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1 semester junior year > Physical Science > Flashcards

Physical Science Flashcards

Quiz 5

1
Q

what is the periodic disturbance- back and forth motion of some kind

A

wave

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2
Q

which waves travel through matter

A

mechanical waves

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3
Q

what are magnetic and electric fields that can travel through a vacuum as well as matter

A

electromagnetic waves

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4
Q

what type of waves are water waves

A

circular waves

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5
Q

which waves need a medium

A

mechanical waves

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6
Q

which waves transmit energy but not matter

A

circular waves

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7
Q

what are waves moving perpendicular to the direction of travel

A

transverse waves

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8
Q

what are waves moving parallel to the direction of travel

A

longitudinal waves

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9
Q

what types of waves is water waves a combination of

A

transverse and longitudinal

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10
Q

what is the distance from crest to crest (tops)and trough to trough (bottom)

A

wavelength

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11
Q

what is the number of crests per second

A

frequency

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12
Q

what is frequency measured in

A

hertz

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13
Q

what is how high or low a sound is

A

pitch

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14
Q

what is the time needed for a complete wave to pass

A

period

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15
Q

what is the height of the crest from the undisturbed level

A

amplitude

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16
Q

what are waves interfering to produce a defined pattern

A

standing waves

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17
Q

what are areas of no displacement

A

nodes

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18
Q

what are areas of max displacement

A

antinodes

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19
Q

what sound is below audible frequency (<20 Hz)

A

infrasonic

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20
Q

what sound is above audible frequency (>20,000 Hz)

A

Ultrasonic

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21
Q

what is sound navigation ranging

A

SONAR

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22
Q

what is measured in decibels (dB)

A

sound

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23
Q

what is the changing of frequency caused by motion

A

Doppler effect

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24
Q

what does the doppler effect produce

A

a change in pitch

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25
Q

what is the lowest frequency that can be produced (provides the note)

A

fundamental

26
Q

what are higher frequencies; multiples of the fundamentals

A

overtones

27
Q

what is the vibration of the harmonies in harmony

A

resonance

28
Q

which waves are perpendicular

A

electromagnetic and magnetic

29
Q

what are waves without matter

A

electromagnetic waves

30
Q

which waves are in order of increasing frequency

A

Electromagnetic waves

31
Q

visible light ranges in how many nanometers

A

300 nm to 750 nm

32
Q

what fuses molecules where it shouldn’t (can disrupt molecules)

A

ultraviolet

33
Q

what rips apart molecules; can cause radiation burn; can cause cancer; can be blocked by lead

A

X-rays

34
Q

what is the radiation of nuclear decay; can be blocked by a thick layer of lead

A

gamma rays

35
Q

does light always travel in straight paths

A

no

36
Q

what is the difference between reflection and refraction

A

reflections - bouncing and straight line
refractions- bending and not straight

37
Q

what produces an image

A

reflections off smooth surfaces

38
Q

what scatters the reflected light

A

rough surfaces

39
Q

what is the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection

A

law of reflection

40
Q

what is the bending of a wave as it changes speed

A

refraction

41
Q

why does refraction change speed

A

because of a change in the medium

42
Q

which waves bend toward the normal

A

slowing waves

43
Q

what are waves that bend away from the normal

A

speeding waves

44
Q

what is the decrease in the speed of light through a medium

A

index of refraction

45
Q

what is the index number of air

A

1

46
Q

what is the index number of water

A

1.33

47
Q

what is the trapping of light in a slower medium

A

internal reflections

48
Q

what is a piece of transparent material shaped so that it can produce an image by refracting light

A

lenses

49
Q

which lens gathers light

A

converging (convex) lens

50
Q

which lens creates an enlarged virtual image; can create real images that appear closer

A

converging (convex) lens

51
Q

which lens scatters light and has a virtual focus point; can create smaller, virtual images that can appear closer

A

divergent lens

52
Q

what is a jelly-like adjustable convex lens

A

lens (eye)

53
Q

ciliary muscles are relaxed and makes the lens flat

A

distance vision

54
Q

contracted ciliary muscles and makes lens more round

A

close vision

55
Q

the eyeball is too long
far objects come in focus in front of the retina
corrected b a diverging lens

A

nearsightedness

56
Q

eyeball is too short
near objects come into focus behind the retina
corrected by a converging lens

A

farsightedness

57
Q

lens or cornea is misshapen; corrected by specifically shaped lenses

A

astigmatism

58
Q

mixture of colors of different frequencies

A

white light

59
Q

what omits white light

A

sun

60
Q

what can be dispersed through refraction

A

white light

61
Q

the scattering of sunlight by the refraction and internal reflection in individual raindrops

A

rainbows

1 semester junior year (21 decks)

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