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NPLEX II - Lynda > Pharmacology Group 4 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Group 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Amlopidine is a what type of drug?

A

Calcium channel blocker

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2
Q

What are 2 indications to use a calcium channel blocker?

A
  1. HTN

2. Angina

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3
Q

What is the specific action of a calcium channel blocker?

A

Calcium channel antagonist that reduces calcium influx, leading to vasodilation. It can increase HR via sympathetic reflex.

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4
Q

What are 9 adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

A
  1. Edema (Very common)
  2. Fatigue (common)
  3. Dizziness
  4. Palpitations
  5. AV block
  6. Erectile dysfunction
  7. Nausea
  8. Headache
  9. Gynecomastia
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5
Q

What are 7 contraindications for use of calcium channel blockers?

A
  1. Sick sinus syndrome
  2. Heart block
  3. Hypotension
  4. Acute MI
  5. Pulmonary congestion
  6. Chronic renal failure
  7. Unstable angina
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6
Q

What is the pregnancy class for calcium channel blockers?

A

Preg C

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7
Q

T/F: Calcium channel blockers have synergistic toxicity w/ beta blockers

A

True

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8
Q

T/F: Calcium channel blockers decrease toxicity of carbamazepine, cyclosporine, digoxin, and theophylline

A

FALSE! CCBs INCREASE toxicity of these meds

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9
Q

T/F: Calcium channel blockers have an unpredictable interaction with lithium

A

True

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10
Q

What are 5 medications/supplements that decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Vitamin D
  3. Barbituates
  4. Rifampin
  5. Phenytoin
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11
Q

What are 2 substances that increase the effects/toxicity of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • H2 blocker anti-acids

- Quinidine

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12
Q

What are 3 monitoring parameters associated with calcium channel blockers?

A
  1. Liver function test
  2. BP
  3. ECG
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13
Q

What is the administration route of calcium channel blockers? What is a caution for discontinuing this medication?

A

Oral

DO NOT withdraw abruptly; can cause rebound angina

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14
Q

What are 2 indications for use of Furosemide?

A
  1. HTN

2. Edema (pulmonary, CHF, nephrotic syndrome, ascites)

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15
Q

What is the action of Furosemide? What mineral is wasted?

A

Loop diuretic: inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in proximal and distal tubules and loop of Henle.
Wastes potassium

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16
Q

What are 7 adverse effects of using Furosemide?

A
  1. Hypokalemia
  2. Hyperuricemia
  3. Hyperglycemia
  4. Dehydration
  5. Hypovolemia w/ circulation collapse and thromboembolism
  6. Tinnitus
  7. Hearing loss
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17
Q

What are 6 contraindications for using Furosemide?

A
  1. Anuria
  2. Sulfonylurea allergy
  3. Severe electrolyte imbalance
  4. Hepatic cirrhosis
  5. SLE
  6. DM
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18
Q

What is the pregnancy class of Furosemide?

19
Q

T/F: Furosemide is highly protein bound

20
Q

T/F: Furosemide potentiates digoxin and lithium toxicity

21
Q

T/F: Furosemide has a antagonistic toxicity with ototoxic drugs (ahminoglycosides, cisplatin, salicylates)

A

FALSE! It has a synergistic toxicity with ototoxic drugs

22
Q

T/F: Furosemide potentiates anticoagulants

23
Q

T/F: Phenytoin and NSAIDS work synergistically with Furosemide

A

FALSE! Phenytoin and NSAIDS interfere with Furosemide

24
Q

T/F: Furosemide interferes with thiazide diuretics

A

FALSE! Furosemide works synergistically with thiazide diuretics

25
Q

What are 7 monitoring parameters associated with use of Furosemide?

A
  1. Weight
  2. BP
  3. Serum electrolytes
  4. Uric acid
  5. Glucose
  6. Renal function
  7. Hearing (when using high doses)
26
Q

What are 3 routes of administration of Furosemide?

A
  1. Oral
  2. IM
  3. IV
27
Q

What are 5 indication for use of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?

A
  1. HTN (not preeclampsia)
  2. Edema (CHF, ascites, estrogen/steroid induced, nephrotic syndrome)
  3. Urolithiasis prevention
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Diabetes insipidus
28
Q

What is the action of HCTZ? What mineral is wasted? What happens?

A

Thiazide diuretic: Acts in distal tubules and ascending loop of Henle to increase Na+Cl- excretion.
Wastes potassium and decreases hypercalciuria

29
Q

What are 6 adverse effects of using HCTZ?

A
  1. Hypertriglyceridemia
  2. Dyslipidemia
  3. Electrolyte imbalances (esp. hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia)
  4. Decreased glucose tolerance
  5. Impaired renal function
  6. Photosensitization
30
Q

What are 6 contraindications for using HCTZ?

A
  1. Anuria
  2. Electrolyte imbalance
  3. Sulfonamide intolerance
  4. Hepatic failure
  5. SLE
  6. DM
31
Q

What is the pregnancy category for HCTZ?

32
Q

T/F: Hypercalcemia can occur with Ca2+ supplementation when using HCTZ

33
Q

T/F: HCTZ interferes with anticoagulants

34
Q

T/F: HCTZ can reduce leukopenia due to chemotherapy

A

FALSE! It prolongs leukopenia

35
Q

T/F: HCTZ decrease digoxin and lithium toxicity

A

FALSE! It potentiates these drugs

36
Q

T/F: HCTZ interferes with oral hypoglycemics

37
Q

T/F: Anticholinergics decrease absorption of HCTZ

A

FALSE! Anticholinergics increase absorption

38
Q

T/F: NSAIDS decrease the effects of HCTZ

39
Q

What are 7 indications for using Spironolactone?

A
  1. Edema associated with aldosterone excretion
  2. HTN
  3. Primary hyperaldosteronism
  4. Hypokalemia
  5. Hirsutism
  6. Cirrhosis with edema or ascites
  7. Used with ACE inhibitors in patients with severe CHF
40
Q

What are the actions of Spironolactone?

A

Potassium-sparing aldosterone receptor antagonist in distal renal tubules; increases NaCl and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions

41
Q

T/F: Patients taking Spironolactone should avoid use with potassium supplements, diet rich in potassium or other drugs that can cause hyperkalemia

A

True: doing this can be life-threatening

42
Q

What are 14 adverse effects associated with Spironolactone use?

A
  1. Edema
  2. CNS disorders
  3. Drowsiness/Fatigue
  4. Lethargy
  5. Headache
  6. Mental confusion
  7. Ataxia
  8. Fatigue
  9. Gynecomastia
  10. Anorexia
  11. Nausea
  12. Cramping
  13. Diarrhea
  14. Gastric bleeding
43
Q

What are 4 contraindications for using Spironolactone?

A
  1. Acute renal insufficiency
  2. Anuria
  3. Hyperkalemia
  4. Renal impairment
44
Q

What are 4 medications/types that should be avoided while using Spironolactone?

A
  1. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  2. Angiotensin-receptor antagonists
  3. Co-trimoxazole
  4. ACE inhibitors

NPLEX II - Lynda (29 decks)

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