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Gail Mastery > Physical Science Midterm > Flashcards

Physical Science Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of temperature ?

A

Fahrenheit or Celsius

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2
Q

What is the basic unit for mass

A

Gram

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3
Q

What is the basic unit of length

A

Meters

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4
Q

What is the basic unit of volume

A

Liters

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5
Q

What is the basic unit of time

A

Seconds

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6
Q

What changes in an experiment

A

Variable

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7
Q

An educated, testable scientific guess

A

Hypothesis

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8
Q

Mass per unit volume (or how much mass is crammed into a certain volume)

A

Density

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9
Q

The measure of the amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

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10
Q

Variable that shows the outcome of the experiment;changes due to the changes you made

A

Dependent

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11
Q

Variable that YOU control (like, type of fertilizer)

A

Independent

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12
Q

State the steps of the scientific method

A

State problem
Collect info
Make hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Analyze data
Draw conclusions

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13
Q

4 main categories of scientific study

A

Earth science
Life science
Chemistry
Physics

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14
Q

Water’s boiling and freezing point in Celsius

A

Boiling point- 100 degrees Celsius
Freezing point- 0 degrees Celsius

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15
Q

Water’s boiling and freezing point in Fahrenheit

A

Boiling point- 212 degrees Fahrenheit
freezing point- 32 degrees Fahrenheit

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16
Q

Symbol for bromine, lithium, and zinc

A

Bromine- Br
Lithium- Li
Zinc- Zn

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17
Q

Be able to name signs that a chemical reaction is occurring

A

Bubbles, burning, new odor, rusting

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18
Q

A mixture in which the parts are not evenly distributed

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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19
Q

Pure substance made of only one kind of atom

A

Element

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20
Q

Two or more elements chemically combined to make a new substance

A

Compound

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21
Q

A mixture of two or more substances which are evenly distributed; also called a solution

A

Homogeneous

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22
Q

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

A

Boiling point

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23
Q

The resistance to flow of a liquid

A

Viscosity

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24
Q

The ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it

A

Buoyancy

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25
Q

Least common state of matter on earth

A

Plasma

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26
Q

The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance (how fast the particles move)

A

Temperature

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27
Q

Most common state of matter in the universe

A

Plasma

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28
Q

Temperature at which a solid begins to liquify

A

Melting point

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29
Q

The spread of particles throughout a given volume until evenly distributed

A

Diffusion

30
Q

Which state of matter has indefinite shape and volume

A

Gas

31
Q

Which state of matter has definite shape and definite volume

A

Solid

32
Q

Which state of matter has indefinite shape and definite volume

A

Liquid

33
Q

List 3 examples of plasma

A

Lightning, sun, star

34
Q

Which substance is an exception to the principle of thermal expansion

A

Water

35
Q

Who is credited with writing this principal?

Pressure applied to the fluid is transmitted through the fluid

A

Pascal

36
Q

Who is credited with writing this principle?

As the velocity of a fluid increases the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases

A

Bernoulli’s

37
Q

Who is credited with writing this principle?

The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

A

Archimedes

38
Q

General name for elements found along the stair step line

A

Metalloids

39
Q

Number that tells the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

A

Mass #

40
Q

Particles that orbit around the nucleus in a “cloud”

A

Electrons

41
Q

The center of an atom

A

Nucleus

42
Q

A horizontal row on the periodic table

A

Period

43
Q

A vertical column on the periodic table

A

Group

44
Q

The charge of a neutron

A

Neutral

45
Q

The charge of an electron

A

Negative

46
Q

The charge of a proton

A

Positive

47
Q

Indicates the number of protons in the nucleus

A

Atomic #

48
Q

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotopes

49
Q

The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

A

Atoms

50
Q

Usually gases of brittle solids at room temperature

A

Nonmetals

51
Q

Unit used to measure the mass of protons and neutrons

A

Amu

52
Q

Small particles that make up protons and neutrons

A

Quarks

53
Q

Generally solids at room temperature; shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity

A

Metals

54
Q

One or two letter representation of an element

A

Symbol

55
Q

Two particles found in the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutron and proton

56
Q

Group 1; most reactive metals

A

Alkali metals

57
Q

Group 2

A

Alkaline metals

58
Q

Group 18; most stable

A

Noble gases

59
Q

Group 17; most reactive non-metals

A

Halogens

60
Q

Group 3-12; in the middle

A

Transition metals

61
Q

Represents a compound

A

Formula

62
Q

A compound composed of two elements

A

Binary compound

63
Q

A molecule with charges that are not evenly distributed; may have a positive end and a negative end

A

Polar molecule

64
Q

Best example of a polar molecule

A

Water

65
Q

Indicates the number of electrons the element will lose or gain to become stable; the charge of the ion

A

Oxidation number

66
Q

Attraction that forms when atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bond

67
Q

A charged particle; an atom that has gained or lost electrons

A

Ion

68
Q

Smallest part of a compound that still has the properties of that compound

A

Molecules

69
Q

Forbes by two to more elements chemically combines

A

Compound

70
Q

Numbers that indicate the number of atoms of each element in a compound

A

Subscripts

71
Q

Force of attraction between ions with opposite charges

A

Ionic bonds

Gail Mastery (15 decks)

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