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triple sciene > Chemistry Topic 2 > Flashcards

Chemistry Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ions are made when

A

Electrons are transferred

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2
Q

Ions are

A

Charged particles

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3
Q

Ions can be either

A

A single atom or a group of atoms

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4
Q

Why do atoms lose or gain electrons

A

To get a full outer shell so they’re stable

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5
Q

When metals form ions they become

A

Positive ions

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6
Q

When non metals form ions they become

A

Negative ions

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7
Q

What groups are most likely to form ions

A

1&2 6&7

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8
Q

Group 1&2 are

A

Metals

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9
Q

Group 6&7 are

A

Non metals

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10
Q

A sodium atom is In group 1 so it

A

Loses a electron to become positive ion Na+

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11
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

When a non metal and metals react together

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12
Q

Ionic bonds are attracted by

A

Electrostatic forces

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13
Q

Dot and cross diagrams show how

A

Ionic compounds are formed

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14
Q

Ionic compounds have a

A

Regular lattice structure

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15
Q

Ionic compounds have a structure called

A

Giant ionic. Lattice

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16
Q

The ions form a

A

Closely packed regular lattice arrangement and there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

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17
Q

Ionic compounds properties are

A

They have high boiling/melting point

They can’t conduct electricity when they’re solid but they can when they melt

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18
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high boiling points

A

Because of the strong electrostatic forces so it takes a lot of energy to break them

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19
Q

When non metals bond they share pairs of electrons to make

A

Covalent bonds

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20
Q

How are covalent bonds strong

A

The positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to the share pair of electrons by electrostatic forces

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21
Q

Each single covalent bond provides

A

One extra shared electron for each atom

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22
Q

Covalent bonds occur in

A

Non metals

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23
Q

Ways of drawing covalent bonds

A

Dot and cross diagram

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24
Q

Simple molecular substances are made up of

A

Molecules of A few atoms joining together by covalent bonds

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25
Q

Properties of simple molecular substances

A

The forces of attraction between molecules are very weak which means he boiling points are low
As the molecule gets bigger the forces increase
They don’t conduct electricity because the particles aren’t charges and aren’t delocalised

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26
Q

How do you melt simple molecular substances

A

Break the feeble intermolecular forces and not the covalent bonds

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27
Q

Polymers and covalent substances have

A

Covalent bonds

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28
Q

Polymers are

A

Long chains of repeating units

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29
Q

In a polymer lots of __________ are linked together to form

A

Small units

Long molecule that has repeating sections

30
Q

How do you draw a polymer

A

You draw the shortest repeating section and put brackets around it and a n outside

31
Q

The intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are ______ than

A

Larger than simple molecular substances so the boiling points are higher

32
Q

Giant covalent structures are

A

Macromolecules

33
Q

In giant covalent structure the atoms are bonded by

A

Strong covalent bonds

34
Q

Properties of giant covalent structure s

A

They have high boiling points

They don’t conduct electricity

35
Q

Eg of giant covalent structure

A

Diamond graphite and silicon dioxide

36
Q

Diamond is made up of

A

Carbon atoms

37
Q

The atoms in diamond each form

Which makes it

A

Four covalent bonds

Really hard

38
Q

Properties of diamond

A

High melting point don’t conduct electricity because the electrons because it has no free electron

39
Q

Graphite contains sheets of

A

Hexagons

40
Q

In graphite each carbon atom only forms _______

Creating

A

Three covalent bonds

Sheets of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons

41
Q

Graphite doesn’t have any

A

Covalent bonds between the layers which means they’re held together weakly and are soft and are free to move over each other

42
Q

Graphite is ______ and _____

So it’s good for

A

Soft and slippery

Lubricating materials

43
Q

Graphite properties

A

High melting point because of covalent bonds

Only three out of four electrons are used so they have a delocalised electron which can conduct electricity

44
Q

Graphene is one layer of

A

Graphite

45
Q

Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms joined in

A

Hexagons

46
Q

The sheet in graphite is

A

One atom thick

47
Q

Properties of graphene

A

It’s strong and light so can be added to composite materials

It contains delocalised electrons so can conduct electricity

48
Q

Fullerenes form

A

Spheres and tubes

49
Q

Fullerenes is molecules of carbon shaped like

A

Closed tubes and hollow balls

50
Q

What was the first fullerenes to be discovered

A

Buckminsterfullerene

51
Q

Fullerenes can be used to

A

Cage other molecules or to deliver drugs into the body

52
Q

Properties of fullerenes

A

Large surface area- catalysts

53
Q

Fullerenes can form

A

Nanotubes

54
Q

Nanotubes are

A

Tiny carbon cylinders

55
Q

Nanotubes can

A

Conduct electricity

56
Q

Metallic Bonding involves

A

Delocalised electrons

57
Q

In the periodic table what group are gases

A

0

58
Q

In the p.d what group are metals

A

1&2

59
Q

In the p.d what groups are non metals

A

7 0

60
Q

The elements between group 2 and 3 are all

A

Transitioning metals

61
Q

A micro meter is ______ of a meter

A

1x10-6

62
Q

A nanometter is ________ of a meter

A

1x 10-9

63
Q

Coarse particles have a diameter of

A

Between 1x10-5m and 2.5 x 10-6m

64
Q

Nanoparicles have a _________ ratio

A

High surface area : volume

65
Q

Coarse particles contain

A

Thousands of atoms

66
Q

Fine particles contain a diameter between

A

100-2500 nm

67
Q

Fine particles contain

A

Several thousands of atoms

68
Q

Nanoparticles hve a diameter of between

A

1-100 nm

69
Q

Nanoparticles only contain

A

A few hundred atoms

70
Q

As the particles size decreases by 10x

A

The surface are: volume ratio increases by 10x

triple sciene (15 decks)

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