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triple sciene > Physics Topic 3/4 > Flashcards

Physics Topic 3/4 Flashcards

1
Q

Density=

A

Mass/volume

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2
Q

The density of a object depends on

A

What it’s made of and how it’s particles are arrange

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3
Q

Density is the measurements of

A

The compactness of a object

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4
Q

A dense material has

A

Particles tightly packed together

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5
Q

Describe a solid

A

Strong force of attraction to hold particles in a fixed arrangement.m particles don’t have much energy so cant vibrate density is highest

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6
Q

Describe a liquid

A

Weaker forces of attraction between particles, particles close together but can move past each others do form irregular arrangement. Particles move in random directions at low speed

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7
Q

Describe Gases

A

No forces of attraction between particles they have more energy and are free to move in random directions at high speeds low density

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8
Q

When you Heat a liquid it

A

Evaporates into a gas

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9
Q

When you heat a solid it

A

Melts to become a liquid

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10
Q

A gas to a liquid Is

A

Condensation

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11
Q

Solid to gas is

A

Sublimating

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12
Q

When a substance is is melting or boiling you’re still

A

Putting in energy and so increasing the internal energy but the energy is used for breaking intermolecular forces rather than raining the temp

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13
Q

Flat spots on the graph is where

A

Enregy is being transferred by heating not to change the temp

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14
Q

When a substance is condensing or freezing the bonds are

A

Forming between particles which releases energy

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15
Q

Releasing energy means the

A

Internal energy decreases abut temp doesn’t go down until all the substance has turned to liquid or solid

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16
Q

The flat parts on condensing graph shows

A

Energy transfer

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17
Q

The energy needed to change a substance is called l

A

Latent heat

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18
Q

The specific latent heat of something is

A

Amount of energy required to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without changing its temp

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19
Q

For cooling specific latent heat is the enregy

A

Released by a change state

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20
Q

Specific latent heat is different for

A

Different materials and different states

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21
Q

The specific latent heat from changing to solid and liquid is called

A

Specific latent heat of fusion

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22
Q

Specific latent heat for changing between a liquid and a gas is called

A

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

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23
Q

Energy =

A

Mass x specicic latent heat

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24
Q

SLH is in

A

J/kg

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25
Q

To find density of solid objects

A

1) measure its mass
2) messure length height and width and calculate volume
3) use equation

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26
Q

Density of irregular object-

A

1) measure mass
2) find its volume by submerging it into eureka can filled with water
3) the water which is displaced by the object will be transferred to measuring cylinder
4) record the volum of water in the measuring cylinder

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27
Q

Internal energy is the

A

Energy stored by the particles that make up a system

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28
Q

Specific latent heat

A

Energy needed to change the state of a 1kg mass

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29
Q

Specific latent heat of a substance is

A

The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of it from one state to another w out changing the temperature

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30
Q

The particles in gas are

A

Constantly moving with random directions and speeds

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31
Q

If you increase the temp of a gas you

A

Transfer energy into the kinetic energy stores of the particles

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32
Q

Change of state is a

A

Physical change

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33
Q

What happens during change of state

A

Number of particles don’t change just arranged differently

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34
Q

Change of state requires

A

Energy

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35
Q

Internal energy is

A

The stored energy by the particles that make up a system

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36
Q

The particles have energy in their

A

Kinetic energy stores

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37
Q

The energy stored in a system is stored by its

A

Particles

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38
Q

They also have a ____________ due to their position

A

Potential energy store

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39
Q

Internal energy of a system is the

A

Total energy that it’s particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores

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40
Q

Heating a system transfers energy to

A

It’s particles kinetic stores and move it faster

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41
Q

Heating a system can lead to

A

Change in temp or state

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42
Q

A change in state occurs if

A

Substance is heated enough particles will have enough energy in their kinetic energy store to break the bond

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43
Q

What are flat spots on heating graph is where

A

Energy is being transferred by heating but not being used to change the temp. Intermolecular bonds are breaking , changing states

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44
Q

When a substance is condensing or freezing bonds are

A

Forming which releases energy , internal energy decreases

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45
Q

Energy needed to change state of a substance is called

A

Latent heat

46
Q

Specific latent heat of a substance

A

Amount of energy needed to change 1kg of it to another state without changing the temp

47
Q

For cooling, specific latent heat if the energy

A

Released by a change in state

48
Q

Specific latent heat for changing between liquid and gas is called

A

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

49
Q

The temp of a gas is related to

A

Average energy in th kinetic energy stores

50
Q

The higher the temp in a gas

A

The higher the average speed

51
Q

When gas particle collide with something they

A

Excert a force

52
Q

What can lead to increase in net force and gas pressure

A

Increasing temp, increases speed and pressure

53
Q

If the temp is constant and volume is increased

A

Particles get more spread out and hit walls less often

54
Q

How do you decrease gas pressure

A

Temp constant volume increase

55
Q

Pressure and volume are

A

Inversely proportional

56
Q

When volume goes up

A

Pressure goes down

57
Q

How do you increase gas pressure

A

Increasing temp decreasing volume

58
Q

The pressure of a gas causes a

A

Net outward force at right angles to the surface of container

59
Q

If you transfer energy by applying a force you do

A

Work

60
Q

Doing work on gas increases

A

It internal energy which can in case temp

61
Q

Isotopes are

A

Different. Forms of same element

62
Q 
X     =?
    EEEEE
    EEEEE
    EEEEE
Y=?
A

Y= amount of protons( and electron)-mass number
X=total number of protons+nuetrons.- atomic number
E- element

63
Q

Rutherford replaced the _________ with the

A

Plum pudding model

Nucleur model

64
Q

JJ thompson discovered

A

Particles called electrons

65
Q

Who discover plum pudding model

A

Thompson

66
Q

What is the plum passing mode,

A

Sphere of positive charge with tiny negative electrons stuck in them

67
Q

Who was the founder of the alpha scattering particle

A

Rutherford

68
Q

What was the alpha scattering experiment

A

Firing q beam of alpha particles at thing gold foil

69
Q

What happened when they did the alpha scattering

A

Some particles went straight through some deflected back

70
Q

Why did some particles deflect back in alpha particle experiment

A

Because nucleus has a positive charge and reppeled alpha positive particles

71
Q

Why did most particles go straight through

A

Most of atom empty space

72
Q

Current model of atom

A

Positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons in energy levels at certain distances

73
Q

Who proved the existence of the nuetron and what did it explain

A

Jameschadwick

Imbalance between the atomic and mass number

74
Q

Electrons gain energy they

A

Move to a higher energy level further from nucleus

75
Q

If electrons release EM radiation they

A

Move to a lower energy level closer to nucleus

76
Q

How do electrons gains energy

A

By absorbing EM radiation

77
Q

Radius of a atom is

A

1x10*10

78
Q

Size of nucleus

A

10 000 times smaller than radius of atom

79
Q

Nucleus is tiny but

A

Makes up most of the mass of the atom

80
Q

Mass number is the

A

Top number

81
Q

Atomic number is the

A

Bottom number

82
Q

Isotopes are

A

Elements with atoms of same number of protons but different number of nuetrons

83
Q

Unstable isotopes

A

Decay into other elements and give out radiation

84
Q

Radioactive decay

A

Unstable isotopes decaying and giving out radiation trying to become more stable

85
Q

Types of ionising radiation

A

Alpha beta gama

86
Q

Ionising radiation.

A

Radiation that knocks electrons of atoms creating positive ions

87
Q

Alpha particles are

A

Helium nuclei

88
Q

Alpha particle contains

A

Two nuetrons and protons

89
Q

Alpha radiation is when

A

Alpha particles are emmited from nucleus

90
Q

Aplha particles - penetration

A

They don’t penetrate far into materials and are stopped quickly

91
Q

How much can alpha particles travel

A

Few cm in air and are absorbed by a sheet of paper

92
Q

Alpha particles- ionisation

A

Strongly ionising because of size

93
Q

Beta particles are

A

High speed electrons

94
Q

Beta particles - mass and charge

A

No mass and -1 charge

95
Q

Beta particles - ionisation and penetration

A

Moderately ionising and pentetrate moderately far into materials before colliding in air

96
Q

Beta particles - absorption and emition

A

Absorbed by 5mm of aluminium

For every beta particle emitted a nuetron in the nucleus has turned into a proton

97
Q

Gamma rays are

A

EM waves with short wave lengths

98
Q

Gamma rays are waves of

A

Electromagnetic radiation released by nucleus

99
Q

Gamma rays- penetration and absorption

A

Penetrate far into materials w out being stopped and will travel long distances through air
Absorbed by thick sheets of lead or metres of concrete

100
Q

Gamma rays are weakly ionising because e

A

They tend to pass through rather than collide w atoms eventually they hit something to do damage

101
Q

Nucleur radiation are a way of showing

A

Radioactive decay

102
Q

Alpha decay decreases the

A

Charge and mass of nucleus

103
Q

When an atom emits alpha particles its

A

Atomic number decreases by 2

Mass number decreases by 4

104
Q

Beta decay increases the

A

Charge of the nucleus

105
Q

Alpha decay symbol

A

4
H
E
2

106
Q

Beta decay symbol

A

0
E
-1

107
Q

When beta decay occurs

A

Neutron in nucleus turns into a protons and releases a fast moving electron

108
Q

What changes when beta decay takes place

A

Atomic number increases because proton has been added

109
Q

Gamma rays don’t change the

A

Charge or the mass of the nucleus

110
Q

Gamma rays are a way of

A

Getting rid of excess energy from the nucleus

triple sciene (15 decks)

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