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1 semester junior year > Physical Science Quiz 8 > Flashcards

Physical Science Quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrogen and Alkali metals are in what group

A

group 1 `

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2
Q

one outer electron; highly reactive- wants to get rid of one electron

A

Hydrogen and Alkali metals (group 1)

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3
Q

Halogens are in what group

A

group 7

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4
Q

salt “former” with metals; 7 outer electrons; highly reactive- wants to gain one electron

A

Halogens

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5
Q

few electrons in valence shell; lose electrons to make a lower shell the valence shell

A

metals

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6
Q

many electrons in valence shell; gain electrons to fill the valence shell

A

Non-metals

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7
Q

the closer the electrons are to the nucleus what happens

A

the tighter they are held

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8
Q

Atoms sharing electrons with specific atoms (marriage); typically happens to non-metals

A

Covalent Bonding

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9
Q

atoms transferring electrons becoming ions; metal and non-metal

A

Ionic bonds

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10
Q

charged particles

A

ions

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11
Q

Metallic atoms releasing their electrons to be shared with all other atoms in an “electron sea”

A

Metallic bonds

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12
Q

why do Nobel gasses form no bonds

A

because they already have 8 valence electrons

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13
Q

Sharing of electrons to obtain 8 valence electrons as the orbitals of two non-metal overlap

A

Covalent Bonding

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14
Q

Atoms are uniquely bonded to each other creating

A

molecules

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15
Q

Molecules become polar when there is

A

an uneven sharing of electrons across the molecules

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16
Q

one or more electrons are transmitted from a metal to a non-metal (most of the time)

A

Ionic Bonding

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17
Q

are metals cations or anions

A

cations

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18
Q

are non-metals cations or anions

A

anions

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19
Q

Ions each have how many valence electrons

A

8

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20
Q

molecules that have lost or gained electrons that take part in ionic bonds

A

Polyatomic Ions

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21
Q

lose all their valence electrons and gain the opposite charge

A

metal ionic compounds

22
Q

gain valence electrons until they have 8 and gain the charge of those electrons gained

A

non-metal ionic compounds

23
Q

Ions will neutralize opposite charges in a

A

neutral compound

24
Q

the ending -ide usually indicates

A

compound of two elements

25
Q

the name hydroxide indicates

A

OH- is present

26
Q

The ending -ate indicates

A

a polyatomic ion with multiple oxygens and a cation

27
Q

mono-, di-, tri-, etc. will be used to

A

distinguish possible molecules

28
Q

reactants go in or out

A

in

29
Q

products go in or out

A

out

30
Q

compounds making and breaking chemical bonds (reactants) to form new, more stable compounds (products)

A

Chemical reaction

31
Q

Shorthand expression of the chemical reaction

A

Chemical equations

32
Q

on the left of chemical equations

A

reactants

33
Q

on the right of chemical equations

A

products

34
Q

changing physical properties but not chemical properties

A

physical changes

35
Q

what are physical changes

A

are reversable; melting, vaporizing, etc.; do not change the molecules

36
Q

a molecular change in a material; are typically irreversable

A

chemical reaction

37
Q

the reaction of two or more molecules to produce new molecules

A

chemical change

38
Q

a unique particle made up of multiple atoms

A

molecule

39
Q

pure substances made only out of one material

A

elements

40
Q

pure substances made of two or more chemically joined elements

A

compounds

41
Q

two or more substances that are mixed but not combined chemically

A

mixture

42
Q

uniform mixture of molecules ; e.g. salt water, sugar water

A

solution

43
Q

visibly distinct substances ; e.g. raw milk

A

Heterogenous mixture

44
Q

bonded atoms of the same element

A

elemental molecules

45
Q

bonded atoms of different elements

A

compounds

46
Q

description of the types and numbers of elements

A

chemical formulas

47
Q

elements that readily combine to form compounds

A

active elements

48
Q

elements that tend not to react (more stable)

A

Inactive elements

49
Q

metals are inactive or reactive

A

inactive

50
Q

oxygen is more reactive or inactive

A

reactive

51
Q

when elements are listed in order of atomic number; elements with similar chemical and physical properties appear at regular intervals

A

Periodic Law

52
Q

layer of electrons around the nucleus

A

shells

1 semester junior year (21 decks)

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