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1 semester junior year > earth and space science test 2 > Flashcards

earth and space science test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what planet is the only planet that has tectonic movement

A

earth

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2
Q

what is the interaction of large blocks of the earth’s crust as they move

A

plate tectonics

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3
Q

what is a fractured surface which has had motion; abrupt ending and displacement of sediments

A

fault

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4
Q

what type of fault is a rock mass slipping downward

A

normal fault

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5
Q

what type of fault is a hanging wall

A

normal fault

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6
Q

what type of faults occur when there are tensional forces (like a string being pulled taught)

A

normal faults

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7
Q

what type of fault is a rock mass moving upward over another rock mass

A

reverse fault

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8
Q

which fault has compressional forces

A

reverse faults

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9
Q

which fault is a footwall and is underneath the fault line

A

Reverse faults

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10
Q

which fault is a rock mass moving horizontally

A

strike-slip fault

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11
Q

which faults slide past each other

A

strike-slip fault

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12
Q

what are cliffs along normal or reverse faults

A

fault scarps

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13
Q

what is caused by slow, continuous movement

A

folding

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14
Q

which fold, folds downward (trough)

A

syncline

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15
Q

which fold, folds upward (arch)

A

anticline

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16
Q

cone produced by volcanic deposits

A

volcanic mountains

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17
Q

what is the tallest mountain in the world coming up from the base in the water to summit

A

Mauna Kea

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18
Q

what mountains are formed by normal and reverse faults

A

fault-block mountains

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19
Q

what mountains are caused by the folding of continental plates

A

folded mountains

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20
Q

who theorized that the continents drifted as results of the flood

A

Antonio Snider

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21
Q

what is the crust and the outermost part of the mantle; rigid

A

Lithosphere

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22
Q

what is the soft rock below the lithosphere in the upper mantle; solid rock that flows

A

asthenosphere

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23
Q

what extends up to 7 miles (11 km) above the surface; contains the earth’s weather; temperature decreases to - 55 degrees Celsius

A

Troposphere

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24
Q

what extends from 11 km to 50 km (30 miles) above the surface; no clouds or weather; ozone in the upper layer

A

stratosphere

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25
Q

what is the most harmful form of ultraviolet radiation; cannot filter through the stratosphere

A

UVC

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26
Q

which has less energy; can filter through the stratosphere

A

UVA

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27
Q

what burns your skin and can filter through the stratosphere

A

UVB

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28
Q

what extends from 50 to 80 km (50 miles); temperature decreases to -75 degrees Celsius; Coldest portion of the atmosphere

A

Mesosphere

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29
Q

extends from 80 km to 600 km (400 miles); contains the ionosphere; temperature increases to 2000 degrees Celsius (3600 degrees Fahrenheit)

A

Thermosphere

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30
Q

what is a layer of oxygen ions; absorbs high-energy radiation from the sun; produces the auroras

A

ionosphere

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31
Q

when did the ocean floor form

A

the flood

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32
Q

divergent; underwater mountain range

A

mid-ocean ridges

33
Q

convergent; can create islands

A

Trenches; Island Arcs

34
Q

divergent

A

magnetic ridges

35
Q

study of crustal movements as a result of ocean floor expansion

A

plate tectonics

36
Q

the Lithosphere is broken up into how many plates

A

7 major plates

37
Q

subduction zone- basalt goes underneath because it is denser

A

oceanic-continental plate collision

38
Q

results in Island Arcs

A

Oceanic-oceanic plate collisions

39
Q

creates folded mountains

A

continental-continental

40
Q

San Andreas fault; special variety of strike-slip fault

A

Transform faults

41
Q

what perspective is the continents will gradually change

A

books perspective

42
Q

what perspective is the earth will never see the same crustal changes that we see evidences of

A

Biblical

43
Q

who studied fossils; concluded catastrophes had killed and each successive fossil layers; believes new creatures were created supernaturally; essentialism

A

Cuvier

44
Q

“Lawn of Life”- organisms stay the same and don’t evolve

A

essentialism

45
Q

“Tree of life”- everything came from one thing

A

Darwinism

46
Q

“Orchard of Life”- biblical view

A

Baraminology

47
Q

who said “I see no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end”; used vast amounts of time to explain away special creation; Scottish

A

Hutton

48
Q

Who said “Explain the former changes of the earths surface by forces now in operation”; uniformitarianism; wrote “Principles of Geology”

A

Lyell

49
Q

what is the present is the key to the past

A

Uniformitarianism

50
Q

justified peoples belief that there is no God. Gave people a way to not be morally accountable; theory of evolution; allowed a supernatural creation of the creatures in the fossil record to be discarded

A

Darwin

51
Q

how are rocks formed

A

lowest is oldest; rock beds were laid horizontally; movement took place after being laid; igneous intrusions are younger

52
Q

what is an irregular surface, separating two series of rocks

A

Unconformities

53
Q

what is the perspective that sediments have been lost by being lifted and eroded

A

Evolutionary perspective

54
Q

what is the perspective that sediments were laid down by the flood, different areas were cut through by floodwater

A

Biblical Perspective

55
Q

which perspective has deep and wide erosion; thick layers of mud and sand; Marine animals far above sea level and throughout continents; Sand carried across continents

A

Biblical perspective

56
Q

the area from the troposphere to mesosphere

A

homosphere

57
Q

contains nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide

A

homosphere

58
Q

the most abundant gas in the atmosphere- 78% - stabilizer

A

Nitrogen

59
Q

21% of the atmosphere - 2nd abundant

A

Oxygen

60
Q

3rd abundant - stabilizer

A

Argon

61
Q

4th abundant

A

Carbon dioxide

62
Q

Pangea broke apart into

A

Laurasia and Gondwana

63
Q

Assumptions about radiometric dating

A

assume constant rate of decay; nothing comes into or leaves the system; no daughter element preset at the beginning; initial conditions can be predicted

64
Q

organisms buried in rock layers; permineralization

A

fossils

65
Q

one type of organism rapidly decreases to be replaced by another; indicates a change in location as the floodwaters prevailed

A

extinction

66
Q

time between extinctions; similar creatures that remain unchanged that abruptly end in the next period; indicates the life found in specific regions of the pre-flood world

A

periods

67
Q

eons broken down-

A

to eras, to periods, to epochs

68
Q

mostly vacant rock with occasional microscopic bacteria; rocks deposited before the flood

A

Precambrian time

69
Q

marine invertebrates, plants and small animals; creatures buried in the early flood; ecological zonation

A

Paleozoic Era

70
Q

one of the most prolific organisms found within the Paleozoic era

A

Trilobite

71
Q

organisms buried where they lived

A

ecological zonation

72
Q

dinosaurs, small animals; possible asteroid impact; accompanying volcanic activity; creatures buried when the flood started covering the land

A

Mesozoic Era

73
Q

tectonic disturbance; large animals, birds; final stages of earth being covered in water

A

Cenozoic Era

74
Q

envelop of gasses around the earth

A

atmosphere

75
Q

the total amount of water on the earth

A

hydrosphere

76
Q

rock mass underneath the fault line

A

footwall

77
Q

rock mass above the fault line

A

hanging wall

78
Q

which perspective of Human History says the humans have gradually gotten more advanced in their growth

A

Evolutionary perspective

1 semester junior year (21 decks)

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