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1 semester junior year > Physical Science > Flashcards

Physical Science Flashcards

Midterm

1
Q

what is a measure of hotness or coldness

A

temperature

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2
Q

what is the sum of the molecules Kinetic Energy

A

Heat

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3
Q

what is the biochemical process that liberate energy (like digestion)

A

metabolic energy

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4
Q

what is anything that flows (liquids and gases)

A

fluids

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5
Q

what is a measure of how heavy or light a material is

A

density

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6
Q

what is the force per unit surface area

A

pressure

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7
Q

what are all fluids in the presence of gravity exert on upward force

A

buoyancy

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8
Q

what is the transfer of heat by the kinetic behavior of matter

A

conduction

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9
Q

what is the transfer of heat by the movement of air (like a radiator)

A

convection

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10
Q

what is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves (solar radiation)

A

radiation

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11
Q

what is the temperature at which average molecule has enough energy to break free of a liquid

A

boiling point

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12
Q

what is the escaping of the fastest moving molecules

A

evaporation

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13
Q

what is the energy needed for a liquid molecule to break free at the boiling point

A

heat of vaporization

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14
Q

what is a solid becoming a liquid

A

melting

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15
Q

what is the energy needed for molecules of a solid to turn into a liquid

A

heat of fusion

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16
Q

what is a solid going directly into a vapor (dry ice)

A

sublimation

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17
Q

what are devices that turn heat into mechanical energy

A

heat engines

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18
Q

what uses electricity to increase the pressure on the coolant (gas) for it to become a liquid

A

compressor

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19
Q

what is it when the temperature goes down and the pressure goes up

A

condenser

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20
Q

what is it when the temperature is down and pressure is down allows it to become a liquid

A

expansion valve

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21
Q

what is it when temperature goes up and pressure down (ex. fridge)

A

evaporator

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22
Q

what is it when energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another

A

first law of thermodynamics

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23
Q

what is it when it is impossible to take heat from a source and change all of it to mechanical energy or work: some heat must be wasted

A

Second law of thermodynamics

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24
Q

what is a one-word definition of the second law of thermodynamics

A

entropy

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25
Q

what is a measure of how disorderly atoms are arranged (chaos)

A

entropy

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26
Q

what is the development of a charge at a distance

A

induction

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27
Q

what is a substance that allow electrical current to flow through

A

conductors

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28
Q

what is the flow of charge from one place to another

A

electric current

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29
Q

what is a substance that hinders the flow of electrical current

A

insulator

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30
Q

what allows charges to flow, but not readily

A

semi-conductors

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31
Q

what is a device that is made of semi-conductors that can regulate current flow

A

transistors

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32
Q

what is the loss of all electrical resistance

A

superconductivity

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33
Q

what is the amount of electrical charges per unit time

A

ampere

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34
Q

what is the decrease in potential energy between two electrical terminals

A

potential difference

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35
Q

what is the device that “push” electrons, giving them energy

A

batteries

36
Q

what is the opposition to the flow of charge (heat)

A

resistance

37
Q

what is the rate at which the currents potential energy is flowing

A

electric power

38
Q

temperature is measured by using a

A

thermometer

39
Q

what is metabolic energy measured as

A

kilocalories

40
Q

one calorie equals how many Joules

A

4200

41
Q

how much metabolic energy do our brains use

A

25%

42
Q

what type of tools are used for lighter weight things

A

Pneumonic tools

43
Q

what does pneumonic tools use

A

compressed air

44
Q

what tools are used for heavier things

A

hydraulic tools

45
Q

what does hydraulic tools use

A

compressed liquids

46
Q

what is the upward force equals the weight of the fluid displaced

A

Archimedes Principles

47
Q

what is the temperature of Absolute Zero

A

-273 degrees Celsius

48
Q

the temperature of gas is proportional to

A

the average KE of its molecules

49
Q

charges are either

A

positive or negative

50
Q

the overall charge of an isolated system remains

A

constant

51
Q

an object with an exact balance of positive and negative charges is

A

neutral

52
Q

all substances are made of

A

atoms

53
Q

what is the most fundamental part of matter

A

atoms

54
Q

where do protons live

A

in the nucleus

55
Q

where do electrons live

A

they orbit the nucleus; not in it

56
Q

what is the smallest subatomic particle

A

electron

57
Q

where does the nucleus live

A

neutron

58
Q

what is the largest subatomic particle

A

nucleus

59
Q

can you change the number of protons

A

no

60
Q

can you change the number of electrons

A

yes

61
Q

a positive charge indicates a lack of

A

electrons

62
Q

In Coulombs law an increase in charge results in an

A

increases in force

63
Q

in Coulombs Law a decrease in distance results in an

A

increase in force

64
Q

Coulombs law deals with

A

atom size

65
Q

gravity deals with

A

planet size

66
Q

electrical fields cause equal but opposite charges to develop in

A

a solid object

67
Q

gravity increases as

A

matter collects

68
Q

opposite electric charges discharge as

A

charge collects

69
Q

gravity works on small or large scales interactions

A

large

70
Q

electrical fields work on large or small scale interactions

A

small

71
Q

what is made up of stacked cells to increase their voltage

A

batteries

72
Q

household energy usage is measured in

A

kilowatt hours

73
Q

the space affected by a magnetic, electrical, or gravitational force

A

force fields

74
Q

what is the experiment that says all moving charges give rise to magnetic fields

A

Oersteds experiment

75
Q

who came up with the right-hand rule

A

Oersted

76
Q

what is it when the current and the magnetic field are perpendicular to each other

A

right-hand rule

77
Q

What is the combined effect of electrical and magnetic interactions

A

electromagnetic field

78
Q

what is a coil of wire wrapped around a ferromagnetic material

A

electromagnets

79
Q

what produces a magnetic field

A

circulating currents

80
Q

devices used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) are

A

commutators

81
Q

a direct current is a

A

battery

82
Q

alternating currents are

A

what comes out of the wall

83
Q

the production of an induced current by relative motion between the wire and magnetic field

A

electromagnetic induction

84
Q

device that can step up or step down voltage

A

transformers

85
Q

an increase in voltage creates a

A

decrease in current

86
Q

transformers allow the same power to be transferred through

A

less current

1 semester junior year (17 decks)

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