Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPLEX II - Lynda > Physical Medicine Part 4 > Flashcards

Physical Medicine Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for use of Diathermy?

A

Chronic inflammation (bursitis, tendinitis, inactive IBD), bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, chronic cystitis, chronic prostatitis, chronic sinusitis, muscle guarding, spasm, hypertonicity, adhesions, tenosynovitis, intercostal neuralgia, chronic strain/sprain, contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a contraindication for use of Diathermy?

A

Long term use or overuse, areas of low vascularity, hypothermasthenia, hemorrhage, menstruation, phlebitis, anticoagulant therapy, over growing bones, gonads, the brain, heart, or gravid uterus, regional metal implant, metal in the field, metal IUD, hearing aids, pacemaker, TB, CA, acute inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of Diathermy?

A

Non-ionizing electromagnetic field (22.17 MHz radio waves) radiates out as far as 20’ causing movement of ions inside cells, creating friction and heat that penetrates deeply (>4-8cm) into highly vascular tissues. Vasodilation, hyperemia, and muscle relaxation occur, enhances phagocytosis and waste removal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the proper application of Diathermy?

A

Position pt on non-metal table, cables not touching pt. Don’t let cables touch pt. Space plates evenly near pt. Towels applied btwn plates and skin. Increase power until needle peaks in tx range (not max power). Pt should feel warm (NOT hot). Duration 5-10min (acute) or 10-15min (chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the indication for Therapeutic Ultrasound?

A

Chronic inflammation, muscle guarding, adhesions, wound healing, joint contracture, sprains, scarring, fascitis, trigger points, bone spurs, plantar warts, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the contraindications for Therapeutic Ultrasound?

A

Acute INFXN, pacemaker (tx over thorax), over cancerous lesion, epiphyseal plates (in children), over fx including recently healed, arterial insufficiency, hemorrhage, over eyes, gravid uterus, cervical ganglia or carotid sinus, bony prominences, metallic implants, thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism for Therapeutic Ultrasound?

A

Sound waves cause micromassage effects at tissue boundaries. May separate fibrotic tissues. Heating effect penetrates deeply (>5cm) and most prominent at tissue boundaries (none in adipose). Limited use in pain control. U/S conducts poorly through air (must use coupler)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the proper application of Therapeutic Ultrasound?

A

Apply coupling medium. Set timer and intensity (1-2 watts/cm2) and begin tx (lasts 5-10min). Apply transceiver directly to skin and move it slowly, constantly over area, maintain contact. For use of water as coupling medium (for irregular surfaces), there is no need to apply the sound head to the skin directly (keep transceiver moving).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the indication for Phonophoresis?

A

Inflammation in subQ tissues (using anti-inflam substances including 10% hydrocortisone or flavonoids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the contraindication for Phonophoresis?

A

Acute INFXN, pacemaker (tx over thorax), over cancerous lesion, epiphyseal plates (in children), over fx including recently healed, arterial insufficiency, hemorrhage, over eyes, gravid uterus, cervical ganglia or carotid sinus, bony prominences, metallic implants, thrombophlebitis. Also, allergy to ion to be utilized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism for Phonophoresis?

A

Whole medicinal molecules are driven into skin and deeper muscle and nerve by means of U/S. Polarity of substance is irrelevant as it is driven in by mechanical force of the sound, not electrochemical repulsion (as in iontophoresis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the proper application of Phonophoresis?

A

Apply coupling medium. Set timer and intensity (1-2 watts/cm2) and begin tx (lasts 5-10min). Apply transceiver directly to skin and move it slowly, constantly over area, maintain contact. For use of water as coupling medium (for irregular surfaces), there is no need to apply the sound head to the skin directly (keep transceiver moving).
Mix therapeutic substance into coupling medium (use only substances that mix appropriately; DO NOT use whipped products as the extra air content will decrease sound transmission).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the indication for High Voltage Galvanism?

A

Pain relief (neuritis/neuralgia, radiculitis, sciatica, strain/sprain), trigger points (neg galv), acute pain (+galv, 70-150 bps); chronic pain (+galv 0-15 bps), chronic muscle spasm or weakness (70-110 bps), edema (<10bps), wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the contraindications for High Voltage Galvanism?

A

Through eyes, brain, heart, gravid uterus, CA, INFXN, hemorrhage, pacemaker, acute muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism for High Voltage Galvanism?

A

Depth of penetration depends on peak current (ave 1-1.5mA, up to 2500 mA), tissue conductivity (muscle/nerve/skin >adipose >bone) and nerve selectivity. Penetration >low volt galv. Reduces pain and muscle spasm, tonifies and “re-educates” injured muscles, dec. edema. Polarity of active pad minor issue (+ pole analgesic, vasoconstriction, antimicrobial; neg pole for trigger points, vasodilation, softens adhesions, exercises muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the proper application for High Voltage Galvanism?

A

Wash skin. Power off. Apply large indifferent pad to thigh or low back (whichever is furtherest from active pads). Apply active pads (2 to 4, >1” apart). Slowly increase power (1-2 mA/inch2 active pad) to point of uncomfortable sensation. Gauge intensity based on desired effect. 20-30min duration (1-5min for small pain points; 45 min for chronic pain/edema).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the indication for Low Voltage Galvanism?

A

Denervated muscles, restricted joint motion, passive exercise (low freq), arthritis, neuralgia, myalgia, sprains, strains, acute pain (+galv), chronic pain (neg galv), decubitus ulcers, to perform iontophoresis, adhesions (neg galv), entropion and ectropion (+galv), excessive scarring (neg galv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are contraindications for Low Voltage Galvanism?

A

Hypoesthesia, near gravid uterus, transcerebral, transcoronar, mets CA, pacemaker, metallic implants, metal in field, and for the love of everything holy, DO NOT suddenly break the circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mechanism of Low Voltage Galvanism?

A

Acid-based reactions under the active pad contribute to benefit but can cause burns. Slightly warms tissues. Effects depend on polarity of active pad (+ pole hardens scars, downarrow nerve irritability, vasoconstricts, dec. bleeding, contracts tissue, analgesic, antimicrobial; neg pole softens scars, increases nerve irritability, vasodilator, hyperemic, increases bleeding, relaxes tissue, hypersensitizing (low intensity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the proper application of Low Voltage Galvanism?

A
  • Secure pads soaked in saline to skin
  • Inactive pad on thigh or low back (4x >area than active pad)
  • Slowly increase power (max dose 1-2mA/sq inch active pad or pt sensation) Do not exceed during therapy (skin and nerves adapt). 10-20min duration.
  • Slowly dec. power near end.
  • To stimulate denervated muscle use 0.5-40 Hz freq and turn power up in short pulse mode (turn power off as soon as muscle contraction occurs to avoid burns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the indication for positive ions (Ca2+) with Iontophoresis?

A

Adhesive capsulitis and spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the indication for positive ions (CuSO4) with Iontophoresis?

A

Tinea pedis, onychomycosis, hemorrhoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the indication for positive ions (Lidocaine) with Iontophoresis?

A

Acute pain, sprains, tendinitis, bursitis, myositis, neuritis, IV disc problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the indication for positive ions (MgSO4) with Iontophoresis?

A

Bursitis, edema, strains, sprains, acute pain, neuritis, OA, RA, spasms, IV disc problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the indication for positive ions (AgNO3) with Iontophoresis?

A

Warts and onychomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the indication for positive ions (ZnSO4) with Iontophoresis?

A

Skin disorders and ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the indication for negative ions (Hesperidin) with Iontophoresis?

A

Varicosities, ecchymosis, and capillary fragility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the indication for negative ions (Iodine) with Iontophoresis?

A

Adhesions, bursitis, sprains, calcific tendinitis, neuropathy,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the indication for negative ions (Niacin) with Iontophoresis?

A

Arthritis, peripheral vascular dz, spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the indication for negative ions (PABA) with Iontophoresis?

A

Scleroderma and Peyronie’s Dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the indication for negative ions (Proteolytic enzymes) with Iontophoresis?

A

Acute and chronic pain, bursitis, adhesions, inflammation, and tendinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are contraindication for Iontophoresis?

A

Allergy to ion, hypoesthesia, metal implants, gravid uterus, distrupted skin (may lead to excessive absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the mechanism for Iontophoresis?

A

Low volt galv current drives ions into skin and tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the mechanism for penetration with Iontophoresis?

A

Organic (up to 1cm) >inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which 3 ions associated with Iontophoresis are analgesic?

A

Ca, Mg, and Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which 5 ions associated with Iontophoresis are Anti-inflammatory?

A

Ca, Hesperidin, Mg, Iodine, and enzymes

37
Q

Which 3 ions associated with Iontophoresis are antiseptics?

A

Cu, Au, Zn

38
Q

Which 2 ions associated with Iontophoresis are sclerolytics?

A

PABA and enzymes

39
Q

What is the proper application of Iontophoresis?

A

Performed as w/ low volt galv except active pad is either in a bath of ionic solution or somehow the ion is applied. For positive ions, the active pa must be negative to drive them into the skin (vice versa for negative ions)

40
Q

What are the indications for Infared Phototherapy?

A

Chronic arthritis or lumbalgia, fractures, peripheral neuropathy, muscle spasms, strains, skin INFXN, or to relax tissue prior to PT.

41
Q

What are the indications for low temp (not >90 degrees) Infared Phototherapy?

A

Causalgia, Raynaud’s, thromboangitis obliterans, thrombophlebitis

42
Q

What are contraindications for Infared Phototherapy?

A

Poor blood flow (except low temp), hypoesthesia, CA, hemorrhagic tendency, local edema, gangrene, sunburn, very sensitive/fair skin, over counterirritant creams, acute fever, over gravid uterus, transocular, infant, metal, contact lenses

43
Q

What is the mechanism for Infared Phototherapy?

A

IR Lamp, hydrocollator pads, whirlpools, paraffin baths and steam all can be used. Cosine and inverse square laws apply when determining settings.

44
Q

What is the setting for Luminous Lamp with Infared Phototherapy? Non-Luminous Lamp?

A

Luminous Lamp: 3000 degrees C, 5-10mm penetration (30% of energy)
Non-Luminous Lamp: 500 degrees C, 0.1-0.2mm penetration

45
Q

What does Infared Phototherapy encourage?

A

Increased local circulation, decongestant effect and inc. exudate absorption, relaxes muscles, antispasmodic, analgesia (minor), general relaxation

46
Q

What is the proper application of Infared Phototherapy?

A

IR source 18-20” from treated part and at a 90 degree angle to surface. Place a towel on pt’s skin. Duration 20-30min or if pt feels too warm. Check every 3-5min and keep skin DRY to avoid burns. Follow with short rest period, then massage to dissipate heat. Hydrocollators (150-170 degrees F) placed on at least 3 layers of towel. NEVER place pt on top of a hydrocollator.

47
Q

What are indications for UV Phototherapy?

A

Think skin conditions! Psoriasis (w/ photosensitizers), acne, abscess, carbuncles, tineas, herpes zoster, open wounds, non-streptococcal pharyngitis, sinusitis, skin ulcers, rickets, rosacea, PSS, asthma, arthritis, alopecia

48
Q

What are contraindications for UV Phototherapy?

A

Over eyes, genitals, new or sunburned skin, skin CA, immunodepression, DM, adrenal, renal, or hepatic insufficiency, hyperthyroidism, keloids, SLE, hemorrhagic d/o, acute dermatitis, viral exanthema, pellagra, photosensitizing drugs, very fair skin. Women 20% more sensitive than men.

49
Q

What is the mechanism for UV Phototherapy?

A

Cosine and inverse square laws apply. Inhibits lymphocytes in skin.

  • Melanin-containing granules migrate toward skin surface and destruction of prickle cells (tanning).
  • Type IV delayed hypersensitivity RXN (sunburn), esp. at 290-320 angstroms (A).
  • Vit D activation
  • Bactericidal (best from 2,537 - 2,652 (A)
  • Inc. circulation and metabolism
50
Q

What is the proper application for UV Phototherapy?

A

Determine minimal erythemal dose (MED, expose small skin areas to inc. doses) w/ lamp at set distance (30” for hot quartz; 1” for cold quartz). MED is patch area where erythema is 1st perceptible after 8h then gone after 24h . Position UV source over exposed skin (cover non-treated areas) then apply MED. Gradual tolerance to UV can develop over time, esp. w/ daily tx.

51
Q

What are indications for External Applications of Heat?

A

Chronic inflammation, muscle tension (often used before massage or adjustments)

52
Q

What are contraindications for External Applications of Heat?

A

Prolonged application of excessive heat (burning, though risk is generally small as most applications cool over time), edema, acute inflammation, fever, CA, hemorrhage, CHF, extreme ages, peripheral vascular DZ, radiation-induced tissue damage, hypoesthesia

53
Q

What is the mechanism for External Applications of Heat?

A

Inc. local metabolism, vasodilation, muscle relaxation, diaphoresis, nervous sedation (w/ mild heat, esp. dry).

54
Q

What is the proper application of External Application of Heat?

A
  • Several layers of towel btwn heat source and skin. Heat source should lay on patient and never vice versa.
  • Leave in place for 10-30min, as per pt comfort and therapeutic need (shorter before another tx, longer for other uses).
55
Q

What is the indication for use of Sine Wave?

A

LMN lesion, spasm, ischemia, denervation, “spondylotherapy” (stimulate organs by affecting related nerves), trigger point therapy.

56
Q

What are contraindications for use of Sine Wave?

A

Transcoronary, transocular, transcerebral, hematoma, fracture, metallic implants, gravid uterus, cancerous lesion, pacemaker.

57
Q

What is the mechanism for Sine Wave?

A

Low volt, low milliamperage, low freq, alternating (1-1000Hz) biphasic symmetrical current w/ sinusoidal waveform of four types - rapid (40-80Hz), slow (5-30 Hz; contracts smooth muscle), surged (develops strength in muscles, tendons, ligaments), aetanizing (70-130 Hz, fatigues nerves reducing spasm and pain). Can also stretch adhesions, decongest tissues, and stimulate endogenous opioids.

58
Q

What is the proper application for Sine Wave?

A

Apply pads to skin, slowly inc. current until sensation felt by pt. For greater effects, turn up intensity until motor contractions start then dec. it until just below this threshold. 30-60min duration.

59
Q

What are the indications for External Applications of Cold?

A

Acute inflammation, trigger points, hyperthyroidism (local application to thyroid), acute hemorrhage

60
Q

What are the contraindications for External Applications of Cold?

A

Hypoesthesia, frostbite, thermoregulation problems (incl. debilitated people w/ chronic dz), Raynaud’s syndrome, cardiac dz, cutaneous INFX.

61
Q

What is the mechanism for External Applications of Cold?

A

Dec. local metabolism, initial vasoconstriction followed by reflex vasodilation (to warm the area) followed by vasoconstriction w/ continued cold application which can ultimately cause freezing and frostbite w/ ischemia, anti-inflammatory, local analgesia and numbing

62
Q

What is the proper application for External Applications of Cold?

A

Direct application of ice to skin w/ vigorous massaging (ice massage) until there is local burning and numbness followed by gentle stretching and warming repeating daily for several days; cold packs should not contact skin directly

63
Q

What are indications for Contrast Hydrotherapy?

A

Chronic immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, INFX, arthritis, prolapsed organs ( accentuate cold), pain, soreness after body work

64
Q

What are contraindications for Contrast Hydrotherapy?

A

Hypoesthesia, Raynaud’s syndrome, cardiac dz (shock of temp changes could stress the heart)

65
Q

What is the mechanism for Contrast Hydrotherapy?

A

Inc. local circulation and metabolism, tonification of tissues, detox, systemic relaxation, immune stimulation

66
Q

What is the proper application of Contrast Hydrotherapy?

A

Heat for at least twice as long as cold phases, maintaining cold until it is warmed by body heat in the case of direct applications. Should be moist but not dripping. In a shower, use 3 min hot then 30 sec cold repeated 3 times. Commonly used as part of constitutional hydrotherapy (application of hot then cold to chest then back alternately for longer periods of time).

67
Q

What is the indication for Hyperthermia Baths?

A

Immunodepression (e.g. HIV Infxn)

68
Q

What is the mechanism for Hyperthermia Baths?

A

Inc. body temp, hypernea, tachycardia, hypoTN, HA (unless cold applications applied to head throughout tx), immune stimulation

69
Q

What is the proper application of Hyperthermia Baths?

A

Pt enters water and cold applications to the head are begun. Keep pt hydrated, stay present for the entire tx. If any s/sx of problems occur (perioral or other paresthesias, disorientation, etc.), begin immediate cooling procedures. DO NOT allow the patient to stand up suddenly (they may become unconscious due to inability to vasoregulate). Monitor temp and pulse. Duration no longer than 50min, w/ body temp at 104 degrees F (40 degrees C) max.

70
Q

What is the indication for Colon Irrigation?

A

Atonic or hypertonic constipation, megacolon (for bowel retraining), drug addiction or other need for detox, diverticulosis (NOT diverticulitis), inactive UC

71
Q

What are the contraindications for Colon Irrigation?

A

Active UC, diverticulitis, chronic corticosteroid use, inc. risk of colon perforation, regular use, overfilling, bright red anal bleeding, discomfort w/ anal intrusion, children (for legal reasons), urticaria (unless saline is used, just using regular water will cause enlargement of wheals), Crohn’s Dz, Un-Dx Abd. pain, intestinal OBSTXN, Pregnancy, fissures

72
Q

What is the mechanism for Colon Irrigation?

A

Rehydration. Mechanically stretches and retrains receptors in rectum. Cold water TIGHTENS (i.e. in atonic constipation), hot water RELAXES (i.e. in hypertonic constipation). Substances can be added to colonic fluid for added effects (coffee, cathartic laxatives, relaxing botanical meds, chlorophyll, bicarb, Lactobacillus)

73
Q

What is the proper application of Colon Irrigation?

A

R/o contraindications. Perform Abd exam w/ pt supine. Pt left lat recumbent position w/ right hip flexed. Perform digital rectal exam (1st colonic only, or if new problem). Insert lubricated speculum. Begin cycling water flow, adjusting length of flow in and out as well as water temp as needed. Once tx done (duration 45 min max), remove speculum and allow pt to use the toilet.

74
Q

What is the indication for Interferential?

A

Deep/Large joint problem, acute/chronic pain esp. visceral, urinary stress incontinence, muscle spasm w/ pain.

75
Q

What are contraindications for Interferential?

A

Fracture, fusion, recently sutured tissues, pacemaker, superficial metal implants in area, hemorrhage, CA, hypoesthetic skin, open wounds or abscesses, extreme edema, transcerebral, transcoronary, pregnancy

76
Q

What is the mechanism for Interferential?

A

2 medium freq sine waves are crossed, leading to constructive and destructive interference btwn them. One wave generally 4000Hz.

0-5 beats/sec: muscle contraction, inc. endogenous opiod (analgesic), dec. edema

0-10 beats/sec: small muscle contraction

30-50 beats/sec: tetanic muscle contraction

> 50 beats/sec: analgesic, interferes w/ pain impulse transmission

80-150 beats/sec: dec. acute pain

0-250 beats/sec: dec. chronic pain (inc. acute pain)

77
Q

What is the proper application of Interferential?

A

Place pads (usu. 4) w/ red and black electrodes crossing. Further apart pads are placed = deeper penetration. Start at zero intensity and slowly inc. it. Duration 10-20 min (longer for chronic problems) at just sub-pain levels

78
Q

What is the indication for Microcurrents: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)?

A

Acute or chronic pain conditions

79
Q

What is the contraindication for Microcurrents: TENS?

A

Transcoronary, eye, transcerebral, hematoma, fracture, metallic implants, gravid uterus, cancerous lesion, pacemaker.

80
Q

What is the mechanism for Microcurrents: TENS?

A

Conventional mode TENS relieves pain via a proposed spinal cord gating mechanism (enkephalins, neuromodulation), its duration of action is short. Waveform is usu. faradic (spiked) or square wave and amperage is typically in the micro- to milliamp range.

81
Q

What is the proper application of Microcurrents: TENS?

A

Prepare skin area and instruct patient what to expect. Set machine to correct parameters for tx. Place active pads (electrodes) over site of pain. Plug lead wires into active pads and then into TENS unit. Set unit to comfortable sensory level below motor threshold. Duration 30-60 min (some pts use it 24h)

82
Q

What is the indication for Microcurrent: Electroacupuncture?

A

General musculoskeletal complaints, joint pathology, acute or chronic pain, general tonification

83
Q

What are contraindications for Microcurrent: Electroacupuncture?

A

Pacemaker, heart condition esp. arrhythmia, seizure d/o, acute anxiety attack, deficient Qi and/or Blood (OM dx).
DO NOT use across the body, esp. across the head, chest, or gravid uterus.
DO NOT apply stimulation across new scars, abrasions, or cuts, pregnancy, across cancerous lesion

84
Q

What is the mechanism for Microcurrent: Electroacupuncture?

A

Creation of half-cell potential due to presence of metal needle in extracellular fluid; stimulation of endorphins and enkephalin release; direct stimulation of nervous system; movement of qi.

85
Q

What is the proper application for Microcurrent: Electroacupuncture?

A

Clean acupoints w/EtOH. Insert needles and acquire qi (if using electrodes, apply gel to electrode and attach to point). Adjust machine to desired type of stimulus (freq, polarity, waveform, etc.). Power off; attach alligator clips or electrode pins.

Black lead (-) is sedating and goes on the site of pain.

Red lead (+) is tonifying and goes on the other needle in the chosen point combo.

Start w/ intensity switch on low. Check pt comfort. Turn machine on and slowly inc. intensity until pt 1st feels electrical stim. When pt says stimulus is strong but comfortable, inc. intensity. Repeat for each channel used. When finished, slowly dec. intensity in all channels.

86
Q

What is the indication for Microcurrents: Alpha Stim?

A

Chronic pain. Cranial Electric Stim (CES) - depression, insomnia, addiction, withdrawal

87
Q

What are the contraindications for Microcurrents: Alpha Stim?

A

Pacemaker, across cancerous lesion, transcoronary, over gravid uterus

88
Q

What is the mechanism for Microcurrents: Alpha Stim?

A

Endrophins/enkephalins triggered as well as serotonin

89
Q

What is the proper application of Microcurrents: Alpha Stim?

A

Start at 0.5Hz. Move probes to a new location in those 2 seconds. Placement in an “X” pattern. One tx set is about 5 or 6, ten second stimulations, each at a different angle.

NPLEX II - Lynda (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions