

d. All

182
Q

Single peculiar blunt end normal in RBC of what animal?

a. Dog
b. Cat
c. Pig
d. Goat

A

b. Cat

183
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies are present normally in RBC of what animal?

a. Goat
b. Pig
c. Chicken
d. Cat

A

c. Chicken

184
Q

Heinz bodies?

A

Hb concentration

185
Q

Cause will likely result diabetic dog to coma?

a. Dehydration
b. Acidosis
c. Ketosis
d. All

A

d. All

186
Q

General Somatic Efferent proprioception is present in?

a. Joint
b. Cartilage
c. Bone
d. All three

A

d. All three

187
Q

Immunoglobulin in colostrum?

a. IgA
b. IgG

A

a. IgA

188
Q

Estrus cycle of sheep?

A

19 days

189
Q

Gestation period of rabbit?

A.30 days
B. 31 days
C. 13 days
D. 28 days

A

B. 31 days

190
Q

Gestation period of goats?

a. 145 days
b. 160 days
c. 150 days
d. 120 days

A

c. 150 days

191
Q

Gestation period of pig?

a. 120 days
b. 114 days
c. 130 days
d. 125 days

A

b. 114 days

192
Q

Oval RBC.

A

Camel

193
Q

Sperm concentration of dogs.

A

300million/ml

194
Q

Pancreas;

A

GABI: Glucagon-Alpha cells; Beta cells-Insulin

195
Q

Rods and cones.

A

Rods- black and white; COnes- COlored

196
Q

Vomiting center is controlled by?

A

Medulla oblongata

197
Q

Type of placentation present in rat, mice, primates and man?

A

Hemochorial

198
Q

Type of placentation present in carnivores?

A

Endotheliochorial

199
Q

Type of placentation present in porcine, equine, bovine?

A

Epitheliochorial

200
Q

Type of placentation present in caprine and ovine?

A

Syndesmochorial

201
Q

Fetal component of placenta in porcine and equine?

A

diffuse

202
Q

Fetal component of placenta in horse?

A

Microcotyledon

203
Q

Fetal component of placenta in bovine and small ruminants?

A

Cotyledons

204
Q

Fetal component of placenta in carnivores?

A

Zonary

205
Q

Fetal component of placenta in rodents, primates?

A

Discoid

206
Q

Flank paralysis; what nerves are affected?

A

L1-L6

207
Q

Isomaltase digest what sugar?

A

2 glucose linked by 1-6 alpha glycosidic band

208
Q

Normal osmolarity of plasma.

A

300 nosm or 0.15m

209
Q

Circulating blood volume is regulated primarily by?

A

Plasma protein concentration

210
Q

Most abundant ions intracellularly?

A

Sodium ( kasi Na-sa loob)

211
Q

Plasmaproteins that inactivate pancreatic enzymes?

A

Specific proteases

212
Q

Major source of blood urea?

A

Liver

213
Q

Substance released by sweat gland that causes vasodilation?

A

Bradykinin

214
Q

Site where the yolk is produced?

A

Liver

215
Q

Glandular stomach of chicken?

A

Proventriculus

216
Q

Act of mating of ram and ewe?

A

Tupping

217
Q

Enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

A

Renin

218
Q

Activates pepsinogen into pepsin?

a. renin
b. trypsin
c. HCl
d. enterokinase

A

c. HCl

219
Q

Entry of lymph into CV system?

A

vena cava

220
Q

Responsible for lactogenesis

A

Prolactin

221
Q

Effect of FSH in male.

A

Spermatogenesis

222
Q

Associated with formation of mucous plug.

A

Progesterone

223
Q

Conversion of active Vitamin D?

A

kidney and liver

224
Q

What is true about Kartagener Syndrome? –

a. Defect in spindle fiber?
b. Can be treated with vincristine?
c. Congenital?
d. All of the three?

A

d. All of the three?

225
Q

Kartagener Syndrome?

A

are, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder comprising the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The basic problem lies in the defective movement of cilia, leading to recurrent chest infections, ear/nose/throat symptoms, and infertility.

226
Q

Flicks Law, diffusion rate is inversely proportional to :

A

– cell membrane thickness

227
Q

Components of gastric juice

A

water, mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor

228
Q

the principal enzyme involved in protein digestion.

A

pepsin

229
Q

Where does penicillin absorbed?

a. Stomach?
b. Duodenum?
c. Colon?
d. Large intestine?

A

b. Duodenum?

230
Q

Relationship between pKa and pH

A

The pKa is the pH value at which a chemical species will accept or donate a proton. The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater the ability to donate a proton in aqueous solution.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pKa and pH.

231
Q

Factors affecting panting of dogs –

a. temperature,
b. humidity,
c. all of the above

A

c. all of the above

232
Q

Where is vasa recta?

A

– Loop of Henle (2 questions

233
Q

There comes a time that most blood can be seen in?

a. heart,
b. arteries,
c. capillary,
d. veins

A

???

234
Q

Elasticity of smooth muscle is attributed to?

A

Arrangement of cells

235
Q

Cells that secrete HCl

A

parietal cells

236
Q

Vasopressin is –

A

neurosecretion

237
Q

Movement of air during inhalation –

A

diffusion

238
Q

Decreased in calcium in cytosol is due to –

A

sequestration of calcium back to ER

239
Q

Transport of protein in proximal convoluted tubule –

A

pinocytosis

240
Q

Why is water readily transported inside the cell than glucose ?

A

water pump

241
Q

Enzyme needed to convert sodium bicarbonate?

A

carbonic anhydrase

242
Q

Vessel that carries non-oxygenated blood towards the heart.

a. pulmonary vein,
b. artery,
c. aorta,
d. great coronary artery

A

NO ANSWER, should be caudal/cranial vena cava

243
Q

Calcium back to endoplasmic reticulum is by ?

A

active transport

244
Q

Action of digitoxin in K+ .

A
  • decease influx of K+
245
Q

Action of digitoxin in Ca2+ -

A

increase influx of calcium

246
Q

Pulsating blood –

A

carotid artery (other choices are vein)

247
Q

Conscious movement –

A

cerebrum

248
Q

Major intracellular anion –

A

Chloride

249
Q

Major intracellular cation –

A

Sodium

250
Q

Most numerous blood cell –

A

RBC

251
Q

More lymphocyte than neutrophil –

A

cattle

252
Q

Site of albumen production –

A

magnum

kapag walang magnum sa choices, choose isthmus

253
Q

Most vascularized organ –

A

kidney

254
Q

Part of cell that has catalase –

A

peroxisome

255
Q

Overexercise of horse –

A

increase fatty acids in blood

256
Q

Inc. excitability of peripheral nerve axon is associated with –

A

increase diameter of nerve axon

257
Q

Not APG –

A

oxytocin

258
Q

Dopamine VS Prolactin

A

It is well-known that dopamine constitutively inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion via the dopamine receptor 2 (DR2D). If dopamine is increased or if dopamine receptors hyperfunction, PRL may be reduced. During the first SCZ episode, low PRL levels are associated with worse symptoms.

259
Q

Ends at the onset of estrus –

A

proestrus

260
Q

Hormones of avian spp. – Recency questions

A

hanapin mo

261
Q

Semen volume of goat –

A

2 ml

262
Q

Total sperm count of goat –

A

3B

263
Q

Differences between active transport and facilitated diffusion –

A

faster saturability in facilitated diffusion, needs specific molecules

264
Q

synthesis of CHO from proteins=

A

gluconeogenesis

265
Q

Abosrption of fats –

A

villi (total recall)

jejunum kay google

266
Q

Valves involve in the first heart sound=

A

mitral and tricuspid valves

267
Q

Review the electrocardiogram:

A

p wave, qrtcomplex,etc.

268
Q

Valves involved in the second heart sound=

A

pulmonary and aortic valves

269
Q

Effect of PTH (payrathyroid hormone) in the bone-

A

osteolytic

270
Q

Effect of aldosterone

A

increase in salt and water reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, restoring salt levels and blood pressure.

271
Q

Day zero in cattle means=

A

estrus

272
Q

Chromosomes align in the equator of the cell=

A

metaphase

273
Q

Longest corpuscle=

A

pacinian corpuscle

274
Q

Glandular stomach.

a. rumen,
b. reticulum,
c. abomasum,
d. gizzard

A

c. abomasum,

275
Q

Digestive juice produced by the rumen?

A

hydrochloric acid and enzymes (pepsins)

276
Q

% of abomasum in ruminants? =

a. 4,
b. 5,
c. 8,
d. 7%

A

….

277
Q

abomasum is also known as the?

A

maw, rennet-bag, or reed tripe, is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants

278
Q

rennet?

A

secreted by the abomasum that is used in making cheese

279
Q

Rbc prod’n in the bone marrow is not common in:

A

cat

280
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition in which your heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe heart attack, but not everyone who has a heart attack has cardiogenic shock.

281
Q

what happens when there is anoxia?

A

Anoxia can be especially harmful to your brain. After about four to five minutes without oxygen, your brain can become permanently damaged. Without oxygen, your brain cells can die, and many of the functions that your brain controls can be affected.

282
Q

involved in metabolic acidosis as a compensatory mechanism

A

kidney-

283
Q

cascade effect

A

A cascade effect is an inevitable and sometimes unforeseen chain of events due to an act affecting a system. If there is a possibility that the cascade effect will have a negative impact on the system, it is possible to analyze the effects with a consequence / impact analysis.

284
Q

what is the percentage of RBC in the blood?

A

40 to 45 percent

285
Q

what stimulates retching?

A

By nervous impulses from the stomach, intestinal tract, and other portions of the body, resulting in a reflexive activation; By stimulation from the higher brain centres; By the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) sending impulses.

286
Q

Horse urine has=

A

mucus and crystals

287
Q

Urine is thick and soupy=

A

horse

288
Q

major ECF ion=

A

sodium

289
Q

the major intracellular storage site for calcium in voluntary muscle=

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

290
Q

blood contains?

A

plasma and cells

291
Q

increasing excitability of peripheral nerve axons is associated with=

A

increase diameter of nerve axons

292
Q

increase contractility of the heart in response to increase heart rate is=

A

ascending staircase phenomenon

293
Q

the major source of water in the rumenoreticulum of normal cattle is from=

A

saliva

294
Q

inspiratory reserve volume is the volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after =

A

normal inhalation

295
Q

damage to which part of the nervous system is more likely to produce instant death in an animal=

A

brainstem

296
Q

effect / result of vagotomy-

A

Vagotomy was a way to reduce the acidity of the stomach, by denervating the parietal cells that produce acid. This was done with the hope that it would treat or prevent peptic ulcers. It also had the effect of reducing or eliminating symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in those who suffered from it.

297
Q

Composed of buffy coat=

A

platelets and WBC

298
Q

sinking effect-

A

nerve least affected

299
Q

question about respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, semen production=

A

….

300
Q

Digestion-

A

parasympathetic

301
Q

Rosary beads-

A

rickets

302
Q

7 questions volume of ejaculation and also # of sperm produced per ml in different animal species, per million and per billion

A

….

303
Q

Lymph formation

A

Lymph is formed from fluid that seeps through the thin walls of capillaries into the body’s tissues. This fluid contains oxygen, proteins, and other nutrients that nourish the tissues. Some of this fluid reenters the capillaries and some of it enters the lymphatic vessels (becoming lymph).

304
Q

Major site of energy metabolism of the cell –

A

mitochondria

305
Q

It describes ventricular depolarization –

A

QRS

306
Q

The period during an action potential during which a second action potential cannot be produced by any means is called –

A

absolute refractory period

307
Q

To produce preptoential in nodal cells of the heart, permeability is –

A

increased to slow calcium channels

308
Q

A physical factor in which decrease in value is enhances turbulence of blood flow –

A

viscosity of blood

309
Q

Second messenger associated with the action of ADH –

A

cAMP

310
Q

Plasma phosphate concentration influences plasma calcium concentration by –

A

regulating formation of active vitamin D

311
Q

In cells, Vitamin E serves as –

A

antioxidant

312
Q

The basic motor activity cycle of the rumnireticulum begins with –

A

rapid biphasic reticular contraction

313
Q

The half-life of circulating granulocytes –

A

6 hours

314
Q

Histamine is released by –

A

basophils and mast cells

315
Q

Proportion of body weight represented by total water content of an average adult –

A

60%

316
Q

To convert ATP to cAMP, it requires –

A

magnesium

317
Q

A hormone that inhibits prolactine –

A

dopamine

318
Q

Proportion of secreted bile salts reabsorbed –

A

95%

319
Q

A substance released by sewat glands that produces vasodilation –

A

bradykinin

320
Q

Warming of inhaled air occurs in the –

A

nasal cavity

321
Q

Hormone released in the posterior pituitary gland –

A

oxytocin

322
Q

Vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the rumen –

A

Vitamin D

323
Q

Hormone that maintains pregnancy –

A

progesterone

324
Q

Acetylcholine is not used as neurotransmitter in –

A

sympathetic postganglionic

325
Q

Which of the following is an inorganic nutrient –

A

minerals

326
Q

Enzyme that converts disaccharide into monosaccharide –

A

sucrose

327
Q

Gland which secretes enzyme responsible for the conversion of disaccharide to monosaccharide –

a. pancreas?
b. Intestinal cell lining?

A

(gland kasi tanung kaya pancreas sagot ko)

328
Q

Propionic acid in the blood of ruminant is converted to –

A

glucose

329
Q

The brain uses this substrate as its food supply –

a. ketone bodies and fatty acid?
b. Ketone bodies only?
c. Fatty acid only?

A

a. ketone bodies and fatty acid?

330
Q

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as –

A

carbonic acid

It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells.

331
Q

Glucose is absorbed via –

a. active absorption?
b. Passive absorption?
c. Active transport?
d. Osmosis?

A

c. Active transport?

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption.

332
Q

Over ditension of the lungs during inspiration is inhibited by what mechanism? -

a. Stretch receptors in the bronchioles?
b. Stretch receptors in the heart?
c. Chemical receptors?

A

a. Stretch receptors in the bronchioles?

The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex, named for Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering, is a reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present on the wall of bronchi and bronchioles of the airways respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations.

333
Q

Clotting factors are produced by –

A

liver

334
Q

Which of the following has the highest concentration of protein?

A

plasma

335
Q

Storage of Vitamin D –

A

skin

336
Q

It is mostly believed that the aqueous humor is produced by the –

A

ciliary body

337
Q

Ruminant saliva is rich in –

A

bicarbonate

338
Q

Osteoclast is derived from –

A

monocyte

339
Q

The major function of acid secretion in the stomach is to –

A

stimulate the function of other cells to release their products that aids in digestion

340
Q

Hormone which stops gastric sectertion –

A

somatostatin

341
Q

Chronic vomiting results in hypochloremia and –

A

hypokalemia

342
Q

Cranial nerve associated with the balance –

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

343
Q

Cranial nerve associated with vision –

A

optic nerve

344
Q

Major nutrients absorbed from the colon –

A

volatile fatty acids

345
Q

Which of the following is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of the blood vessel of the skin –

a. vasoconstriction?
b. Vasodilation?
c. No effect?

A

b. Vasodilation

346
Q

Which of the following suggest stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

constriction of the iris

347
Q

Responsible for the drinking of the boar –

A

hypothalamus

348
Q

Excess Glucose is stored in the body as?

a. Some are converted into glycogen and stored as glucose in muscle and liver?
b. All are converted into glycogen and stored as glucose in liver?
c. Some are converted into fats? (Ang tricky haha)

A

Excess glucose gets stored in the liver as glycogen or, with the help of insulin, converted into fatty acids, circulated to other parts of the body and stored as fat in adipose tissue. When there is an overabundance of fatty acids, fat also builds up in the liver

349
Q

Location of sex hormone in adrenal gland –

A

zona reticularis

350
Q

Which of the following secrete estrogen in males –

A

sertoli cells

351
Q

What will you inject to induce gycogenolysis –

A

ACTH?

352
Q

Somatotropin release can be induced by?

A

Exercise - potent stimulus

353
Q

Other name of somatotropin

A

Growth hormone

354
Q

Responsible for the maturation of RBC –

A

iron, folic acid, cyanocobalamine, Vit. B12

VM'21 (14 decks)

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