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1 semester junior year > Physical Science Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Physical Science Quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

neither readily gives or gains electrons

A

carbon

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2
Q

easily forms 4 covalent bonds

A

carbon

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3
Q

carbon’s bonds are

A

non-polar

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4
Q

can form higher bond orders

A

carbon

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5
Q

have low van der waals forces

A

carbon-based molecules

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6
Q

molecules of just hydrogen and carbon

A

hydrocarbons

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7
Q

hydrocarbons with single bonds are

A

saturated

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8
Q

hydrocarbons with single bonds end in

A

-ane (methane, propane, butane)

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9
Q

petroleum products contain primarily

A

alkanes

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10
Q

what are Alkanes

A

Hydrocarbons with single bonds

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11
Q

representation of all the structures and bonds in an organic molecule

A

structural formulas

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12
Q

are used to distinguish isomers

A

structural formulas

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13
Q

molecules that have the same number of elements but different structures

A

Isomers

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14
Q

Hydrogen with at least one double bond

A

alkenes

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15
Q

what are the unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

alkenes / alkynes

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16
Q

hydrogen with at least one double bond end in

A

-ene (ethene, ethylene)

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17
Q

hydrocarbon with at least 1 triple bond

A

Alkyne

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18
Q

hydrocarbon with at least 1 triple bond end in

A

-yne (ethyne)

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19
Q

substituted hydrocarbons that have had one of their hydrogens replaced with something else

A

hydrocarbon groups

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20
Q

when hydrocarbons are substituted they are called _____ groups

A

functional

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21
Q

groups that alter the hydrocarbon’s properties; provide names to the molecules

A

functional groups

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22
Q

alcohols have

A

-OH

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23
Q

alcohols end in

A

-ol (glycol, glycerol)

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24
Q

haloalkanes have a ______

A

haloalkane

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25
Q

haloalkanes start with the ____ name

A

halogen (floro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-)

26
Q

ethers have an

A

-o

27
Q

ethers end in

A

-yl (dimethyl ether)

28
Q

carboxylic acids have a

A

-cooh

29
Q

carboxylic acids end in

A
  • ic acid (formic acid)
30
Q

gigantic molecules that consist of hundreds of subunits; most plastics are made of them; starts with poly-

A

polymers

31
Q

large molecules

A

macromolecules

32
Q

composed of molecules that combine a water molecule with a carbon atom; easy source of energy

A

carbohydrates

33
Q

simple sugars

A

monosaccharides

34
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

35
Q

two sugars linked together

A

disaccharides

36
Q

examples of disaccharides

A

maltose, sucrose, lactose

37
Q

chains of sugars

A

polysaccharides

38
Q

examples of polysaccharides

A

starch (in plants) and glycogen (in humans)

39
Q

plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose; produces oxygen as a waste product

A

photosynthesis

40
Q

plants, animals, and humans use glucose and oxygen to produce energy; produces carbon dioxide as a waste product

A

cellular respiration

41
Q

fats, oils, and cholesterol are

A

lipids

42
Q

long-chained carboxylic acids

A

fatty acids

43
Q

the longest chain of fatty acids

A

triglyceride

44
Q

adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats (artificial process done in a food laboratory; force it to happen)

A

hydrogenation

45
Q

lipid that stabilizes cell membranes, transports fats as lipoproteins

A

cholesterol

46
Q

healthy and clean excess lipids out of the blood vessels

A

Hdl

47
Q

lousy because the deposit them on the vessel walls

A

Ldl

48
Q

lab modified fats

A

trans fats

49
Q

amino acids build them

A

protiens

50
Q

building blocks of living cells; all cells have these

A

proteins

51
Q

made of 20 amino acids; 9 are essential, 11 are non-essential

A

proteins

52
Q

how many amino acids are essential for a protein

A

9

53
Q

how many amino acids are non-essential for a protein

A

11

54
Q

arranged in polypeptide chains

A

proteins

55
Q

acids that are found in the nucleus

A

nucleic acids

56
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid/ master program

A

DNA

57
Q

the blueprints of life that reside in the nucleus of the cells

A

DNA

58
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

RNA

59
Q

copies of DNA that make proteins using the DNA’s information

A

RNA

60
Q

long chains of nucleotides

A

structure of nucleic acids

61
Q

each nucleotide has a ________, ______, and a _____

A

phosphate, sugar, and a base

62
Q

the order of the bases holds the

A

genetic code

1 semester junior year (26 decks)

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