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triple sciene > Physics Topic 3/4 > Flashcards

Physics Topic 3/4 Flashcards

1
Q

Density=

A

Mass/volume

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2
Q

The density of a object depends on

A

What it’s made of and how it’s particles are arrange

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3
Q

Density is the measurements of

A

The compactness of a object

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4
Q

A dense material has

A

Particles tightly packed together

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5
Q

Describe a solid

A

Strong force of attraction to hold particles in a fixed arrangement.m particles don’t have much energy so cant vibrate density is highest

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6
Q

Describe a liquid

A

Weaker forces of attraction between particles, particles close together but can move past each others do form irregular arrangement. Particles move in random directions at low speed

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7
Q

Describe Gases

A

No forces of attraction between particles they have more energy and are free to move in random directions at high speeds low density

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8
Q

When you Heat a liquid it

A

Evaporates into a gas

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9
Q

When you heat a solid it

A

Melts to become a liquid

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10
Q

A gas to a liquid Is

A

Condensation

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11
Q

Solid to gas is

A

Sublimating

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12
Q

When a substance is is melting or boiling you’re still

A

Putting in energy and so increasing the internal energy but the energy is used for breaking intermolecular forces rather than raining the temp

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13
Q

Flat spots on the graph is where

A

Enregy is being transferred by heating not to change the temp

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14
Q

When a substance is condensing or freezing the bonds are

A

Forming between particles which releases energy

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15
Q

Releasing energy means the

A

Internal energy decreases abut temp doesn’t go down until all the substance has turned to liquid or solid

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16
Q

The flat parts on condensing graph shows

A

Energy transfer

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17
Q

The energy needed to change a substance is called l

A

Latent heat

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18
Q

The specific latent heat of something is

A

Amount of energy required to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without changing its temp

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19
Q

For cooling specific latent heat is the enregy

A

Released by a change state

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20
Q

Specific latent heat is different for

A

Different materials and different states

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21
Q

The specific latent heat from changing to solid and liquid is called

A

Specific latent heat of fusion

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22
Q

Specific latent heat for changing between a liquid and a gas is called

A

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

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23
Q

Energy =

A

Mass x specicic latent heat

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24
Q

SLH is in

A

J/kg

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25
To find density of solid objects
1) measure its mass 2) messure length height and width and calculate volume 3) use equation
26
Density of irregular object-
1) measure mass 2) find its volume by submerging it into eureka can filled with water 3) the water which is displaced by the object will be transferred to measuring cylinder 4) record the volum of water in the measuring cylinder
27
Internal energy is the
Energy stored by the particles that make up a system
28
Specific latent heat
Energy needed to change the state of a 1kg mass
29
Specific latent heat of a substance is
The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of it from one state to another w out changing the temperature
30
The particles in gas are
Constantly moving with random directions and speeds
31
If you increase the temp of a gas you
Transfer energy into the kinetic energy stores of the particles
32
Change of state is a
Physical change
33
What happens during change of state
Number of particles don't change just arranged differently
34
Change of state requires
Energy
35
Internal energy is
The stored energy by the particles that make up a system
36
The particles have energy in their
Kinetic energy stores
37
The energy stored in a system is stored by its
Particles
38
They also have a ____________ due to their position
Potential energy store
39
Internal energy of a system is the
Total energy that it's particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores
40
Heating a system transfers energy to
It's particles kinetic stores and move it faster
41
Heating a system can lead to
Change in temp or state
42
A change in state occurs if
Substance is heated enough particles will have enough energy in their kinetic energy store to break the bond
43
What are flat spots on heating graph is where
Energy is being transferred by heating but not being used to change the temp. Intermolecular bonds are breaking , changing states
44
When a substance is condensing or freezing bonds are
Forming which releases energy , internal energy decreases
45
Energy needed to change state of a substance is called
Latent heat
46
Specific latent heat of a substance
Amount of energy needed to change 1kg of it to another state without changing the temp
47
For cooling, specific latent heat if the energy
Released by a change in state
48
Specific latent heat for changing between liquid and gas is called
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
49
The temp of a gas is related to
Average energy in th kinetic energy stores
50
The higher the temp in a gas
The higher the average speed
51
When gas particle collide with something they
Excert a force
52
What can lead to increase in net force and gas pressure
Increasing temp, increases speed and pressure
53
If the temp is constant and volume is increased
Particles get more spread out and hit walls less often
54
How do you decrease gas pressure
Temp constant volume increase
55
Pressure and volume are
Inversely proportional
56
When volume goes up
Pressure goes down
57
How do you increase gas pressure
Increasing temp decreasing volume
58
The pressure of a gas causes a
Net outward force at right angles to the surface of container
59
If you transfer energy by applying a force you do
Work
60
Doing work on gas increases
It internal energy which can in case temp
61
Isotopes are
Different. Forms of same element
62
``` X =? EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE Y=? ```
Y= amount of protons( and electron)-mass number X=total number of protons+nuetrons.- atomic number E- element
63
Rutherford replaced the _________ with the
Plum pudding model | Nucleur model
64
JJ thompson discovered
Particles called electrons
65
Who discover plum pudding model
Thompson
66
What is the plum passing mode,
Sphere of positive charge with tiny negative electrons stuck in them
67
Who was the founder of the alpha scattering particle
Rutherford
68
What was the alpha scattering experiment
Firing q beam of alpha particles at thing gold foil
69
What happened when they did the alpha scattering
Some particles went straight through some deflected back
70
Why did some particles deflect back in alpha particle experiment
Because nucleus has a positive charge and reppeled alpha positive particles
71
Why did most particles go straight through
Most of atom empty space
72
Current model of atom
Positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons in energy levels at certain distances
73
Who proved the existence of the nuetron and what did it explain
Jameschadwick | Imbalance between the atomic and mass number
74
Electrons gain energy they
Move to a higher energy level further from nucleus
75
If electrons release EM radiation they
Move to a lower energy level closer to nucleus
76
How do electrons gains energy
By absorbing EM radiation
77
Radius of a atom is
1x10*10
78
Size of nucleus
10 000 times smaller than radius of atom
79
Nucleus is tiny but
Makes up most of the mass of the atom
80
Mass number is the
Top number
81
Atomic number is the
Bottom number
82
Isotopes are
Elements with atoms of same number of protons but different number of nuetrons
83
Unstable isotopes
Decay into other elements and give out radiation
84
Radioactive decay
Unstable isotopes decaying and giving out radiation trying to become more stable
85
Types of ionising radiation
Alpha beta gama
86
Ionising radiation.
Radiation that knocks electrons of atoms creating positive ions
87
Alpha particles are
Helium nuclei
88
Alpha particle contains
Two nuetrons and protons
89
Alpha radiation is when
Alpha particles are emmited from nucleus
90
Aplha particles - penetration
They don't penetrate far into materials and are stopped quickly
91
How much can alpha particles travel
Few cm in air and are absorbed by a sheet of paper
92
Alpha particles- ionisation
Strongly ionising because of size
93
Beta particles are
High speed electrons
94
Beta particles - mass and charge
No mass and -1 charge
95
Beta particles - ionisation and penetration
Moderately ionising and pentetrate moderately far into materials before colliding in air
96
Beta particles - absorption and emition
Absorbed by 5mm of aluminium | For every beta particle emitted a nuetron in the nucleus has turned into a proton
97
Gamma rays are
EM waves with short wave lengths
98
Gamma rays are waves of
Electromagnetic radiation released by nucleus
99
Gamma rays- penetration and absorption
Penetrate far into materials w out being stopped and will travel long distances through air Absorbed by thick sheets of lead or metres of concrete
100
Gamma rays are weakly ionising because e
They tend to pass through rather than collide w atoms eventually they hit something to do damage
101
Nucleur radiation are a way of showing
Radioactive decay
102
Alpha decay decreases the
Charge and mass of nucleus
103
When an atom emits alpha particles its
Atomic number decreases by 2 | Mass number decreases by 4
104
Beta decay increases the
Charge of the nucleus
105
Alpha decay symbol
4 H E 2
106
Beta decay symbol
0 E -1
107
When beta decay occurs
Neutron in nucleus turns into a protons and releases a fast moving electron
108
What changes when beta decay takes place
Atomic number increases because proton has been added
109
Gamma rays don't change the
Charge or the mass of the nucleus
110
Gamma rays are a way of
Getting rid of excess energy from the nucleus

triple sciene (15 decks)

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