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triple sciene > Chemistry Topic 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest part of an element

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2
Q

Element

A

Substance made up of one type of atom

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3
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms joined by a bond . Atoms may be same element or different

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4
Q

Compound

A

2 or more different elements which are chemically bonded together

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5
Q

NaCl is a

A

Compound

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6
Q

Cu is a

A

Element

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7
Q

Magnesium + oxygen =

A

Magnesium oxide

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8
Q

Copper + sulphur + oxygen=

A

Copper sulphate

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9
Q

Proton has a _1 charge

A

+

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10
Q

Electron has a _1 charge

A

-

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11
Q

Nuetrons has ____ charge

A

No

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12
Q

Atoms are very _____ having a radius of ___

A

Small

0.1nm

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13
Q

0.1nm ==[. ]

A

(1x10-10m)

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14
Q

Mass number=

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

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15
Q

The mass number is the ______ number in the element on periodic table

A

Large

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16
Q

Atomic number is the _____ and the _______ on the element on periodic table

A

Number of protons and electrons

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17
Q

Filteration is a ______ method of

A

Physical

Separating insoluble solids from liquids

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18
Q

Crystallisation is a _____ way of evaporating water from a

A

Gentle

Soluble solid until you are left with crystals

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19
Q

Evaporation is the process of when you keep

A

Heating the solution until only the solid is left

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20
Q

What is the difference between portable water and pure water

A

Portable water you can’t drink

Pure water clean can drink

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21
Q

2 ways to separate soluble solids from solutions

A

Evaporation and crystallisation

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22
Q

What is it called when atoms have no charge

A

Atoms neutral

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23
Q

In an ion the …

A

Number of electrons doesn’t equal the number of protons for eg if it loses or gains an electron

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24
Q

What are isotopes

A

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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25
Q

Isotopes have the same _________ but different ______

A

Atomic number

Different mass numbers

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26
Q

Relative atomic mass=

A

Sum of ( isotope abundance x isotope mass number)
———————————————–
Sum of abundance of all isotopes

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27
Q

Copper has two stable isotope cu-63 has an abundance of 69.2% and cu-65 has a abundance of 30.8% . Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper to 1 do

A

(69.2x63) + (30.8x 65)
———————–= 4395.6+2002
—————
100
69.2+30.8

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28
Q

When a non metal and metal form a compound what does it consist of

A

Ions

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29
Q

A compound formed of non metals consist of

A

Molecules

30
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms to get fill outer shells

31
Q

Covalent bonding consists of

A

2 non metals

32
Q

What are simple molecules

A

Made up of a few atoms joined by covalent bonds

33
Q

An example of simple molecule

A

Hydrogen chlorine

34
Q

Polymers consist of _____ molecules made up of ______ sections all the atoms are joined by _______ ______ _____ they are formed when lots of ____ ____ link together

A

Long
Repeating
Strong covalent bonds
Smal, units

35
Q

An ionic compound is _______ structures of ______ held together by ____ _____ __ __________.

A

Giant
Ions
Strong forces of attraction

36
Q

Ionic compounds have ____ melting points and _______ _______ when in solutions

A

High

In solutions

37
Q

Covalent bonds form between

A

2 non metal

38
Q

Giant structured of ions have a __________ structure they’re held together by strong ___________ _____ __ ___________ between oppositely _____ ions.

A

Regular
Electrostatic forces of attraction
Charged

39
Q

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are solid?

A

Because they don’t have delocalised ions so they’re not free to move

40
Q

Why can they when they are melted

A

Because the ions are free to move

41
Q

Allotropes are

A

Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

42
Q

4 allotropes of carbon are

A

Diamond graphite graphene and fullerenes

43
Q

Fullerenes:
Structure-
Conducts electricity-
Melting point-

A

Structure- tubular molecules
Conducts- they are able to do so
Melting point- low because weak intermolecular forces

44
Q

Graphene-
Structure
Conducts electricity
Melting point???

A

Structure- sheet of carbon atoms which is only one atom thick
Conducts- good free electrons
Melting point- high because of strong bonds

45
Q

Giant structures:
Structure
Conducts electricity - diamond/graphite
Melting point???

A

Structure- huge 3D networks of carbon atoms linked with covalent bonds-diamond:cannot graphite: yes
Melting point - high

46
Q

Elements are arranged in____________ in the periodic table

Elements with _______ ______ are in the same group

A

Atomic number

Similar properties

47
Q

What was Mandaleevs periodic table like

A

He left gaps so undiscovered elements could be placed along side
Changed the order of some element s to make sure elements w similar properties were placed together
He ordered the elements in atomic mass number

48
Q

Modern periodic table -

A

Call the columns group and rows period
The elements are arranged it order of atomic number
Undiscovered elements have been added in

49
Q

Properties of non metals and metals

A

Metals- shiny,dense,good conducter magnetic

Non metals - low density poor conducter of electricity

50
Q

The element sn group 0 are called and they don’t _____ with much

A

Noble gasses

React

51
Q

Group 0 is unreactive because

A

It has a full outer shell

52
Q

Why didn’t mandellev put noble gases in his periodic table

A

Because they were colourless so he didn’t discover the.

53
Q

Group 7 elements are

A

Halogens

54
Q

Diatomic mean

A

2 atoms that usually travel together

55
Q

In an ionic compound the over all charge is

A

O

56
Q

Why does the reactivity of elements decrease as you go down group 7

A

The force of attraction is weaker because the distance is increasing so it will become harder to attract the electron which will make it less reactive

57
Q

Transition metals can form more then one

A

Ion

58
Q

Transition metal ions are often _____ and make good ______

A

Colourful

Catalysts

59
Q

What are the properties of group 1

A

Colourful low melting points nor strong less dense

60
Q

Properties of transition metals

A

Lass reactive then group 1
Higher melting point than group 1
More dense

61
Q

What is a delocalised electron

A

When electron is free to move

62
Q

At the beggining of the ____ century _______ ______ thought atoms were ______ that couldn’t be _____ he said that different spheres made up the different ______

A 
19th
John dalton
Spheres
Divided
Elements
63
Q

__________ discovered the electron. It suggested that the ____ is a ball of_________ charged with ______ electrons _______ in it. He discovered through his experiments that atoms couldn’t be ______. The atom must contain small ________ charged particles

A 
Jj Thompson
Atom
Positive,y
Negative 
Embedded 
Spheres 
Negatively
64
Q

______ experiment changed everything.
In____ Ernest conducted an experiment where he ____ _____ _____ ____ at a sheet of gold foil he found that most ____ _____ ____ ___ showing that most of the atom is made of ______ _______.he called his new model _____ ______ of the atom.

A 
Rushefords
1909
Shot positively charged particles 
Empty space
nucleur model of the atom
65
Q

_______ _____ creates the nucleur model of the atom.

A

Niels Bohr

66
Q

Scientist realised that ____ _____ within a positive charge existed in the nucleus

A

Tiny particles

67
Q

____ ____ discovers that neutron

A

James Chadwick

68
Q

Transition metals are found between

A

Group 2 and 3

69
Q

What groups are most likely to form ions

A

1,2 and 6 ,7

70
Q

Trends of group 7

A

As you go down they become less reactive and higher melting points

71
Q

Group 0 elements are all

A

Colourless

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