Chemistry Topic 2

Question 1

Ions are made when

Answer 1

Electrons are transferred

Question 2

Ions are

Answer 2

Charged particles

Question 3

Ions can be either

Answer 3

A single atom or a group of atoms

Question 4

Why do atoms lose or gain electrons

Answer 4

To get a full outer shell so they’re stable

Question 5

When metals form ions they become

Answer 5

Positive ions

Question 6

When non metals form ions they become

Answer 6

Negative ions

Question 7

What groups are most likely to form ions

Answer 7

1&2 6&7

Question 8

Group 1&2 are

Answer 8

Metals

Question 9

Group 6&7 are

Answer 9

Non metals

Question 10

A sodium atom is In group 1 so it

Answer 10

Loses a electron to become positive ion Na+

Question 11

What is ionic bonding

Answer 11

When a non metal and metals react together

Question 12

Ionic bonds are attracted by

Answer 12

Electrostatic forces

Question 13

Dot and cross diagrams show how

Answer 13

Ionic compounds are formed

Question 14

Ionic compounds have a

Answer 14

Regular lattice structure

Question 15

Ionic compounds have a structure called

Answer 15

Giant ionic. Lattice

Question 16

The ions form a

Answer 16

Closely packed regular lattice arrangement and there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

Question 17

Ionic compounds properties are

Answer 17

They have high boiling/melting point

They can’t conduct electricity when they’re solid but they can when they melt

Question 18

Why do ionic compounds have high boiling points

Answer 18

Because of the strong electrostatic forces so it takes a lot of energy to break them

Question 19

When non metals bond they share pairs of electrons to make

Answer 19

Covalent bonds

Question 20

How are covalent bonds strong

Answer 20

The positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to the share pair of electrons by electrostatic forces

Question 21

Each single covalent bond provides

Answer 21

One extra shared electron for each atom

Question 22

Covalent bonds occur in

Answer 22

Non metals

Question 23

Ways of drawing covalent bonds

Answer 23

Dot and cross diagram

Question 24

Simple molecular substances are made up of

Answer 24

Molecules of A few atoms joining together by covalent bonds

Question 25

Properties of simple molecular substances

Answer 25

The forces of attraction between molecules are very weak which means he boiling points are low As the molecule gets bigger the forces increase They don't conduct electricity because the particles aren't charges and aren't delocalised

Question 26

How do you melt simple molecular substances

Answer 26

Break the feeble intermolecular forces and not the covalent bonds

Question 27

Polymers and covalent substances have

Answer 27

Covalent bonds

Question 28

Polymers are

Answer 28

Long chains of repeating units

Question 29

In a polymer lots of __________ are linked together to form

Answer 29

Small units | Long molecule that has repeating sections

Question 30

How do you draw a polymer

Answer 30

You draw the shortest repeating section and put brackets around it and a n outside

Question 31

The intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are ______ than

Answer 31

Larger than simple molecular substances so the boiling points are higher

Question 32

Giant covalent structures are

Answer 32

Macromolecules

Question 33

In giant covalent structure the atoms are bonded by

Answer 33

Strong covalent bonds

Question 34

Properties of giant covalent structure s

Answer 34

They have high boiling points | They don't conduct electricity

Question 35

Eg of giant covalent structure

Answer 35

Diamond graphite and silicon dioxide

Question 36

Diamond is made up of

Answer 36

Carbon atoms

Question 37

The atoms in diamond each form | Which makes it

Answer 37

Four covalent bonds | Really hard

Question 38

Properties of diamond

Answer 38

High melting point don't conduct electricity because the electrons because it has no free electron

Question 39

Graphite contains sheets of

Answer 39

Hexagons

Question 40

In graphite each carbon atom only forms _______ | Creating

Answer 40

Three covalent bonds | Sheets of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons

Question 41

Graphite doesn't have any

Answer 41

Covalent bonds between the layers which means they're held together weakly and are soft and are free to move over each other

Question 42

Graphite is ______ and _____ | So it's good for

Answer 42

Soft and slippery | Lubricating materials

Question 43

Graphite properties

Answer 43

High melting point because of covalent bonds | Only three out of four electrons are used so they have a delocalised electron which can conduct electricity

Question 44

Graphene is one layer of

Answer 44

Graphite

Question 45

Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms joined in

Answer 45

Hexagons

Question 46

The sheet in graphite is

Answer 46

One atom thick

Question 47

Properties of graphene

Answer 47

It's strong and light so can be added to composite materials | It contains delocalised electrons so can conduct electricity

Question 48

Fullerenes form

Answer 48

Spheres and tubes

Question 49

Fullerenes is molecules of carbon shaped like

Answer 49

Closed tubes and hollow balls

Question 50

What was the first fullerenes to be discovered

Answer 50

Buckminsterfullerene

Question 51

Fullerenes can be used to

Answer 51

Cage other molecules or to deliver drugs into the body

Question 52

Properties of fullerenes

Answer 52

Large surface area- catalysts

Question 53

Fullerenes can form

Answer 53

Nanotubes

Question 54

Nanotubes are

Answer 54

Tiny carbon cylinders

Question 55

Nanotubes can

Answer 55

Conduct electricity

Question 56

Metallic Bonding involves

Answer 56

Delocalised electrons

Question 57

In the periodic table what group are gases

Answer 57

0

Question 58

In the p.d what group are metals

Answer 58

1&2

Question 59

In the p.d what groups are non metals

Answer 59

7 0

Question 60

The elements between group 2 and 3 are all

Answer 60

Transitioning metals

Question 61

A micro meter is ______ of a meter

Answer 61

1x10-6

Question 62

A nanometter is ________ of a meter

Answer 62

1x 10-9

Question 63

Coarse particles have a diameter of

Answer 63

Between 1x10-5m and 2.5 x 10-6m

Question 64

Nanoparicles have a _________ ratio

Answer 64

High surface area : volume

Question 65

Coarse particles contain

Answer 65

Thousands of atoms

Question 66

Fine particles contain a diameter between

Answer 66

100-2500 nm

Question 67

Fine particles contain

Answer 67

Several thousands of atoms

Question 68

Nanoparticles hve a diameter of between

Answer 68

1-100 nm

Question 69

Nanoparticles only contain

Answer 69

A few hundred atoms

Question 70

As the particles size decreases by 10x

Answer 70

The surface are: volume ratio increases by 10x