Chemistry Topic 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Atom
A
Smallest part of an element
2
Q
Element
A
Substance made up of one type of atom
3
Q
Molecule
A
2 or more atoms joined by a bond . Atoms may be same element or different
4
Q
Compound
A
2 or more different elements which are chemically bonded together
5
Q
NaCl is a
A
Compound
6
Q
Cu is a
A
Element
7
Q
Magnesium + oxygen =
A
Magnesium oxide
8
Q
Copper + sulphur + oxygen=
A
Copper sulphate
9
Q
Proton has a _1 charge
A
+
10
Q
Electron has a _1 charge
A
-
11
Q
Nuetrons has ____ charge
A
No
12
Q
Atoms are very _____ having a radius of ___
A
Small
0.1nm
13
Q
0.1nm ==[. ]
A
(1x10-10m)
14
Q
Mass number=
A
Number of protons + number of neutrons
15
Q
The mass number is the ______ number in the element on periodic table
A
Large
16
Q
Atomic number is the _____ and the _______ on the element on periodic table
A
Number of protons and electrons
17
Q
Filteration is a ______ method of
A
Physical
Separating insoluble solids from liquids
18
Q
Crystallisation is a _____ way of evaporating water from a
A
Gentle
Soluble solid until you are left with crystals
19
Q
Evaporation is the process of when you keep
A
Heating the solution until only the solid is left
20
Q
What is the difference between portable water and pure water
A
Portable water you can’t drink
Pure water clean can drink
21
Q
2 ways to separate soluble solids from solutions
A
Evaporation and crystallisation
22
Q
What is it called when atoms have no charge
A
Atoms neutral
23
Q
In an ion the …
A
Number of electrons doesn’t equal the number of protons for eg if it loses or gains an electron
24
Q
What are isotopes
A
Same number of protons but different number of neutrons
25
Isotopes have the same _________ but different ______
Atomic number
Different mass numbers
26
Relative atomic mass=
Sum of ( isotope abundance x isotope mass number)
-----------------------------------------------
Sum of abundance of all isotopes
27
Copper has two stable isotope cu-63 has an abundance of 69.2% and cu-65 has a abundance of 30.8% . Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper to 1 do
(69.2x63) + (30.8x 65)
-----------------------= 4395.6+2002
---------------
100
69.2+30.8
28
When a non metal and metal form a compound what does it consist of
Ions
29
A compound formed of non metals consist of
Molecules
30
What is covalent bonding
When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms to get fill outer shells
31
Covalent bonding consists of
2 non metals
32
What are simple molecules
Made up of a few atoms joined by covalent bonds
33
An example of simple molecule
Hydrogen chlorine
34
Polymers consist of _____ molecules made up of ______ sections all the atoms are joined by _______ ______ _____ they are formed when lots of ____ ____ link together
Long
Repeating
Strong covalent bonds
Smal, units
35
An ionic compound is _______ structures of ______ held together by ____ _____ __ __________.
Giant
Ions
Strong forces of attraction
36
Ionic compounds have ____ melting points and _______ _______ when in solutions
High
| In solutions
37
Covalent bonds form between
2 non metal
38
Giant structured of ions have a __________ structure they're held together by strong ___________ _____ __ ___________ between oppositely _____ ions.
Regular
Electrostatic forces of attraction
Charged
39
Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are solid?
Because they don't have delocalised ions so they're not free to move
40
Why can they when they are melted
Because the ions are free to move
41
Allotropes are
Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state
42
4 allotropes of carbon are
Diamond graphite graphene and fullerenes
43
Fullerenes:
Structure-
Conducts electricity-
Melting point-
Structure- tubular molecules
Conducts- they are able to do so
Melting point- low because weak intermolecular forces
44
Graphene-
Structure
Conducts electricity
Melting point???
Structure- sheet of carbon atoms which is only one atom thick
Conducts- good free electrons
Melting point- high because of strong bonds
45
Giant structures:
Structure
Conducts electricity - diamond/graphite
Melting point???
Structure- huge 3D networks of carbon atoms linked with covalent bonds-diamond:cannot graphite: yes
Melting point - high
46
Elements are arranged in____________ in the periodic table
| Elements with _______ ______ are in the same group
Atomic number
| Similar properties
47
What was Mandaleevs periodic table like
He left gaps so undiscovered elements could be placed along side
Changed the order of some element s to make sure elements w similar properties were placed together
He ordered the elements in atomic mass number
48
Modern periodic table -
Call the columns group and rows period
The elements are arranged it order of atomic number
Undiscovered elements have been added in
49
Properties of non metals and metals
Metals- shiny,dense,good conducter magnetic
| Non metals - low density poor conducter of electricity
50
The element sn group 0 are called and they don't _____ with much
Noble gasses
| React
51
Group 0 is unreactive because
It has a full outer shell
52
Why didn't mandellev put noble gases in his periodic table
Because they were colourless so he didn't discover the.
53
Group 7 elements are
Halogens
54
Diatomic mean
2 atoms that usually travel together
55
In an ionic compound the over all charge is
O
56
Why does the reactivity of elements decrease as you go down group 7
The force of attraction is weaker because the distance is increasing so it will become harder to attract the electron which will make it less reactive
57
Transition metals can form more then one
Ion
58
Transition metal ions are often _____ and make good ______
Colourful
| Catalysts
59
What are the properties of group 1
Colourful low melting points nor strong less dense
60
Properties of transition metals
Lass reactive then group 1
Higher melting point than group 1
More dense
61
What is a delocalised electron
When electron is free to move
62
At the beggining of the ____ century _______ ______ thought atoms were ______ that couldn't be _____ he said that different spheres made up the different ______
```
19th
John dalton
Spheres
Divided
Elements
```
63
__________ discovered the electron. It suggested that the ____ is a ball of_________ charged with ______ electrons _______ in it. He discovered through his experiments that atoms couldn't be ______. The atom must contain small ________ charged particles
```
Jj Thompson
Atom
Positive,y
Negative
Embedded
Spheres
Negatively
```
64
______ experiment changed everything.
In____ Ernest conducted an experiment where he ____ _____ _____ ____ at a sheet of gold foil he found that most ____ _____ ____ ___ showing that most of the atom is made of ______ _______.he called his new model _____ ______ of the atom.
```
Rushefords
1909
Shot positively charged particles
Empty space
nucleur model of the atom
```
65
_______ _____ creates the nucleur model of the atom.
Niels Bohr
66
Scientist realised that ____ _____ within a positive charge existed in the nucleus
Tiny particles
67
____ ____ discovers that neutron
James Chadwick
68
Transition metals are found between
Group 2 and 3
69
What groups are most likely to form ions
1,2 and 6 ,7
70
Trends of group 7
As you go down they become less reactive and higher melting points
71
Group 0 elements are all
Colourless
