Anatomy Flashcards
Paired muscle that opens the jaw.
DIGASTRICUS
Muscle that elevates upper lips.
LEVATOR LABII MAXILLARIS
Brachiocephalic is present in what animal.
DOG AND PIG
Corneal nerve is a branch of what major nerve?
Trigeminal nerve
Neural tube is the embryonic structure that ultimately forms into?
CNS
S shaped organ during embryo development?
Heart
Type of placentation where in maternal blood comes in direct contact with the fetal chorion.
HEMOCHORIAL
Lining epithelium of rumen, reticulum and omasum.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Epithelial tissue is described by the number of cell layers present as simple and?
Stratified
Tunica adventitia is seen in this structure instead of tunica serosa.
ARTERY
Specialized tissue found in animals which functions by contracting and movement.
MUSCLE TISSUE
Supplies deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
UMBILICAL ARTERY
Pulsation site in cattle-.
a. Facial artery
b. Coccygeal artery
B. Coccygeal artery
- Blood vessel that is present in large ruminant but absent in small ruminants.
FACIAL ARTERY
Production of enamel.
Ameloblast
Sternum is divided into how many parts.
THREE
The pig has 4 pair of ribs less compared to that of the horses.
14
EEC that ruptures during parturition.
Amniotic sac
Part of the ear that separates middle and outer part?-
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
Part of the ear that vibrates-
COCHLEA
What makes the bone marrow yellow?
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Right middle lobe of the lung is absent in what animal?
HORSE
Comparison of pig kidney to other animals.
Unfused medulla
Lymph nodes that drains the thoracic region.
Visceral lymph nodes; brachiocephalic node and tracheobronchial nodes
Type of placenta of a bitch/carnivores?
Zonary
Type of placenta of a cow?
Cotyledonary
What is the 4th pair cranial nerve?
a. Vagus
b. Trochlear
c. Optic
d. Trigeminal
b. Trochlear
Not belong to the three primary 3 embryonic nervous division?
a. Prosencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Rhombencephalon
d. Mesencephalon
b. Diencephalon
Floating is a procedure done in what surface of the teeth?
a. Masticatory
b. Contact
c. Lingual
d. Vestibule
a. Masticatory
Other name for masticatory is:
Occlusal surface
What directly covers the embryo
and has amniotic fluid?
Amnion
Then pangalawa dinefine functionally …………….protection, cushion .
Amnion
Dehorning before 4 months of age is done to prevent infection of the sinus in what animal?
a. Calves
b. kid
a. Calves
What muscles are to be retracted to expose the lateral side of the femur?
Vastus Lateralis and Rectus Femoris
Function of ORBICULARIS ORIS
closing of LIPS
What muscles when contract tightens the cheek?
BUCCINATOR
Type of Joint of Stifle Joint based on its movement?
CONDYLAR
What forms the Stifle Joint ?
femur, the patella and the tibia; there are two joint pouches, one between the femur and the patella (femoropatellar joint) and one between the femur and the tibia (femorotibial joint). The joint contains a pair of cartilagenous menisci and cruciate ligaments.
MELANOCYTE description
cell in the skin and eyes that produces and contains the pigment called melanin. Enlarge. Anatomy of the skin, showing the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Melanocytes are in the layer of basal cells at the deepest part of the epidermis.
HEMAL NODES are present in what animal?
CATTLE
Then, may isang question na dinefine ang hemal nodes tapos may CARABAO sa choices
, edi yun ang sinagot ko……
What animal daw kung saan present ang both minor and major pancreatic ducts?
According sa libro, Horse and Dog, kaso yung dalawa present mga choices.
Part of the claw?
Ungual process
During spaying of the bitch, what structures are usually cut?
a. ovary
b. ovary and oviduct
c. uterus
d. ovary, uterus and oviduct
d. ovary, uterus and oviduct
Myoepithelial cells?
MAMMARY GLAND
2 questions about STRATUM MEDIUM
The horn of the hoof wall that is produced by the coronary dermis. The stratum medium makes up most of the wall substance.
It consists of many elongated cylinders of horn (horn tubules) lying parallel to each other and running continously from the coronary band to the bearing edge. The horn tubules are grown from the epidermis of the cornary papillae; between the tubules, the strong intertubular horn forms a matrix in which the tubules are embedded. This type of horn grows from the coronary epidermis between the papillae.The horn varies slightly in structure and pigmentation from the outer-most layers (high tubular density, usually pigmented) to the inner-most layers (low tubular density, un-pigmented).
Non-bearing weight?
ULNA
Abundant Elastin?
NUCHAL LIGAMENT
Cricoid cartilage
LARYNX
Ribs are connected to what vertebra?
THORACIC
Parang ang tanong is part of vertebrae where in in separates muscles from dorsal and ventral
side
Transverse Process
Artery that supplies the most of the caudal digestive organs?
a. caudal gluteal artery
b. caudal mesenteric artery
…….etc
b. caudal mesenteric artery
in birds, structure that surrounds the ovum
VITELLINE MEMBRANE
Widest aspiration of bone marrow in ox.
6th to 8th rib
Cells that forms the blastodisc?
a. blastocyte
b. blastocyst
c. blastoderm
d. blastomere
b. blastocyst
What deciduous tooth in dogs that has the longest stay?
CANINE
Heinz body
DENATURED HEMOGLOBIN
Paired muscles that open the jaw?
DIGASTRICUS
Cervical disc displacement is most common in?
DACHSHUND
Animal without tapetum lucidum?
Pig and man
Orbicularis oris closes what?
Mouth
Dentition of cattle
2( I0/4 C 0/0 P 3/3 M 3/3) = 32
Age of cattle when all the incisors are complete/erupted?
4 years
which animal’s nasal part has hairs? (nasolabialis of cattle os rostri of pig etc.)
Pig
Mature extra embryonic coverings of avian except ?
a. amnion
b. chorion
c. allantois
d. blastodisc
d. blastodisc
type of joint of stifle joint.
Hinge
Type of joint of atlantoaxial joint.
Pivot joint
part of mesenchyme except.
( mesoderm somites etc?
thickest part of hoof of horse (2qs about hoof )
Stratum medium
least affected part when standing.
a. Radius
b. ulna
c. lateral epicondyles
b. ULNA
cartwheel appearance.
a. plasma cell
b. mast cell
c. macrophage
a. plasma cell
unlobulated lungs
a. cattle
b. horse
c. dog
d. pig
HORSE?
Not true of liver
( collagen increases as matures)
cells of blastodisc
a. blastomere
b. blastocyte
c. blastocoele
a. blastomere
cells of cartilage matrix.
chondrocytes
belt like structure
zona adherens
outside part of the mesoderm for excretory organ formation
Intermediate mesoderm
extraembryonic part that is separated due to amniotic cavity.
(chorion)
Hassles corpuscle
Thymus
Most abundant adipose tissue.
a. scrotum and eyelid
b. paw of dog etc
a. scrotum and eyelid
myoepithelial cells.
Mammary gland
Epithelium where horn grows.
Epikeras
Submucosal glands entirely on esophagus.
a. dog
b. cattle
c. pig
d. horse
a. dog
Which structure to close for better healing?
Mesentery
Which structrure to remove in OH?
( uterus and ovaries)
Other terms for 3rd phalanx.
( magnum os pedis pedal bone coffin bone)
clavicle/wishbone
Furcula
medullary on periphery cortex on center
a. Pig
b. Horse
c. Cat
d. Cattle
HOrse?
stiffens the cheek pouch
( buccinator masseter )
hock joint parts
Tarsal joint
stifle joint part
Femorotibial joint = femoropatellar joint
nerve on trochanteric fossa
Sciatic nerve?
nerve on trochanteric fossa
Sciatic nerve?
sensory motor of palate
abduscens, glossopharyngeal or hyoglossal?
dividing into equal halves
Median
ventral part of the cranial cavity
a. temporal
b. occipital
c. sphenoid
c. sphenoid
compressed cone at the distal end of the distal phalanx
ungual process
Nuchal ligament is composed of.
Elastin
prominent on cranial but blunt surface -
olecranon etc
.
cells on mature embryonic avian membrane -
Blastomere?
with minimal sliding movement on carpal part
,what kind of joint?
a. plane
b. saddle etc
a. plane
which is true of germ epithelial layer?
involves formation of 3 germ layers? it lacks
fibers during formation? Etc
buoyancy of embryo
amnion
what major nerve supplies the paw?
Ulnar nerve
situational ,omotransversarius ,etc what nerve is
affected.
(spinal accessory n)
.3 embryonic layer 1 maternal layer
(endotheliochorial)
which supplies the radial artery?
( brachial artery deep brachial artery
divides the dorsal and ventral etc
(transverse process)
inferior alveolar
lOwer
Alveoli is present in
mandible and maxilla)
bone marrow aspiration in cow
(9-10)?
brachiocephalicus trunk nerve supply
Cervical spinal nerve
Penetrated first by the sperm during fertilization.
Corona radiata)
Animal with palatine tonsil
Pig
Primary extensor of elbow
Triceps brachii
Lining epithelium of abomasum-
Simple columnar epithelium
Pinna
.
Elastic connective tissue
Trachea-
Hyaline connective tissue
Outermost fetal membrane
Chorion
The muscle that most completely covers the
disolateral surface of the femur
biceps femoris
Growth in height of a young dog
physes
Muscle most closely in contact with the ventral
surface of cervical vertebrae and intervertebral
disks
- longus colli
The tendon of the infraspinatus muscle that best
revealed by detaching and retracting the tendon
of insertion of which muscle?
Deltoideus
Which bone or portion of the bone in the thoracic limb is least stressed by the weight of the animal during the support phase of locomotion
Ulna
OH in cat, where is the incision?
a. Caudally from the pubis
b. From umbilicus to pubis
c. Cranially from pubis
d. Midway between pubis and umbillicus
d. Midway between pubis and umbillicus
Cranial nerve IV
Trochlear
Animal with absent right middle lobe kidney
Horse
Function of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Opening of the rima glottides?
Coronary arteries are branches of
Aorta
Cardiac system embryological derivation
Mesoderm
No action on shoulder joint
Brachialis
Acetabulum and femur fracture
Ball and socket fracture
Inflammation of the following causes pain and lameness in horse?
a. Bursa,
b. frog,
c. coffin,
d. laminae
a. Bursa,
Which artery supplies blood to the teeth of the inferior (lower) dental arcade?
Inferior alveolar artery
Gallbladder of pig is located between
Quadrate and right medial lobe
Peterson’s eye block bony landmarks
Frontal process of zygomatic bone, temporal process of zygomatic bone Coronoid process of mandible
Animal with facial artery
Cattle
Artery present in ox but absent in goat
Facial artery
Location of omasum
Located at the ventral half on the right side of the abdomen, and is separated from the right abdominal wall by the lesser omentum
Diencephalon
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Caudal end of trachea and responsible for sound production
Syrinx
Absent in the large intestine of birds?
a. Cecum
b. colon
c. rectum
d. colorectum
b. colon
Immediate backflow of blood into the lungs due to stenosis of which heart valve?
a. Aortic
b. Pulmonary
c. Left AV valve
d. right AV valve
c. Left AV valve
Does not belong to the group?
a. Rhombencephalon,
b. diencephalon,
c. metencephalon,
d. myelencephalon
a. Rhombencephalon,
Cotyledonary placentation.
Cattle
Transitional epithelum
Urinary bladder
Tongue
Glossopharyngeal
Palatine
Hypoglossal
Accessory sex gland absent n cats
Ampullary and vesicular
Heinz body
Denatured haemoglobin
Howell jolly
Nuclear remnant
Brunners gland
Duodenum
Scent gland of goat
Horn base
Non-seasonal polyestruns spp
Cattle/goats
Primary extensor of the elbow.
triceps brachii
Lining epithelium of abomasum
simple columnar glandular
Cheek muscle:
Buccinator movement/action: lateral
Ovulation fossa
horse
Nuchal ligament
Elastin
Muscle opens the mouth
levator labii maxillaris
Muscle opens the jaw
digastricus
Epithelium where the horn grow
epikeras
Non seasonal polyestrus
cattle and pig
Damage accesorry carpal bones
sinking of something
Buoyancy of embryo inside the dam
coelom
Surface of the teeth in contact to the cheek
vestibular surface
Nerve supply the upper dental arcade
infraorbital nerve
How many roots does upper 4th premolar tooth have?
3 roots
All of the following are lined with non-glandular epithelium EXCEPT
abomasum
Muscle that close the jaw
masseter muscle
temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles.
“S” Shape organ
Heart
Male reproductive organ
penis, scrotum and testicles.
Cricoid can be found in
Larynx
Tunica adventitia counterpart in body cavities
Tunica serosa
Tunic of the blood vessels
tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. Capillaries have only a tunica intima layer.
ocation po ng gallbladder sa pig or cow?
right and caudate lobe
Used to determine age ng goat up to 2 years of age
dentition
Full-mouth in cattle
4 years old
Bonchus vs bronchiole
Absence of cartilage in bronchioles
Transitional epithelium
urinary
Heinz body
a. fragment hemogobin
b. denatured haemoglobin
c. nuclear fragment
b. denatured haemoglobin
Scanty yolk
a. Microlecithal
b. Mesolicithal
c. Macrolecithal
d. Oligolicithal
d. Oligolicithal
Towards the ground
Ventral
Most numerous coccygeal vertebrae
pig (dog not included in the choices)
Dog >Pig>Cattle/Horse>Sheep
Which muscle is to be reflected to expose the lateral aspect of the hip joint?
Quadriceps femoris
Similar to desmosome but smaller/
a. Hemidesmosome
b. Zonula adherens
c. Macula adherens
a. Hemidesmosome
Single bones of the skull.
a. vomer,
b. mandible,
c. hyoid
a. vomer,
Largest artery supplying the forepaw
a. Ulnar
b. Radial
c. Common digital artery
d. common palmar artery
c. Common palmar artery
Animal with howell-jolly bodies.
a. Pig
b. Dog
c. Goat
d. Chicken
d. Chicken
but in other reference, Howell-Jolly bodies can be seen in the following situations: In normal cats and horses (non-sinusoidal spleens): Howell-Jolly bodies are not removed as readily as in dogs or cattle, so low numbers may be seen. Regenerative anemia: All species. Compromised or absent splenic function: Corticosteroids, splenectomy.
Principal extensor of stifle innervated by sciatic nerve.
a. Quadriceps femoris
b. Rectus femoris
c. Vastus medialis
a. Quadriceps femoris
Separation of head from the body is mostly done on which joint?
Atlanto-occipital joint
Acellular layer surrounding the oocyte
a. Zona glomerulosa
b. Zona pellucida
c. Zona intima
b. Zona pellucida
Hairless layer of the skin.
a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum spinosum
c. Stratum tectorium
d. Stratum granulosum
d. Stratum granulosum
There are more layers of cells in thicker hairless skin with an additional layer, known as the stratum lucidum.
Does not drain in hepatic vein
Rectum
Animal with present soft palate tonsils instead of lateral tonsils?
a. Pig
b. Cattle
c. Horse
b. Cattle
What mesoderm is located lateral to dorsal mesoderm? (Considered dorsal as paraxial)?
a. Lateral
b. Intermediate
c. Dorsal
b. Intermediate
Lateral depression on pharynx/larynx that allow lateral movement and something related to vocalization is absent in what animal?
a. Horse
b. Pig
c. Cattle
b. Pig
The following composes mesenchyme. Which is NOT included?
a. Dorsal splanchnic mesoderm
b. Lateral splanchnic mesoderm
c. Lateral somatic mesoderm
a. Dorsal splanchnic mesoderm
Not derived from ectoderm? 2 questions
a. External sensory organs
b. Claw
c. Glands of skin
d. Endocrine glands
d. Endocrine glands
Not derived from endoderm?
a. Respiratory lining except nasal
b. Pharynx
c. Connective tissue
c. Connective tissue
After linea alba, what muscle can be cut parallel and between muscle fibers from left to right?
a. Transverse
b. Internal abdominal oblique
c. Ext. abdominal oblique
d. Rectus abdominis
a. Transverse
Muscles to cut and reflect to expose femur?
a. Biceps femoris & vastus lateralis
b. Quadriceps femoris & vastus lateralis
a. Biceps femoris & vastus lateralis
To fully expose dorsal area of hip, transect and retract the insertion of what muscle?
a. Tensor fascie latae
b. Biceps femoris
a. Tensor fascie latae
Main extensor of stifle?
Quadriceps femoris
Largest & supply most blood to paw?
a. Radial artery
b. Common palmar artery
b. Common palmar artery
Stage after blastula, presence of invagination?
a. Gastrula
b. Primitive gut
c. Morula
a. Gastrula
Composition of Achilles Tendon (Given Superficial muscle)?
a. Gastrocnemius
b. Soleus
a. Gastrocnemius
Cornual nerve block?
a. between base of ear and horn
b. between lateral eye canthus to horn
c. between medial eye canthus to horn
a. between base of ear and horn
Levator labii maxillaris?
a. Elevates upper lips
b. Elevates upper & lower lips
a. Elevates upper lips
Teeth surface filed?
a. Occlusal
b. Labial
c. Buccal
a. Occlusal
Defect in cranial nerve?
a. Movement of tongue
b. Cranial movement of shoulder
a. Movement of tongue
Exit of facial nerve?
Stylomastoid foramen
Spinal nerve exit from formation of adjacent vertebra?
Intervertebral foramen
GI tract of avian compared to mammals?
a. Short and compact
b. Faster digestion
c. Acidic
a. Short and compact
Brunner’s gland location.
a. Submucosa of duodenum
b. Mucosa of duodenum
a. Submucosa of duodenum
Vascular tissue?
a. Cornea
b. Lens
c. Hyaline cartilage
d. Elastic cartilage
a. Cornea
Foot pad?
a. Stratum tectorium
b. Stratum lucidum
b. Stratum lucidum
Hemal node present in what animal?
a. Cattle
b. Horse & cattle
b. Horse & cattle
cattle lang ang sagot sa LEAP total recall pero sa kasali ang Horse base sa agris.fao.org
Combination of external jugular vein & subclavian vein gives rise to brachiocephalic vein that is present in what animal?
a. Horse
b. Dog
c. Cattle
d. Pig
Check other reference
Animal with most numbered coccygeal vertebra
Canine/Porcine? (20-23)
Animal with shortest mesentery.
A.pig
B.dog
C.horse
D.cattle
????
Animal with 4 thoracic vertebrae less than horse (T18).
Porcine (T14)
S shape organ.
Heart
Structure derived from the Ectoderm.
S- E-N-SOr
- Skin
- Epithelium of oral and nasal cavities
- Nervous system
- Sense ORgan
Structures derived from the Mesoderm.
System of URO and GENI together with the COMPONENTS of CIRCULATing CT, Masked the BONES
- Urinary System
- Genital System
- Components of Circulatory system (Arteries, Veins, Capillaries)
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle
- Bones
Structures derived from the Endoderm.
“Systematic Digestion thru Mucosal Epi of respi glands”
- Digestive system
- -Mucosal Epithelium
- Respiratory glands
Blood vessel origin.
Yolk
Period of hair growth.
Anagen
Sperm nucleus becomes the.
Head
Sperm Golgi apparatus becomes the.
Acrosomal cap
Sperm Mitochondria becomes the.
Spiral Filament in the Midpiece
Sperm Centrioles becomes the.
Located in the neck of sperm
Sperm Cytoplasm becomes the.
Envelope around the head, middle piece and tail.
Sperm Centrosome becomes the.
Axial filament of the tail
Margo plicatus is found in what spp.?
Horse
Margo Plicatus definition.
Demarcation of glandular and aglandular portion in the stomach of horse.
Acetabulum.
Femur
Achilles tendon.
Flex stifle and extend the hock
Muscle that retracts the tongue.
Hyoglossus
What cranial nerve is Hypoglossal nerve?
CN XII
Belt-like structure
A. Zona occludens
B. Macula adherens
C. Desmosome
D. Hemidesmosome
A. Zona occludens
Uveal tract.
CCI -Ciliary body, Choroid, Iris
Pancreas supplied by:
Celiac trunk, Cranial Mesenteric artery
Urethral process.
Goat and Cattle
that’s why catheterization is difficult
Dentition formula of dog (adult)
2 (3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3) = 42 (Merck)
28 deciduous teeth
Pelvic diaphragm is composed of fascia and:
Levator ani and coccygeus
Innervation of tibialis muscle.
Perineal/fibular nerve
Innervation of gastrocnemius.
Tibial nerve
Permanent tooth evident along with deciduous dentition in horses.
First upper premolar tooth
Lobe of lungs which is absent in horse.
Right medial (cardiac) lobe
How many lobes are present in bird’s kidney?
3
Demarcation of farrier in hoof trimming?
White line
White line
External coat of hoof epithelium.
Germinal epithelium
Woven bone aka.
Lamellar bone
Neural tube becomes?
CNS
Paired muscle that opens the jaw?
Digastricus
First permanent tooth to erupt in horse?
First upper premolar
Cleavage of mammalian ovum
Oligolecithal (meager amount of yolk); Isolecithal (evenly distributed)
Paraxial mesoderm develops into?
Somites
Parts of horse hoof?
Frog (anticoncussion)
Outer covering of yolk?
Vitelline membrane
Hydrops allantois….
Bovine
characterized by the pathological accumulation of abnormal volumes of allantoic or amniotic fluid which may measure in excess of 200 litres.
Spiral colon?
Porcine
Transverse complete midshaft fracture will result to?
Distal part of femur will draw caudally due to pull of muscle
Cannon bone is also known as the?
MT3
Where is the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney?
loop of Henle
Description of dolicocephalic
having a relatively long skull (typically with the breadth less than 80 [or 75] percent of the length)
Active cell growth in young dog? -Stateboard
physis
Largest artery supplying paw?
a. radial
b. ulnar
c. palmar digital
d. palmar
a. radial
Not derived from monocytes?
a. macrophage
b. histiocytes
c. non-segmented neutrophil
c. non-segmented neutrophil
Separates muscle groups in lumbar vertebra?
transverse spinous process
After a 5 year-old Mongrel dog is hit by a car, you confirm a fracture at the left humeral diaphysis at the junction of the middle and distal thirds. Which nerve is most likely to be injured when the fracture occurs or during surgical repair?
a. humeral n.
b. musculocutaneous n.
c. radial n.
d. ulnar n.
check -Stateboard
For repair of a mid-diaphyseal femoral fracture, the fascia lata is incised and the femur is exposed by retraction of the? -Stateboard
a. rectus femoris and biceps femoris
b. vastus lateralis and biceps femoris
a. rectus femoris and vastus lateralis
a. vastus intermedius and rectus femoris
check Stateboard
Cornual artery is a branch of?
a. supraorbital a.
b. deep temporal a.
c. superficial temporal a.
d. maxilalry a.
d. maxilalry a.
Number of phalanges per digit of dog excluding M1?
3
Raises the upper lip? Note: No incivus
levator nasolabialis
Muscle that closes the mouth?
orbicularis oris
For determination of age in ruminants?
occlusal surface
Formation of albumin? Note: no magnum in choices
isthmus
Species with cloudy urine?
horse
How many sacral bone fused in dog?
3?
Questions on placentation, eg. Placentation with 5 layers intact?
syndesmochorial
Increase angles between bones?
extensors
Extent of hoof clipped in trimming?
white line
Most internal portion of mesoderm.
a. Splanchnic
b. Extraembryonic
c. Somatic
a. Splanchnic
Most external portion of mesoderm?
a. Splanchnic
b. Extraembryonic
c. Somatic
b. Extraembryonic
“ExSoSplan”
Mesoderm that is locate lateral to the neural tube or notochord ?
a. lateral
b. Intermediate
c. Caudal
d. Dorsal
?
When does the heart starts beating – when 4 chambers are already formed?
a. When the tubes are formed?
b. When the pulmonary trunk is formed?
??
Aside from chorion, the other extraembryonic membrane derived from somatic mesoderm ?
amnion
How does neural tube form (series of events) ?
Groove, plate, tube
What is the adult structure of the lining of the neural tube?
neurons
What species have deep gland in the 3rd eyelid?
a. cattle
b. Pig
c. Goat
d. Carabao
b. Pig
The morphological and histological examinations of the deep gland of the third eyelid were carried out on pig foetuses coming from the 35th, 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation.
Dental formula of dog.
2 ( 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 2/3) = 42
What is the main action of triceps brachii in scapula?
Flex the shoulder joint
Stratum dysjunctium separates from what layer?
Stratum corneum
Staining of fat that is color black.
Sudan (Oil red O is color red, Sudan is black)
Acellular layer that surrounds the oocyte.
Zone pellucida
Layer of follicle that the sperm must penetrate for fertilization.
Zona pellucida
Layer of cells that surrounds the oocyte of a follicle.
glomerulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus or glomerulosa cells of the zona pellucida
Thickening of ectoderm that becomes the neural tube .
– neural plate
Stage of embryonic development where 3 germ layers are produced ?
gastrulation
Clinical neuroanatomy. Example. Dog cannot support its weight in forelimb, what nerve is affected? There is hindlimb paralysis, what nerve is affected? Around 2-3 questions
???
Nerve affected if there is deep laceration in the distal of biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve injury
Nerve supply of brachiocephalicus.
Brachial plexus
3 fetal layer, 1 maternal –
endotheliochorial
3 fetal layer, 3 maternal –
epitheliochorial
Which does not pass through inguinal ring?
deep femoral artery
Structure that separates the femoral ring and inguinal ring?
inguinal ligament
Bone protecting the inner and middle ear ?
temporal bone
Definition of abduction
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. The opposite of abduction is adduction.
Definition of extension/flexion
Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the sagittal plane. They refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts: Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. … Extension of the knee straightens the lower limb.
Definition of sagittal
A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.
Scapular nerve innervates –
infraspinatus and supraspinatus
Hair growth phase –
anagen
Bones comprising the hindlimb –
right and left girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, metatarsals
Separation of centrioles towards opposite poles –
anaphase
Muscles of pharynx
stylopharyngeus, the palatopharyngeus and the salpingopharyngeus.
Muscles of larynx
Extrinsic muscles, which produce the movements of the hyoid bone. These are the infrahyoid (sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid) and suprahyoid muscles (stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid)
Intrinsic muscles, which move the vocal cords in order to produce speech sounds. They are functionally divided into adductors (lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid), abductors (posterior cricoarytenoid), sphincters (transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, aryepiglottic), muscles that tense the vocal cords (cricothyroid), and muscles that relax the vocal cords (thyroarytenoid, vocalis).
Key facts about the muscles of the larynx
Extrinsic muscles
Infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid muscle, omohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, thyrohyoid muscle
Suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid muscle, digastric muscle, mylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid muscle
Key facts about the muscles of the larynx
Intrinsic muscles
Adductors: lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, transverse arytenoid muscle
Abductors: posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Sphincters: transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle, aryepiglottic muscle
Tensors: cricothyroid muscle
Muscles that relax vocal cords: thyroarytenoid muscle, vocalis muscle
What structure has rugae microscopically?
villous, zonary, labyrinthine
Not true about kidneys of pig –
renal pelvis is absent .
RENAL PELVIS is absent in cattle not in pigs
Scrotal hernia
passes through the vaginal tunic
Muscles of the dog that moves cheek medially.
buccinators
1st cervical vertebrae .
atlas
Other term for wishbone.
clavicle
Esophagus of ruminants.
striated all through out
Animal with most numerous mammary gland.
swine
Feather that remains after dressing
piloflume
Animal with air sacs.
avians
Nerve located to the caudal portion of the nasal cavity –
olfactory nerve
Foramen magnum.
where spinal cord passes
Ovary of which animal is located caudal to kidney and at the lumbar portion.
dog/cat or horse
Animal with an ovary with reverse location of medulla and cortex?
Mare
What causes the medulla and cortex of horse’s ovary reverse in location?
Because of ovulation fossa
Ameloblast.
produces enamel
What are the needle teeth?
I3 and C1
Signet ring upon rectal palpation.
prostate gland
Purpose of gubernaculum.
testicle descend
Strongest ligament of the spine.
nuchal
Lyssa.
tongue of dog
Lining epithelium that is flat.
– simple squamous
Nuchal ligament.
– elastin
Kerahyalin granules is found in what layer of the skin.
– Stratum granulosum
Hassal corpusles.
– thymus
Sinusoidal spleen.
– cattle
Animal wherein their Gallbladder is away from liver.
– snake
Absent in chicken.
– colon
First heart beat in chicken.
– Day 2
Structure that separates the epaxial and hypaxial muscles.
– transverse processes
covers the caudo medial part of the thigh
Semimebranosus
Trumpeter’s Muscle-
Buccinator M.
Sternebrae of dogs-
8
Ribs of pigs -
14 pairs
sternal - 7
asternal- 7
sternebrae- 6
The animal has 4 pair of ribs less compared to that of the horses=
pig
Ribs of horse
18 pairs
sternal - 8
asternal- 10
sternebrae- 7
Thoracic vertebral of horse-
T18
C7-T18-L6-S5-Cd 15-21
Common vein of dog and pigs-
brachiocephalic vein
Size of embryo at day __ ?
a. 12mm
b. 10mm
c. 9 mm
d. 7 mm
….
Connects the duodenum and the ileum-
jejunum
Location of peyer’s patches-
ileum
Kind of secretion in sebaceous gland-
a. apocrine,
b. holocrine,
c. mesocrine,
d. endocrine
b. holocrine,
Lining of the blood vessels-
simple squamous epithelium
Spleen of dogs-
Falsiform, long and narrow. Hilus is longitudinal ridge.
Cells involved in the formation of dentine=
odontoblast
Site of blood collection in dogs=
saphenous vein (cephalic vein is not included in the choices)
Urinary system arises from=
mesoderm and endoderm
Central location of yolk=
centrolecithal
The line exposed in ventral midline laparotomy in horses which allows the exposure of the left and right flank=
linea alba
darker color of the adrenal cortex is due to=
lymphocytes
lobulated kidney=
cattle
heart shaped kidney=
horse
Primary site of blood formation in avian=
yolk sac
S- shaped organ during embryo dev’t=
heart
Dehorn cattle at ______ to prevent the exposure of the frontal sinus
4 months
subclavius is present in:
horse, pig and ruminants
muscles of the tongue=
hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus
which part of the CNS initiates conscious movements of the body=
cerebrum
the most distinguishing radiographic feature of rickets results from =
failure of degeneration of the cartilaginous growth plate
Location of peyer’s patch=
ileum
Goblet cells are abundant in the
rectum
Present in nuchal ligament=
elastin
not another name of magnum?=
coffin, ospedalis
lyssa can be found in the
tongue
foramen located near the occipital bone=
foramen magnum
what surface is involved in floating?
occlusal vestibular maxillary lingual mandibular?
Vascular tunic of the eye is composed =
ciliary body, choroid and iris
Purkinje fibers are present in=
cerebellum and endocardium
Longest part of the intestine –
jejunum
Other name for rumen –
paunch
Gastric juices in ruminant stomach –
abomasum
Ruminoreticular groove will directly delivers milk to the? –
abomasums
Not glandular –
gizzard
Ovary can be palpated in situ in? chicken? Cow? Bitch?
?
Ilium, pubis, ischium –
ox coxae
Site of aspiration for bone marrow sample collection
5th-6th ribs
Animal with fused 2nd and 3rd carpal bone?
ruminant
the chorion of the fetus is in direct contact with the epithelium of the uterus of the dam-
epitheliochorial
Location of longus coli
anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra.
t is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical.
Triceps brachii –
extensors of the antebrachii
Review nerve supply of the hind limb
MAGREVIEW KA!!!!!
Animal with discoid placentation-
rodents and primates
Animal with cotyledonary placentation-
ruminants
Components of the Circle of Willis-
The anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, internal carotid, posterior communicating, posterior cerebral, and basilar arteries
First structure to be seen after the right flank of cattle has been opened-
greater omentum
Review the openings in the diaphragm – esopaheal hiatus (for esophagus) caval foramen (for caudal vena cava)
….MEMORIZE MO TO!!!
Segment of small intestine closest to the large intestine-
ileum
lymph nodes checked in pig?
Mandibular lymph node
Toxoplasma
Bradzyoites
Elastic fiber is found in
Nuchal ligament
Urine becomes acidic
Na in exchange with H
Golgi apparatus
Acrosome
Number of Sporozoites in oocyst of eimeria
8
Mulberry shaped
Morula
FSH, LH
Protein + Carbohydrates
Butyric acid
Least fermented in rumen of cattle
Lamellar bone
Mature bone
Nuchal ligament is absent in?
Absent in cat
Center of yolk
Blastodisc
Stratum lucidum
Footpad
Tapetum lucidum
Absent in pig and man
Ovarian fossa
Present in mare
Ciliary body
Near-far vision
Immature goat
a. Sickle cell,
b. anisocytosis,
c. poikilocytosis
…
Transitional epithelium
Bladder
Chondrocyte
Cartilage
Where can u find Brunner’s gland
Duodenal mucosa (secretes secretin)
Liver
Gamma globulin
Magnum
Albumen
Longest stay of egg
Uterus
Cell that first become haploid during spermatogenesis
Secondary spermatogenesis
Passive diffusion
Water
Study about Bainbridge effect in respiratory physiology (2questions)
Bainbridge Reflex is involved in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia. During inhalation intrathoracic pressure decreases. It triggers increased venous return which is registered by stretch receptors, which via Bainbridge Reflex increases the heart rate momentarily during inspiration.
Storage for calcium
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Endotheliochorial
Carnivores
Chorion
Outer layer
IH for Haltertia gallinae
Termites
Effects of Giardia is due to..
Toxin
Drug of choice for Schistosoma
Praziquantel (2x lumabas in diff sub.)
Fenbendazole ?
nematode
Filaroides hirthi mainly lodges in…
Alveoli
Phthiraptera
Lice
Blackflies/Simulidae (more on anatomical features)
Humped over……
Running water
Blackflies
Carried by blackflies causing infection in nearby poultry house
Leukocytozoon
Leukocytozoon affects
WBC + RBC
Common during warm weather
Myiasis
Mosquitoes in a dam that was active at night
Culex spp.
Subcutaneous nodules/ Hemorrhagic nodules
Summer bleeding
Telophase(read thoroughly about phases of cell mitosis; 4 questions in anatomy)
2 daughter cells
Chromosomes align
Metaphase
Haemotopinus suis
Economic significance
Nucleolus is absent
Prophase
Mandibulate
Chewing
Heustellate
Sucking
Argas feed at night
8-legged nymph/ 6-legged larva
Ascaris suum at ceca before migrating to liver
L3
Psoroptes ovis specimen
?????
…………..
Histomonas meleagridis
Blackhead/ Histomoniasis
Lone star tick
_________ (seen at what part of body of animal?) choices legs, ventral part,
Cecal cores eimeria?
E. tenella
Lower SI eimeria?
E. brunetti
Dilatation & thickening of walls, petechial hemorrhage, reddish orange or pink viscous
E. maxima
Rare Dx in cats
Coccidia
Carry trypanosome
Tse-tse flies
Bile duct (lamb heavily infected)
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
The reason why man are afraid to eat sashimi
Diphylobothrium latum
Red worm in stomach
Bunostomum
Oesophagostomum bifurcatum
Nodular worm in monkey
Major determinant for blood viscosity
Hematocrit
Fluid in yolk
Amnion
Ungulate that has serous exudates (lacrimal gland) EXCEPT
Horse
1st to erupt in horse
Premolar 1
Macrolecithal is found in?
birds
Microlecithal is?
scanty
Where does Excess triglyceride deposit…
Adipose tissue or liver ?
Reabsorbed if hyperkalemia occurs; in ECF
Na
Carbon dioxide + ammonia
Blood urea
Co-transport
Na
Secrete pancreatic juice
Secretin
“Enzyme of all enzyme”
Trypsin
Vit. D
Sunlight
Deprive if sulphaquinoxalone is given
Vit. K
LC of Musca (high temp.)
15 days
Afferent arterioles
Angiotensin II
Sphincter (read sympa/parasympa effects)
Parasympathetic
9-12 segments of antennae
Tabanus
IH for Simulium
Mosquitoes
Nursing pig ->diarrhea
Strongyloides ransomi
Hemorrhagic catarrhal exudates
Hystrongylus
tapeworm mainly found on SI
Monieza
Coughing (turkey), gaping movement
Heterakis meleagridis
Syngamus trachea?
gapeworm
Balantidiosis
Swine
Liver covered with CT
Pig
Ig Secreted from (stomach)
IgA
Equine encephalomyelitis
Sarcocytisneurona
Infective stage of ascaris suum
L3
Eleophora phoelli lodges in what part of the body
Aorta
Beetles are the IH..
Thorny headed worm
It is principally found in Bronchi
Filaroidesosleri
Difference between uncinaria&ancylostoma
shape
Rouleaux formation
Horse
Pseudopregnancy in bitch
CL persist till 30-60 days
Paneth cells in fundic region
Stomach
Ionophore toxicity
Skeletal mm.
Sulfanamides moa
interfere with folic acid synthesis by preventing addition of PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID (PABA)
Bacitracin moa
Inhibition of cell wall
Vancomycin moa
Inhibition of cell wall
Spectinomycin moa
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Quinolones moa
Inhibition of DNA
Cobalt
Vit. B12
Iodine
Iodide
Parturient paresis
Ca def..
Iodine
Thyroid
Ototoxic + nephrotoxic adverse effects
Aminoglycoside
Nephrotoxic
Amphotericin B
Paracetamol is toxic to?
Cat
Succinylcholine metabolism
I think its hydrolysis?.. double check
Pernicious anemia
Vit. B12/cobalt
Furosemide
Diuresis
Mannitol
Osmotic
Carbonic anhydrase (-amide)
glaucoma
Aromatic ring?
omatic rings (also known as aromatic compounds or arenes) are hydrocarbons which contain benzene, or some other related ring structure.
Def in conjugating enzyme is observed in?
Neonates
Why hedgehog lifespan is longer?
Very confusing choices..diet?, habitat?, adaptable to environmental change ??
Not susceptible to infarct
Liver
Bay
Solid color in horses
Gastrocnemius
site of IM injection in Chelonians
1st to undergo rigor mortis
Jaw
Esophageal obstruction
Choke
Treatment for Aggression in mares
Administration of progestins
Muscle that opens the jaw –
digastricus
Vertebra where the ribs are connected –
thoracic vertebrae
Part of the vertebra that divides the muscle into dorsal and ventral parts –
transverse process
Damaged tendon of Achilles, what would be the effect –
inability to extend the hock
Outermost layer of the three germ layers –
ectoderm
Part of the body lined with endoderm layer, except –
lining of the anus
Dehorning schedule of cattle –
before 4 months
Lateral covering of the brain case –
squamous part of the temporal bone
Body cavity that is close in males but open in female –
pelvic cavity
Movement of the proximal portion of the tibia caudally, relative to the femur –
torn caudal cruciate ligament
After incision of the right paralumbar fossa in ruminants, what will be the 1st structure to be seen? –
greater omentum and descending duodenum
Part of the trachea that function stabilize the rings –
cricoids cartilage
Ring-like tracheal cartilage –
cricoid cartilage
Which of the following is false – sheep, goat and cattle does not have renal pelvis
( dapat cattle only)
Splancnic bone present in the dog –
os penis
Nucleus pulposus is derived from –
notochord
In pigs, the organ which does not drain in the portal vein –
liver
Blood supply of the bladder is derived from what fetal vessels –
urachus and umbilical arteries
Blood supply of the hoof –
corium
Permanent tooth of the horse that is at the same time with that of the deciduos teeth –
1st premolar or wolf tooth
The ascending colon in pigs receives its blood supply from the –
right colic artery and branches of cranial mesenteric artery
In ruminants with horn, which paranasal sinus is characterized by postorbital, nuchal and cornual diverticula? –
caudal frontal sinus
In ruminants, paranasal sinuses drain into or communicate with –
middle nasal and ethmoid meati
Temporal line is an important landmark for anesthetizing the bovine horn, which is part of the –
frontal bone
Artery which is present in ox but not in small ruminants –
facial artery
The peritoneal reflection located between the urinary bladder and the reproductive organs –
vesiculogeniital excavation
Species with both major and accessory pancreatic duct –
horse (dog is also in the choices, both species have the ducts)
Venous drainage from the reproductive tract is said to drain into venous circle at the base of the udder by way of –
ventral perineal vein
What artery can be palpated in the structure surrounded by the Sartorius cranially and pectineus caudally –
femoral artery
Transitional epithelium is characteristic feature of –
urinary bladder
Type of secretion where in only the apical surface of the cell is lost and is usually found in the mammary gland –
apocrine
The period of hair growth in which the hair grows –
anagen
Dentin is formed by -
odontoblast
Type of placentation of dog and cat
zonary
Type of placentation of goats –
cotelydonary
Most inner layer of the epidermis –
stratum basale
- basale for base
Hemal nodes are present in –
ruminants
Type of joint found in the digits and costal arch –
syndesmosis
What species has the submucosal gland along the entire length of esophagus –
dog
Margo plicatus is found in what species –
horse
Pinealocytes are found in what gland –
pineal gland
Myoepithelial cells are predominant in –
mammary gland
Structures lined by simple squamous epithelium –
blood vessels
Type of lining described as having the same width and length –
cuboidal epithelium
Type of lining described as flat and scale-like –
squamous epithelium
Most sensitive stage in the development of embryo-
gastrulation
Short and wide head –
brachycephalic
Short and broad head –
brachycepahilc
Medium sized head like in dachshund –
mesaticephalic
Part of the claw – ungual process? Ungual crest?
..
Composition of uvea –
ciliary body, iris, choroid
Which of the following will be removed in ovariohysterctomy –
ovary, uterus and oviduct
The salivary gland present only in dog –
zygomatic gland
Which does not totally passed the inguinal canal –
femoral artery
Being blocked during dehorning –
cornual nerve (cornual block)
Identical twin that came from a single ovum –
monozygotic
Located between dorsal and lateral mesoderm?
– intermediate mesoderm?
Located lateral to the notochord?
– lateral mesoderm?
The vertebrae not prone to intervertebral disc disease
– cervical vertebra
Muscle that holds the eye in upright position?
superior rectus
