Life Science Midterm Flashcards by Abby Eastman

Smallest unit of any living thing

Cell

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Theory we believe; living things can only come from other living things

Biogenesis

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Science making our lives better

Technology

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Doing an experiment enough times, or using enough samples so that you can be sure the results are correct

Validity

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Thing that would change in an experiment

Variable

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The balance of nature

Homeostasis

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Any living thing

Organism

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“Two name naming system”

Binomial nomenclature

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Things that should stay the same in an experiment

Constance

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To group according to similar characteristics

Classify

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List 6 steps of ATWOOD scientific method

1.State Problem
2. Collect information
3. Make hypothesis
4. Test hypothesis
5. Analyze data
6. Draw conclusions

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3 things all organisms have in common

Can reproduce
Grow and develop
Ability to adapt

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What do you know about any animal that is the phylum Chordata

Has a vertebrae

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What do you know about any animal is in class Mammalia

It’s a mammal (duh)

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What do you know about any animal that is in the order Carnivora

It’s a carnivore

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Homo sapien=

Human

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Felis domesticus=

Cat

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Canus familiarius=

Dog

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List Seven taxons in order

Kingdom
Class
Phylum
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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Series of passageways from the nucleus to the other parts of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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E.R. Comes in two types…

Rough and smooth

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Water-based, jelly-like substance within the cell

Cytoplasm

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Type of microscope used in our classroom

Compound light

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Credited with the first good compound microscope

Leeuwuenk

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Digests old worn out cells and cell parts

Lysosomes

Describes a cell with membrane-bound cell structures;has a true nucleus

Eukaryotic

Outside of an animal cell

Cell membrane

Control center of the cell

Nucleus

Green pigment used in photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

Container for green pigment

Chloroplast

Storage units for food, water, and waste

Vacuoles

Provides energy for the cell

Mitochondria

Makes protein for the cell

Ribosomes

“Packaging plants” for the cell

Golgi body

Transfer units for Golgi body

Vesicles

Outside of a plant cell; for structure and support

Cell wall

Describe the cell with no membrane bound parts; no true nucleus

Prokaryotic

Collective name for all cell parts

Organelles

Three parts of cell theory

1. All organelles have one or more cells 2. cells only come from other cells of the same kind. 3. cells are the basic unit of organization of living things.

How to correctly hold a microscope

Hold by the arm and carry by the base

1. Cell = 2. Tissue= 3. Organ= 4. Organ system= 5. Multicellular organisms

1. The basic unit of life 2. Group of cells 3. Groups of tissues 4. Group of organs 5. The whole living thing

Type of mixture that will not maintain equilibrium; will eventually “fall out” of solution

Suspensión

All the chemical reactions occurring within an organism

Metabolism

Organism that can make its own food internally

Producer

Smallest particle of matter

Atom

Two or more elements chemically combined

Compound

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Matter

Where respiration occurs

Mitochondria

Two or more elements or substances together, they are not chemically combined, can be separated back out

Mixture

Pure substance made of only one type of atom

Element

Causes change

Energy

Type of mixture, which one substance is dissolved in another

Solution

For organic compounds important to living things:

1. Carbohydrates. 2. Lipids 3. Protein 4. Nucleic acid.

List the three types of passive transport:

1. Facilitated diffusion. 2. Simple diffusion 3. Osmosis.

List the three types of active transport:

1. endocytosis. 2. Carrier proteins. 3. Exocytosis.

What is the term that describes are cell membranes?

Semi permeable

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

CO2 plus H2O plus light equals C6H206+ energy.

The chemical equation for respiration

C6H1202 equals CO2 plus H2O plus energy

Describes a pair of genes that are different

Heterozygous

Specific characteristics of an organism

Traits

A gene that is always expressed, it is written with a capital letter

Dominant

Diagram that shows the probability that offspring will have certain characteristics

Punnets square

Diagram, showing how characteristics are passed from one generation to the next

Pedigree

The passing of traits from one generation to the next

Heredity

Father of genetics

Gregor, Mendel

Process that creates specialize sex cells

Meiosis

Gene that is easily cover it up, always written with a lowercase letter

Recessive

Describes a pair of genes that are like

Homozygous

The study of heredity

Genetics

Describe cells that have half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells

Haploid

The genetic make up of an individual

Genotype

Requires genetic information from two parents

Sexual reproduction

Give an example of a heterozygous genotype, any letter

Any letter with a capital letter first and a lowercase following

Being colorblind is an example of this

Sex linked

Hair color, eyecolor, height, color, skin, color, etc. are signs of being…

Polygenic

Spell what DNA stands for

Deoxyribonucleic acid

The process by which cells replicate themselves

Mitosis

A small section of DNA that makes a certain proteins, causing a specific trait

Gene

Two men credited with the current DNA model

Watson, Crick

Long strands of DNA coil together, can often be easily seen under a microscope

Chromosome

Describe the shape of the DNA molecule (two strands, twisted)

Double helix

The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself

DNA replication

Is mitosis a form of sexual or asexual reproduction?

Asexual

List the four nitrogen bases, matching them appropriately

Adenine, thymine Guanine, cytosine

Describes a cell that has half the total number of chromosomes

Haploid

More scientific name for sex cells

Gametes

Describe the cell that has the total number of chromosomes

Diploid

Human diploid number

Human haploid number

List only the phases of mitosis

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

When the cell is at rest, but not really

Interphase