Earth and Space Flashcards
Test 1
What is soil below the ground that is soaked
Saturated soil
What is the upper boundary of saturated ground
Water table
What is groundwater flowing to the surface
Spring
What are large, slowly flowing reservoirs of groundwater. Provide half of the USA’s freshwater, and erodes limestone to produce caves
Aquifers
What is water accumulated below the surface and can be a source of depositing material
groundwater
What are erosion deposits
Sediments
What are sediments that replenish soil making it more fertile
Floodplain deposits
What are deposits left as a mountain stream slows
Alluvial fan
What are deposits extending out to sea left by major rivers
Delta
What are 3 stream deposit sites
- Floodplain deposits
- Alluvial fan
- Delta
What are piles of debris at the sides of a glacier
Moraines
What is a mixture of rocks laid down by the glacier
Tills
What are two glacial deposits
- Moraines
- Tills
What are precipitated minerals in underground cracks
Veins
what are limestone deposits from a cavern’s roof
Stalactites
What are limestone deposits at the floor of a cavern
Stalagmites
Because groundwater can be a source of depositing material what can it cause
veins, stalactites, and stalagmites
what is the conversion of sediment into sedimentary rock
lithification
When did lithification most occur
during the flood
What is the movement of molten rock
Vulcanism
What are the movements of solid crustal materials
Diastrophism
What is an opening in the earth’s crust from which molten rock pours
Volcano
What is molten rock under the surface
Magma
What is molten rock above the surface
Lava
What shape is a volcano
Conical
what is a depression at the summit of a volcano
Crater
What are the deadliest products of a volcano
gas and ash
what was the most destructive volcanic event in history
Krakatoa
When was Krakatoa
August 17, 1883
What is mafic lava
the lava is runny and has low viscosity
What is felsic lava
it has more silica in it so it causes the lava to have more viscosity
What are 3 volcanic rocks
- fine grained
- basalt
- pumice
What volcanic rock is the most common volcanic rock
Basalt
What volcanic rock is light and porous igneous rock
pumice
Which volcanic rock is more mafic
Basalt
Which volcanic rock is more felsic
Pumice
Where are Volcanos located
Ring of fire” Iceland, the mediterranean, and East Africa
How many volcanic eruptions per year are there on average
50
Where is magma formed
underneath the surface
What are bodies of solidified magma
Plutons