Pharmacology - Quick Review Flashcards
Name the medication: -Antineoplastic, antimetabolite (S phase cell cycle) -Oral: paliative tx carcinoma -Topical: superficial BCC Preg D & lactation
5-Fluorouracil
Name the medication: -analgesic/antipyretic Act CENTRALLY only -*3 grams with alcohol will shut down the liver MAX DOSE: 4grams/daily PREG C
Acetominophen
Name the medication:
-antiviral (doesn’t kill it, just stops multiplication)
-Herpes simplex infxns, genital herpes, herpes zoster infxns (shingles and chicken pos/varicella)
PREG B
Acyclovir
Name the medication:
-antirheumatic, immunomodulator tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker RA, anklylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s dz, plaque psoriasis
C/I: pregnancy, lactation, active TB, severe infxn
Adalimumab
Name the medication:
-bronchodilator, anti-asthmatic, beta 2 adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic)
-acute bronchospasm
PREG C
Albuterol
Name the medication:
-bone resorption inhibitor
-TX and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; inc. bone mass in men w/ osteoporosis, Paget’s dz
SE: Esophageal erosion; osteonecrosis of the jaw, cessation of bone remodeling
-PTs MUST REMAIN UPRIGHT for at least 30 minutes
C/I: in hypocalcemia
PREG C
Alendronate
Name the medication:
Used in anxiety & panic d/o, alcohol withdrawal, as muscle relaxants
SE: ataxia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue
CI: concomitant use w/ opioids Tolerance & dependence issues w/ this class
PREG D
Wastes melatonin
Alprazolam
Name the medication:
-antiviral, antiparkinsonian (used to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesias late in the dz)
-weak dopamine agonist, inhibits replication of influenza type A virus influenza A, prophylaxis of influenza A, Herpes zoster in immunocompromised pts., Parkinson’s dz
SE: may exacerbate mental illness in pts w/ psych dz or substance abuse problems; insomnia, dizzy, hallucinations,
agitation, orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, dyspepsia; neuroleptic malignant
syndrome
C/I - pregnancy, lactation
Amantadine
Name the medication:
-antiarrhythmic agent
-ventricular arrhythmias including recurrent ventricular fibrillation & recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia
SE: pulmonary toxicities (potentially fatal), hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism d/t structural similarity to thyroxine, abn inc. in hepatic enzymes, blue-grey coloring of skin, photosensitivity
PREG D
Amiodarone
Name the medication: -tricyclic antidepressant -mood depression, chronic pain -SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: avoid concurrent use w/ MAOIs (discontinue 2 weeks before) & SSRIs (discontinue fluoxetine 5 weeks) - worsening depression w/ suicidal ideology PREG C
Amitriptyline
Name the medication:
Predominantly arteriolar dilator (PERIPHERY)
-calcium channel blocker
-HTN, Prinzmetal’s angina, stable angina
SE: edema
DO NOT give to pts w/ CHF, causes emotional problems w/ use in elderly women
C/I in sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, hypotension, acute MI + pulmonary congestion
Depletes: Potassium, Vit D
PREG C
Amlodipine
Name the medication:
-beta lactam antibiotic, broad spectrum penicillin
-*infxns of ear, nose, throat, gu tract, skin, lower resp tract - Streptococcus ( a- and b- hemolytic strains). Strep pneumoniae, Staph species, H. influenaz, E. coli, Neisseria gonorrhea
C/I allergy penicillins, cephalosporins
PREG B
Amoxicillin
Name the medication:
-antineoplastic agent, AROMATASE inhibitor,
-BCA
PREG X
Anastrozole
Name the medication:
-nonopioid analgesis, antipyretic, antiplatelet prophylaxis MI; juvenile RA; mild to mod pain & fever; pain and inflam. assoc w/ MSK & joint d/o
-POTENTIALLY FATAL: gastric erosion, ulceration & bleeding, occasionally fatal exacerbation of airway obstrxn in asthma; Reye’s syndrome (kids <12yo) Hepatotoxicity; CNS depression = coma; CV collapse & resp failure; paroxysmal bronchospasm & dyspnea
C/I: lactation
PREG D
Aspirin
Name the medication: Selective (β-1: heart, kidneys, brain), sympatholytic Used for: Angina, HTN, post MI SE: tiredness, depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia C/I: Asthma, COPD Use caution w/DM Depletes: CoQ-10, Melatonin, Chromium PREG D
Atenolol
Name the medication:
-lipid lowering agent
-HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
adjunct to diet in primary hypercholesterolemia & mixed dyslipidemia
SE: HA, chest pain, peripheral edema
-Decr. serum CoQ10, Vit B12 Incr. risk of rhabdomyolysis w/ fibrates
PREG X & lactation
Atorvastatin
Name the medication:
-antiarrhythmic, anticholinergic, bradycardia, organophosphorus poisoning mainly muscarinic activity; better at reversing exogenous, cholinergic activity; competitive blockade; parasympatholytic
Used for: parkinsonism, GI spams, uterine hypertonicity, biliary spasms, uretered colic, bronchial spasms, decr. tone of detrusor muscle, hyperemotionality in patients w/ brain lesions, peptic ulcer, rhinorrhea, overdose of
anticholinesterase (insecticide poisoning), bradycardia
(acute), antidote for mushroom poisoning (Inocybe genus);
pre-op to decrease salivation/mucus secretion
C/I in glaucoma, tachycardia, asthma, BPH
PREG C
Atropine
Name the medication:
-macrolide antibiotic
Used for: resp. tract infxns (OM, sinusitis) caused by streptococci, pneumococci, H. influenza, Legionella, single dose tx for chlamydial urethritis, chancroid, Mycobacterium avium complex infxns
SAFE in pregnancy
Azythromycin
Name the medication:
-stimulant laxative
-bowel evacuation before colonoscopy or surgery; acute constipation; constipation d/t opioid use (in combo w ducosate)
-Do not give antacids or milk w/in 1 hour of taking the drug (enteric coated)
PREG B
Bisacodyl
Name the medication: -antacid, antidiarrheal agent nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea Impedes growth of H.pylori Biofilm disruptor SE: black tongue or black tarry stools C/I: lactation PREG C,D,
Bismuth subsalicylate
Name the medication:
-antiparkinsonian, dopamine agonist hyperprolactinemia, prolactin-secreting adenomas, early Parkinsonian synd, acromegaly
SE: nausea, orthostatic hypotension, HA, vomiting;
worsening of liver problems; pulmonary fibrosis
Preg B, DO NOT use in lactation
Bromocriptine
Name the medication:
-antidepressant, smoking cessation aid, serotonin antagonist & reuptake inhibitor (SARI) depression, smoking cessation
-Fewest sexual effects
-Induces less mania
SE: clinical worsening & suicide risk
C/I: SEIZURES - lowers threshold
PREG C
Bupropion
Name the medication:
Used for anxiety
Non-sedating, moderately effective, non-addictive
SE: dizziness, confusion, HA, excitement,
blurred vision, hostile feeling/behavior, nervousness; MI/stroke
PREG B
Buspirone
Name the medication:
-CNS stimulant, xanthine
Used for: migraine
PREG caution
Caffeine
Name the medication:
Hallucinogenic, antiemetic
analgesia, antiemetic, appetite stimulant, glaucoma
Schedule I
Cannabis
Name the medication:
Rubifacient
-depletes substance P from nerve endings leading to decr. pain sensation & itching
Better for acute pain
-OA, RA, myalgia, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuralgia, pruiritic psoriasis, dialysis-related pruritis, phantom limb pain, cluster HA
Capsaicin
Name the medication:
anticonvulsant, anti-seizure
Used for : trigeminal neuralgia, prophylaxis bipolar I d/o, cranial nerve neuralgia, Bipolar, Zeizures
SE: ataxia, nystagmus, incoordination, confusion, hirsutism, facial coarsening, BP lability, suicidal behavior; agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
PREG D
Carbamazepine
Name the medication: -skeletal muscle relaxant -painful muscle spasms w/ MSK conditions C/I: lactation PREG D
Carisoprodol
Name the medication:
Non-selective (mixed: β-1, β-2, β-3: GI tract, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, lungs, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue)
Dec. sympathetic activity & heart remodeling
Used for: HTN, left ventricular dysfunction post-MI, CHF
SE: potentiates insulin induced hypoglycemia, depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia
C/I insulin dependent diabetes, asthma, COPD
PREG C
Carvedilol
Name the medication: -beta lactam antibiotic - 3rd generation cephalosporin Used for: H. influenza, H. parainfluenzae, Strep pneumoniae, Strp pyogenes, Staph aureus -SAFE for pregnancy
Cefdinir
Name the medication: -COX-2 inhibitor OA, RA, dysmenorrhea, pain relief C/I: lactation PREG D
Celecoxib
Name the medication:
-beta lactam antobiotic
- 1st generation cephalosporin
Streptococcus, H. influenza, Staph aureus, Proteus mirabillis, E. coli, Klebsiella
C/I: hypersensitivity, allergy to penicillin
Safe in pregnancy
Cephalexin
Name the medication:
-antibacterial agent, fluoroquinolone drug
Used for: urinary tract, prostate, intrabdominal (w/ metronidazole), bone or joint & skin infxns; inhalational anthrax; infx diarrhea; OM; chronic sinusitits; chlamydia; gonorrhea
SE: assoc. w/ incr. risk of tendonitis & tendon rupture further incr. in older pts (>60yo)
PREG C
Ciprofloxacin
Name the medication:
-aminosugar antibiotic
Infxns caused by streptococci, staphylococci, gram (+) organisms, acne vulgaris; infxns by anaerobes incl. Bacteroides species
SE: C. diff superinfxn, pseudomembranous colitis (higher incidence than other abx)
PREG B
Clindamycin
Name the medication:
Acts at CNS sites to dec. sympathetic outflow to the periphery, resulting in decr. norepi release at sympathetic nerve terminals & decr. vascular smooth muscle contraction
-Vasodilation, dec. peripheral resistance
-Nerve—Dec. norepi release (pre & postsynaptic neurons)
Used to dec. BP; can also be used topically for pain
SE: Mental depression, swelling of the feet & lower legs
PREG C
Clonidine
Name the medication:
-antiplatelet drug
prophylaxis of thromboembolic d/o; acute coronary synd.
-POTENTIALLY FATAL: bleeding d/o incl. GI & intracranial hemorrhage
PREG B
Clopidogrel
Name the medication:
- anesthetic
- for introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of oral, laryngeal, nasal cavities
- Schedule II
Cocaine
Name the medication: -opioid analgesic, antitussive mild to mod. pain, cough suppressant, acute diarrhea -Schedule II C/I: resp. depression PREG C, D
Codeine
Name the medication:
-anti-gout drug
SE: diarrhea, N&V, cramping, abdominal pain
PREG D
Colchicine
Name the medication:
-skeletal muscle relaxant, ANS agent, painful muscle spasms w/ MSK conditions
PREG B
Cyclobenzaprine
Name the medication:
-immunosuppressant, polypeptide abx prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidny, liver & heart allogenic transplants
Occular uses: patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation assoc w/ keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren’s, scleroderma)
SE: Eye irritation
AVOID use w/ Hypericum perfolatum
C/I: lactation
PREG C
Cyclosporine
Name the medication:
- Iron chelating agent
- CI: pregnancy
Deferoxamine
Name the medication:
-post. pituitary hormone, vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) DI, nocturnal enuresis, control bleeding in hemophilia & von Willebrand dz
PREG B
Desmopressin
Name the medication:
Highly reinforcing: profound sense of well-being, energy, optimism, psychomotor agitation, severe paranoia, psychosis d/t augmented dopamine neurotransmission
SE: restlessness, dysphoric mood, rebound fatigue,
addiction, loss of appetite, Wt loss, irritability, erectile dysfxn; HTN, tachyarrhythmia, Tourette’s syndrome, seizure, psychotic d/o, sudden death
SCHEDULE II
PREG C
Dextroamphetamine
Name the medication:
Opioid antitussive
Used to “quiet” cough. Cough suppressants. Decr. reflexive response secondary to irritant or infx agent; acts on cough center in medulla
PREG C
Dextromethorphan
Name the medication:
-anabolic steroid,
Used for: incr. pdtn estrogen & testosterone, decr. pdtn cortisol, Addison’s dz, adrenal insufficiency, cognitive disorders, depression, erectile dysfxn, immunostimulant, slowing/reversing aging, SLE, vaginal atrophy (post-menopausal), menopausal hot flashes, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s dz, WT loss
DHEA
Name the medication:
Used for: anxiety & panic d/o, EtOH withdrawal, as muscle relaxants, convulsive d/o
SE: ataxia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue
CI: concomitant use w/ opioids -Tolerance & dependence issues w/ this class
Wastes melatonin
PREG D
Diazepam
Name the medication:
Antispasmotic, anti-cholinergic
Block muscarinic receptors on parietal cells, decr. gastric acid secretion
Used for IBS
SE: dry mouth, blurred vision, cardiac arrhythmias, urinary retention
C/I: obstx uropathy, obstrx dz of GI tract, severe UC, reflux esophagitis, unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis
PREG B
Dicyclomine
Name the medication:
-Bradycardic & inotropic cardiac stimulant, digitalis glycoside positive inotropic activity
-Heart fail, supraventricular arrhythmias, CHF, A fib, atrial flutter
Depletes calcium, watch potassium levels
Narrow therapeutic window
SE: yellow vision
C/I: V. tach/fib, reduce dose in chronic kidney dz
PREG C
Digoxin
Name the medication:
Uses: dizziness, N&V assoc. w/ motion; (also has indicated use in parkinsonism; sleep aid; allergic conjunctivitis d/t foods; mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria & angioedema; amelioration of allergic rxn to blood or plasma; dermatographism)
Warnings: not to be used in pts w/ obstx (BPH, bladder-neck, pyloroduodenal, narrow angle glaucoma)
C/I: premature infants, neonates, nursing mothers
PREG B
Diphenhydramine
Name the medication:
chelator of Hg, Au, arsenic
DMPS
Name the medication:
Lead chelation agent
DMSA
Name the medication:
-stool softener, laxative
prevents constipation; incl constipation d/t opioid analgesics (give stimulant laxative); fecal impaction (give as rectal enema)
DO NOT use to soften ear wax w/ inflam or perforation
PREG C
Docusate
Name the medication:
-Used for s/sx control only in mild-moderate Alzheimer’s dz, cholinesterase inhibitor
SE: diarrhea, N&V, cramps, anorexia, vivid dreams
PREG C
Donepezil
Name the medication:
-ANTIBIOTIC antineoplastic
-inhibits nucleic acid synthesis AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma, ovarian CA, metastatic BCA
PREG D and lactation
Doxorubicin
Name the medication: -tetracycline antibiotic Infxn caused by Ricketsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme dz); acne, cholera, gonorrhea & syphillis in peniciliin allergic pts NOT drug of choice for staph infxns C/I: *Kids <8yo, pregnancy, lactation
Doxycycline
Name the medication:
-chelating agent
enhance elimination metals, particularly lead
Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA)
Name the medication:
-bronchodilator, mydriatic, sympathomimetic
Inhalation use: acute asthma
IV or Intramuscular use: anaphylactic shock
Eye drops use: ocular HTN, open angle glaucoma
PREG C
Epinephrine/adrenaline
Name the medication:
-biologic response modifier recombinant human erythropoietin anemia
PREG C
Epoetin alfa
Name the medication:
-gastric acid secretion inhibitor, PPI, GERD, peptic ulcer dz, H. pylori eradication, prevent GI bleeds w/ NSAID use
SE: malabsorption of B12
PREG C
Esomeprazole
Name the medication:
-estrogen/progestin combo vulvar & vaginal atrophy in menopause; metastatic BCA; hypoestrogenism; osteoporosis; prostate CA
PREG X
Estradiol (E2)
Name the medication:
-Naturally occurring estrogen (highest in pregnancy) HRT, infertility d/t cervical hostility; menopausal atrophic vaginitis
C/I: pregnancy
Estriol (E3)
Name the medication:
-steroidal estrogen, menopausal HRT, prophylaxis of osteoporosis
PREG X
Estrone (E1)
Name the medication:
-BPH, alopecia agent, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, male pattern baldness
C/I: children, pregnant women via direct contact or thru semen of men taking this med
PREG X
Finasteride
Name the medication: -systemic antifungal, oropharyngeal, esophageal, systemic candidiasis, bone marrow transplant prophylaxis; cryptococcal menigitis, candida UTI, candidal balanitis SE: HA C/I: pregnancy PREG D
Fluconazole
Name the medication:
Used for: MDD, OCD, bulemia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, fibromyalgia, panic attacks, phobias, PMDD
NOTE: if sexual dysfxn is an adverse effect, cyproheptadine is needed to treat that
SE: anxiety; serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, myoclonus, rapid fluctuations in mental status & vitals), may precipitate mania; worsening of depression to the point of suicide
PREG C
Fluoxetine
Name the medication:
-respiratory inhalant, anti-inflam, corticosteroid
nasal tx & prophylaxis of allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps
-INHALED: asthma prophylaxis, severe asthma, COPD
-TOPICALLY: corticoid responsive dermatoses
PREG C
Fluticasone
Name the medication:
Diuretic that exerts effect in loop of Henle
Used in edema (all causes) & HTN, malignant HTN & volume-based HTN in pts w/ advanced chronic kidney dz
SE: Tinnitus, loss of hearing (dose-related ototoxicity), electrolyte imbalances, & thirst
PREG C
Furosemide
Name the medication:
Inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel
-Originally marketed for use in epilepsy, then neuropathic pain, then anger management, bipolar d/o, fibromyalgia, migraines, menopausal symptoms.
Approved for use in epilepsy, post-herpetic neuralgia; those plus DM peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia,
SE: dizziness, fatigue, WT gain, drowsiness, edema; mild-to-moderate mood swings, hostility, concentration problems, & hyperactivity (in children 3-12y), suicidal behavior; hepatotoxicity, worsening of renal impairment, adenocarcinomas, pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas
Wastes vitamin B6
PREG C
Gabapentin
Name the medication:
-antihyperlipidemic
-fibric acid derivative
To be used in triad of LOW HDL + HIGH LDL + High Triglycerides
Causes of secondary hyperlipidemias like hypothyroidism & DM must be treated w/ diet, exercise, Wt loss, before starting tx
SE: incr. risk of rhabdomyolysis w/ statins, DVT, SOB, PE, coughing up blood, inc. homocysteine levels
C/I: hepatic or severe renal dysfunction, incl. primary biliary cirrhosis; preexisting GB dz
Depletes Vit B6
PREG C
Gemfibrozil
Name the medication:
-antidiabetic agent, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic DM2
CI: DM1, allergy to sulfonamide drugs
PREG C
Glyburide
Name the medication:
Loosens/thins mucus, making it easier to cough up
Absorbed through GI tract, metabolized in liver, excreted by kidneys
-Incr. production of resp. tract fluids
-Reduce the thickness, adhesiveness, & surface tension of mucus
Best if taken w/ plenty of water
PREG C
Guaifenesin
How many doses are given of the Haemophilus influenza type B (HiB) vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
C/I kids < 6wks
3 dose series
CHILDREN
How many doses are given of Hepatitis A Vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
2 dose series
CHILDREN
How many doses are given of Hepatitis B Vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
3 dose series
CHILDREN
Name the medication:
-narcotic for tx of acute pain, MI, acute pulmonary edema, chronic pain
SE: addiction
Schedule I
Heroin
How many doses are given of HPV Quadrivalent Vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
Which types of HPV are included in the vaccine?
3 dose series
ADOLESCENTS
types 6, 11, 16,18
Name the medication:
Thiazide diuretic incr. excretion of, Na, K, Cl, dec. Ca HTN, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic DI
Used for: chronic HTN, African American pts
SE: secondary angle-closure glaucoma) upset stomach, N&V diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, cramps, thirst
Caution w/ lithium, pts w/ severe renal dz, or pts w/ impaired hepatic fxn
C/I: sulfonamides
PREG B
Hydrochlorothiazide
Name the medication:
-intermediate corticosteroid inflam, acute or chronic adrenal insuffic.
PREG C
Hydrocortisone
Name the medication:
-antimalarial, antirheumatic, anti- inflam
Used for: RA, SLE, prophylaxis of malaria, acute malaria
C/I - long term use in kids
PREG C
Hydroxychloroquine
Name the medication:
-anxiolytic, antihistamine, sedative, hypnotic
Used for: short-term mgmt of anxiety, pruritis, chronic urticaria, preoperative sedation, allergies
PREG X in 1st trimester, C in 2nd and 3rd
Hydroxyzine
Name the medication: -NSAID Used for: pain, inflammation, fever DO NOT COMBINE WITH ASPIRIN PREG C<30 weeks, D>30 weeks
Ibuprofen
How many doses are given of Influenza vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
One dose, every year
Beginning at 6 months - 49 years
Name the medication:
-antidiabetic hormone, pancreatic hormone DM
-β-blockers can mask s/sx of hypoglycemia
PREG B
Insulin
Name the medication:
-antineoplastic, antiviral
Used for: chronic hep B & C, genital warts, leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, malignant melanoma
POTENTIALLY FATAL: reduces clearance of theophylline
C/I: infants
PREG C
Interferon - alpha
Name the medication:
Used for: cystic acne vulgaris; chemotherapeutic agent—pancreatic CA & neuroblastoma
PREG X, lactation
(Patient must use 2 forms of contraception while on this agent and the months before & after)
Isotretinoin
Name the medication:
Used for: Rapid-acting general anesthetic, NMDA receptor antagonist, date rape drug
Psychedelic therapy: the use of the term psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) emphasizes that those who use these drugs as part of a therapeutic practice believe these drugs can facilitate beneficial exploration of the psyche
Ketamine
Name the medication:
Prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist; believed to reduce intraocular pressure by incr. outflow of aqueous humor
Used in pts w/ open-angle glaucoma or ocular HTN
Warning: incr. pigmentation—iris, eyelids, eyelashes!
SE: eyelid crusting, redness, swelling, pain
PREG C
Latanaprost
Name the medication: -anti-Parkinson dz agent Used for: monotherapy in Parkinson's dz Poor penetration into CNS b/c of peripheral metabolism to dopamine, tolerance & sensitization results over time: “on/off” phenomenon of incr. dyskinesias, & rigidity, alternating w/ normal movement DO NOT give w/ B6 - it reverses effects C/I: lactation PREG C
Levodopa-Carbidopa
Name the medication:
-contraceptive, progestin IUD menorrhagia; pregnancy prevention
PREG X
Levonoregestrel IUD
Name the medication:
-thyroid hormone, tetraiodothyronine/T4 hypothyroidism
PREG A
Levothyroxine
Name the medication:
-anti-HTN, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE)
HTN, heart failure, post MI (reduction of mortality), diabetic neuropathy
SE: dry COUGH
Potentially fatal: severe hypotension, angioedema
PREG D -2nd and 3rd trimester, lactation
Lisinopril
Name the medication:
Used for mania
-mood stabilizer, anti-manic agent bipolar affective d/o
SPECIAL considerations: monitor serum levels - severe toxicity above 2.5MEq/L
PREG D
Lithium
Name the medication:
OTC anit-diarrheal, opioid analogue mild to mod. diarrhea, chronic diarrhea caused by IBD, decr. volume of ileostomy drainage
C/I: known gut infxn, fever, pseudomembranous colitis
PREG C
Loperamide
Name the medication:
-histamine h1-receptor antagonist NON-SEDATING
seasonal allergies, chronic idiopathic urticaria
SE: HA
PREG B
Loratadine
Name the medication:
-antihelmintic, ascariasis, hookworm infxns, tapeworms, hookworms, whipworms
C/I: pregnancy, infants & kids < 2yo
PREG C
Mebendazole
Name the medication:
-progestin, hormone
-synthetic contraception, endometriosis
PREG X
Medroxyprogesterone
Name the medication:
- sedative
- disturbed biorhythms
- sleep d/o
Melatonin
How many doses in a series for Meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined?
Who receives this vaccine?
Single dose at 11-12 years, then booster at 16 years
Name the medication:
-antiDM2 agent
CI: DM1
PREG B
Metformin
Name the medication:
-analgesic, opioid detoxification adjunct
analgesia, opioid dependence, heroin detox
Schedule II
C/I: acute resp. depression, risk paralytic ileus
PREG C
Methadone
Name the medication:
-skeletal muscle relaxant, ANS agent
Used for: tetanus, painful muscle spasms w/ MSK conditions
PREG C
Methocarbamol
Name the medication:
-Antineoplastic agent, FOLIC ACID anatagonist
choriocarcinoma, trophoblastic tumors, LEUKEMIAS, CA of head, breast, neck, lung, severe psoriasis, RA, mycosis fungoides
PREG X and lactation
Methotrexate
Name the medication:
Psychomotor agitation, severe paranoia, psychosis d/t augmented dopamine neurotransmission
SE: restlessness, loss of creativity, dysphoric mood, rebound fatigue, addiction, loss of appetite/WT loss, irritability, erectile dysfunction; HTN, tachyarrhythmia, Tourette’s syndrome, seizure, psychotic d/o, sudden death -piperidine derivative ADHD, narcolepsy
SCHEDULE II
PREG C
Methylphenidate
Name the medication:
-masks sxs of pain when combo w/ heat or cold, counter irritant for rheumatic conditions, painful muscles or joints TOPICAL
Methyl salicylate
Name the medication:
-antiemetic, dopamine antagonist
Used for :N&V assoc w/ chemo or radiotherpy; GERD
SE: extrapyramidal, dystonia, tardive dyskinsia - often IRREVERSIBLE
PREG B
Metoclopramide
Name the medication:
-antiprotozoal, amoebiasis, balantidiasis, trichomoniasis, Giardiasis, BV, H. pylori, rosacea, anaerobic bacteria; infxns, tetanus
C/I: 1st trimester of pregnancy, lactation
PREG B
Metronidazole
Name the medication: -prostaglandin analogue Used for: ulceration (duodenal, gastric; NSAID induced), prophylaxis for NSAID induced ulceration TERMINATION of intrauterine pregnancy used alone or w/ methotrexate, induction of labor in women w/ unfavorable cervices SE: diarrhea, abdominal pain PREG X
Misoprostol
How many doses are in the MMR vaccine series?
Who receives the vaccine?
2 dose series
CHILDREN
Name the medication:
-CNS stimulant, nonamphetamine CNS stimulant
to improve wakefulness in pts w excessive daytime sleepiness assoc w/ narcolepsy, obstx sleep apnea, shift work d/o
SE: dizziness, insomnia, agitation, rhinitis; cardiac
arrhythmia, HTN, psychosis; serious rash, incl. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
PREG C
Modafinil
Name the medication:
Main player in asthma treatment!
Used for: Decr. # of inflammatory cells in airways, Decr. damage to airway epithelium, reduce vascular permeability
Suppressive, not curative, strong nasal/oral corticosteroid inflam., hyperkeratotic dermatosis
PREG C
Mometasone
Name the medication:
Inhibit binding of LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
Used to: produce immediate, small improvement in lung fxn, reduce freq. of exacerbations, improve asthma control
Useful in aspirin exacerbated resp. dz, (aspirin-sensitive asthma), asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, allergic rhinitis
PREG B
Montelukast sodium
Name the medication:
-opioid analgesic, mod to severe pain, cough, analgesia during labor
Schedule II
C/I: respiratory depression, paralytic ileus
PREG C
Morphine
Name the medication:
-topical antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor
Used for: impetigo caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, eradication of nasal colonization by Staph aureus, infx traumatic skin lesions
C/I: burn victims - esp. w/ extensive burns
PREG B
Mupirocin
Name the medication:
-narcotic drug that reverses effects of other narcotic meds
PREG C
Naloxone
Name the medication:
Used to reverse life-threatening adverse effects of
opioid use, specif. resp. depression
Used for detox of opioid-addicted individuals
NDs use low-dose (3mg vs. 50mg) for various indications, such as auto-immune issues, neurological issues
C/I: pt concurrently dependent on opioids
PREG C
Naltrexone
Name the medication:
-NSAID
Used for pain, RA, OA, ankylosing spondylitis, migraine, dysmenorrhea
PREG C
Naproxen
Name the medication: -smoking cessation agent, cholinergic smoking cessation NOT TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION w/ smoking C/I: children PREG D
Nicotine
Name the medication:
-antibacterial, 5-nitrofuran
Used for: cystitis & uncomplicated UTIs,
primarily against common E. coli
SE: brownish discoloration of urine
PREG B but C/I weeks 38-40 of pregnancy and during labor and delivery and lactation
Nitrofurantoin
Name the medication: -antianginal agent, nitrate vasodilator prevention of angina pectoris d/t coronary artery dz, acute tx heart fail MUST be d/c 8-12 hours daily SE: HA C/I: -recent use sildenafil PREG C
Nitroglycerin
Name the medication:
-contraception, progestin + estrogen contraception
PREG X
Norgestimate
Name the medication:
-antifungal agent
Topical - cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infxns caused by Candida albicans
PREG oral - C
Nystatin
Name the medication:
-antiviral
prevention & tx of influenza A & B; active against type A H3N2 and type B strains, but resistant to type A H1N1 strain
PREG C
Oseltamivir
Name the medication:
-narcotic analgesic, opioid agonist analgesia
C/I: risk of paralytic ileus, lactation, kids < 18yo, acute resp. depression
Schedule II
PREG D
Oxycodone
Name the medication:
-decongestant, sympathomimetic nasal congestion; conjunctival decongestant as eye drop
FREQ. use may cause rebound congestion
PREG C
Oxymetazoline
Name the medication:
-uterine stimulant
Used for: postpartum hemorrhage, induction of labor, incomplete or inevitable abortion
PREG X
Oxytocin
Name the medication: -microtubule disruptor Used for: lung, ovarian, breast, head and neck CA, Kaposi's sarcoma C/I: lactation PREG D
Paclitaxel
Name the medication:
-chelates Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, promotes their removal in urine, decr. IgM rheumatoid factor levels, Wilson’s dz, copper toxicosis, cystinuria, RA, mercury poisoning, lead poisoning
Penicillamine
Name the medication:
Narrow spectrum—useful against: Gram+ organisms, Broken down by β-lactamases
Used for: dental abscesses, recurrent rheumatic fever, recurrent strep cellulitis in lymphedema;
SE: hypersensitivity rxn (ALL β-lactams) incl.
anaphylaxis; seizures, rash, acute interstitial nephritis
PREG B
Penicillin
Name the medication:
-hematologic agent peripheral artery dz
PREG C
Pentoxyfylline
Name the medication:
-pediculicide infestation w/ Sarcoptes scabei - scabies
PREG B
Permethrin and Permethrin cream
Name the medication:
-antidepressant, monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
atypical depression
Used after: other anti-depressants have failed in “atypical,” “nonendogenous,” or “neurotic” pts. These pts often have mixed anxiety & depression & phobic or hypochondriacal features
PREG C
Phenelzine
Name the medication:
Local analgesic to urinary mucosal lining
Used for: urinary pain, burning, urgency, freq., useful along w/ antibiotic for UTI, post in-dwelling catheter, first line of tx for interstitial cystitis (IC)
SE: turns urine deep orange color & may discolor contact lenses!
PREG B
Phenoazopyridine
Name the medication:
-anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative- hypnotic
Used for: partial seizures, emergency mgmt acute seizures, pre-op sedation
Schedule II
PREG D
Phenobarbitals
Name the medication:
-WT loss agent/ appetite suppressant, sympathomimetic
short term use to treat mod to severe obesity
C/I: lactation
PREG X
Phentermine
Name the medication:
-decongestant, sympathomimetic, alpha adrenergic agonist
nasal congestion, mydriasis as an eyedropper
SE: Ophthalmic solutions may liberate pigment granules from iris
PREG C
Phenylephrine
Name the medication:
Used for focal & secondary generalized (tonic-clonic)
seizures, neuralgias, cardiac glycoside induced arrhythmias
SE: ataxia, nystagmus, incoordination, confusion, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, facial coarsening, BP lability, suicidal behavior; agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
PREG D
Phenytoin
How many doses in the series for Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
4 doses
CHILDREN
How many doses in the series for the Polio vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
4 doses
CHILDREN
Name the medication:
Bind to/activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors (D2 & D3)
Less freq. dosing than levodopa
SE: excessive sedation/somnolence, vivid dreams/dream d/o, hallucinations, asthenia, amnesia; dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension
C/I: lactation - shuts down lactation
PREG C
Pramipexole
Name the medication:
-adrenal glucocorticoid, corticosteroid acute asthma, giant cell arteritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, RA, allergies, SLE
PREG C
Prednisone
Name the medication:
precursor of steroid hormones memory enhancement
Pregnenolone
Name the medication:
-antiemetic
severe N&V; psychosis for the symptomatic mgmt of psychotic d/o, short term mgmt of nonpsychotic anxiety in pts w/ generalized anxiety d/o
BLACK BOX incr. mortality in elderly pts w/ dementia related psychosis
TARDIVE KINESIA is poss. w/ long- term use & may be irreversible (involuntary dyskinetic, repetitive movements > in women)
PREG C
Prochlorperazine
Name the medication:
-hormone
Used for: amenorrhea, dysfxn uterine bleeding, contraception, PMS
C/I: pregnancy
Progesterone
Name the medication:
Non-selective (mixed: β-1, β-2, β-3: GI tract, uterus,
vascular smooth muscle, lungs, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue)
Used for: angina, HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, acute MI, cardiomyopathy, migraine prophylaxis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, essential tremor, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism
SE: mood depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia,
C/I: asthma
PREG C
Propranolol
Name the medication: -antithyroid agent Used for: hyperthyroidism SE: rash, itching, hives, abN skin pigmentation PREG D
Propylthiouracil
Name the medication:
-decongestant, alpha adrenergic agonist nasal congestion
SE: rebound congestion & rhinorrhea
PREG C
Pseudoephrine
Name the medication:
Antagonist in uterine & breast tissue, partial agonist in bone Used for: prevention and tx of osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women, reduction in risk of invasive BCA in postmenopausal women w/ osteoporosis;
SE: incr. risk of DVT, PE, death from stroke; flu-like symptoms, hot flashes, infection, sinusitis
Warnings: INCR. RISK OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND DEATH FROM STROKE
PREG X
Raloxifene
Name the medication:
-anti-ulcer agent, histmine-2 antagonist inhibits gastric acid & secretion PUD, dyspepsia, stress ulcer prophylaxis, GERD
SE: HA
PREG B
Ranitidine
Name the medication:
- active immunity against rotavirus
- gastroenteritis live
- attenuated vaccine
RGE vaccine
Name the medication:
Used for schizophrenia, mania, irritability in autism, atypical antipsychotic drug schizophrenia & other psychotic d/o
SE: anticholinergic s/sx, sedation, WT gain; mild
extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive
dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia, dysglycemia; incr. suicide risk
WARNING: incr. mortality in elderly pts w/ dementia-related psychosis
C/I: lactation
PREG C
Risperidone
Name the medication:
Used for s/sx control only in mild-moderate, dementia assoc. w/ Parkinson’s dz
cholinesterase inhibitor
SE: diarrhea, N&V, cramps, anorexia, vivid dreams
PREG B
Rivastigmine
Name the medication: -thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemic agent DM2 -CAN be used w/ metformin CI: DM1 PREG C
Rosiglitazone
Name the medication:
-increases cAMP levels, smooth muscle relaxes and bronchodilation (long acting beta2 effects)
*prophylatic tx of asthma (works best when used with inhaled corticosteroids); nocturnal asthma, COPD
PREG C
Salmeterol
Name the medication:
-antihHTN, peripheral vasodilator
Used for: erectile dysfxn
PREG B
Sildenafil
Name the medication:
-antibacterial - both Gram (+) and (-) prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatrum; chlamydia; severe burns to prevent infxn
PREG C
Silver nitrate
Name the medication: -saline laxative - phosphoric acid salt -For complete bowel evacuation for colonoscopy, natural cathartic laxative, constipation, Caution in kids 2-11 and elderly PREG C
sodium phosphate
enema
Name the medication:
-K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist, distal convoluted tubule - incr. Na & H2O excretion, decr. K excretion
Used for: primary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, essential HTN, severe heart fail, hirsutism
PREG C
Spironolactone
Name the medication:
-antiulcer agent, pepsin inhibitor forms ulcer-adherent proteinaceous exudate complex “ulcer band-aid” duodenal ulcer, stress ulcer
SE: constipation
PREG B
Sucralfate
Name the medication:
Immunomodulatory or anti-inflam
Uses: UC
C/I: pts w/ intestinal or urinary obstxn, porphyria, aspirin sensitivities, sulfa sensitivities
SE: GI distress, HA, N&V, oligospermia, anorexia, fever
PREG B
Sulfasalazine
Name the medication:
Used for: migraine relief
Potent vasoconstrictors (migraine etiology is believed to be precipitated by cerebral vasodilation w/ subsequent activation of small pain fibers)
C/I: most CVD, IBD, HTN, MAOI, hepatic impairment
PREG C
Sumatriptan
Name the medication:
Preferential expression of α1a receptors, BPH hypertrophy agent
Used for: BPH, hepatic impairment, renal impairment; ureter stone expulsion
SE: skin rash, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, resp. s/sx
C/I: lactation
PREG B
Tamsulosin
Name the medication:
-antifungal agent, allylamine drug fungal cell death dermatophytosis/fingernail infxns - require 6 wks therapy
PREG B
Terbinafine
Name the medication:
-hormone, anabolic on muscles, stimulates sebaceous gland growth, secondary sex characteristics, incr. bone density, stimulate erythropoietin pdtn, may be protective against autoimmune dz
*AIDS wasting, anorchia, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, surreptitiously by athletes, andropause, gender identity dysphoria, female-to-male transexuals
PREG X
Testosterone
Name the medication:
-bronchodilator, antimuscarinic, anticholinergic maintenance tx in COPD
PREG C
Tiotropium bromide
Name the medication:
-urinary antispasmodic, cholinergic blocking/anticholinergic
urinary incontinence, typical anticholinergic
SE: tachycardia, dry mouth & eyes, HA, dizziness, blurred vision, abdominal pain
C/I: uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma
PREG C
Tolterodine
Name the medication:
Used for MDD (high dose) & insomnia OFF label (low dose)
SE: sweating, WT change, dyspepsia, dizziness, somnolence, blurred vision; priapism, seizure, worsening of depression
PREG C
Trazadone
Name the medication:
-antibacterial, sulfonamide, folate antagonist
UTI, OM, chlamydial infxns, Shigella enteritis, pneumonia caused by Pneumoncystis jiroveci (carinii)
C/I: sulfonamide allergy, infants <2 months, pregancny (3rd trimester), lactation
Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Name the medication:
Topical for minor cuts, scrapes, burns
PREG C
Triple antibiotic ( neomycin, polymyxin B & bacitracin)
Name the medication:
PPD skin test
DX inject intradermally, result read 48-72 hrs. (+) 10mm induration
Tuberculin purified protein derivative
Name the medication:
Antiviral
Used for: Herpes zoster (shingles), genital herpes, prophylaxis of herpes simples infxns; prophylaxis of cytomegaloviral infxns in immunocompromised pts
PREG B
Valacyclovir
Name the medication:
anti-HTN, angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB)
Used for: HTN, heart fail, may combo w/ or substituted for ACE inhibitor
May increase serum K
PREG D
Valsartan
Name the medication:
Antineoplastic agent, MITOTIC inhibitor Hodgkins dz, testicular CA, myelosuppression, alopecia
PREG D & lactation
Vinblastine
Name the medication:
Anticoagulant
Used for: tx & prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism
PREG X
Warfarin
Name the medication: Antiretroviral agent HIV infxn, prophylaxis HIV infxn C/I: lactation PREG C
Zidovudine
Name the medication:
Used to induce sleep
SE: unpleasant bitter or metallic taste, aggressive behavior, confusion, agitation, auditory & visual hallucinations, worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts, depersonalization, amnesia; perform complex natural behaviors while asleep; nervousness; easily angered or annoyed; anxiety; loss of one’s own sense of reality or identity
-If a person does not sleep immediately or if they get up shortly after taking the med they may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that are not there), as well as problems w/ coordination & memory.
PREG C
Zolpidem
Name the medication:
Used for: Prevention of further gouty attacks, prevention & tx of hyperuricemia, prevention of uric acid nephropathy during CA chemo
SE: GI upset, maculopapular rash, acute gout attack
C/I: EtOH may inc. uric acid levels
Allopurinol
Name the medication:
Used for: Schizophrenia, bipolar d/o, adjunctive for MDD, irritability assoc. w/ autistic d/o
SE: insomnia, somnolence, suicidal thoughts, seizures, constipation, Wt gain
Substrate of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, dyslipidemia,
dysglycemia; compulsive urges; incr. suicide risk
C/I: CV dz, cerebrovascular dz,
WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients w/
dementia-related psychosis & Hx of seizures
PREG C
Aripiprazole
Name the medication: Used for: Acne SE: skin dryness, peeling, erythema, contact dermatitis, photosensitivity C/I: Hypersensitivity PREG C
Benzoyl peroxide
Name the medication: Used for: moderate plaque psoriasis SE: burning, itching, skin irritation, C/I: hypersensitivity, use on face, hypercalcemia, evidence of VIt D toxicity PREG C
Calcipotriol
Name the medication:
Used for: SGLT- for DM2 (lowers renal glucose threshold)
SE: female genital mycotic INFXN, inc. urination, male genital mycotic INFXN, vulvovaginal pruritus, thirst
-May inc. risk of dehydration
-2-fold inc risk of lower limb amputation in pt’s w/ CVD
C/I: Severe renal impairment, ESRD, pts on dialysis
Canagliflozin
Name the medication:
Cephalosporin antibiotic
Used for: febrile neutropenia, UTI, uncomplicated skin infxn,
Susceptible organisms: bacteroides spp, enterobacter spp, E.coli, H. influenza, Klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas, staph aureus, strep pyogenes
Can harm kidneys
Cefepime
Name the medication:
3rd generation cephalosporin
Used for: intra-abdominal infxns, acute bacterial OM, prosthetic joint infxn, uncomplicated gonococcal infxn
C/I: calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate
Ceftriaxone
Name the medication:
Cephalosporin
Used for: community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, skin infxn (incl. MRSA)
Caution: C-diff assoc. diarrhea and poss. drug-induced hemolytic anemia
Ceftaroline
Name the medication:
Cephalosporin
Used for bone & joint infxn (staph aureus), COPD (acute exacerbations), Lower resp. tract infxn, early Lyme dz, acute OM, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, septicemia, sinusitis, skin infxn, UTI
Warning/precaution: elevated INR, superinfection (C. diff)
Cefuroxime
Name the medication:
Macrolide antibiotic - works by stopping the growth of bacteria
Used for: bacterial infxns like pneumonia & bronchitis
Clarithromycin
Name the medication:
Anti-inflam, anti-emetic, long-acting corticosteroid
Dexamethasone
Name the medication:
Used for: MDD, short-term tx of GAD, OCD, & eating d/o
DO NOT misc w/ other CNS drugs (may have additive effect), fatal reaction w/ MAOIs, mixing w/ other SSRIs inc. risk of serotonin syndrome. May inc. bradycardia w/ beta blockers
SE: sexual dysfxn, GI distress vasospasm, sweating, somnolence, anxiety; serotonin syndrome may precipitate mania; worsening of depression to the point of suicide
C/I: Hx of suicide ideation, mania, seizure d/o, renal/hepatic impairment
PREG C
Escitalopram
Name the medication:
Hormone that can treat hot flashes & other s/sx of menopause or low estrogen. After menopause it can prevent osteoporosis. It can also tx advanced breast & prostate CA.
Estrogens, conjugated
Name the medication:
Incr. glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decr. inappropriate glucagon secretion, incr. B-cell growth/replication, slows gastric emptying, & decr. food intake
Used as adjunct to diet/exercise in chronic WT management
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Name the medication:
Uses: schizophrenia, tics, Tourette’s
SE: cardiovascular (sudden death, QT-prolongation, and Torsades de Pointes), tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant synd.
WARNING: Incr. mortality in elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis
C/I: Parkinson’s dz
Haloperidol
Name the medication:
Used for: Anticoagulant tx in prophylaxis & tx of venous thrombosis; low-dose regimen for prevention of postoperative DVT & PE in pts undergoing major abdomino-thoracic surgery or at risk of developing thromboembolic dz; prophylaxis & tx of PE; Afib w/ embolization; Tx acute & chronic consumptive coagulopathies (disseminated intravascular coagulation); prevention of clotting in
arterial & cardiac surgery; prophylaxis & tx of peripheral arterial embolism
C/I: severe thrombocytopenia, when INR or PT cannot be performed at routine intervals, uncontrolled bleeding states
PREG C
Heparin
Name the medication: Act on µ-opioid receptors Class II controlled substance Used for mod. to severe pain SE: not feeling well, constipation, depression, hallucinations, HA, trouble breathing, stomach cramps, heart palpitations PREG C
Hydrocodone
Name the medication:
Basal level of insulin
Structurally similar to endogenous insulin; zinc ions provide stability; recombinant DNA technology
For use in insulin dependent DM
SE: injection site rxn, lipodystrophy; hypoglycemia
PREG B
Insulin (-glargine)
Name the medication:
Very fast acting
Structurally similar to endogenous insulin; zinc ions provide stability; recombinant DNA technology
For use in insulin dependent DM
SE: injection site rxn, lipodystrophy; hypoglycemia
PREG B
Insulin (-lispro)
Name the medication:
Use: relapsing forms of MS
Warnings: hyper/hypothyroidism, bone marrow suppression, flu-like s/sx, severe hepatic injury, severe injection site injury, neuropsychiatric manifestations, thrombotic microangiopathy
PREG C
Interferon beta 1
Name the medication:
Atropine derivative
Capsule for inhalation; used for long-term maintenance of bronchospasm associated w/ COPD (bronchitis/emphysema)
SE: tachycardia, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
PREG C
Ipratropium bromide
Name the medication: Used specifically for all types of TB. Must be used as polypharmacy for active TB; usually given in combo: rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide SE: severe, sometimes fatal hepatitis Depletes Vit B6 PREG C
Isoniazid
Name the medication:
Used for: hypothyroidism that demonstrates intolerance to T4, replacement tx or no improvement on T4 replacement tx. Also for Myxedema coma and “Wilson’s syndrome”
MOA: Replaces T3
Liothyronine
Name the medication:
Long acting analog of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Used to: incr. glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decr.
inappropriate glucagon secretion, incr. B-cell growth/replication, slows gastric emptying, & decr. food intake
Used as adjunct to diet & exercise in chronic WT
management
Liraglutide
Name the medication:
Elemental iodine and K+ iodide
Used in hypothyroidism & TSH pituitary suppression
SE: are typically s/sxs of hyperthyroidism
C/I: pts w/ un-tx subclinical (suppressed serum TSH level w/ normal T3 & T4 levels) or overt thyrotoxicosis of any etiology & in pts w/ acute MI Levothyroxine is C/I in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency.
PREG A
Lugol Solution
Name the medication:
Used for: arthritis, SLE, psoriasis, UC, allergic d/o, gland (endocrine) d/o, & conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells
C/I: fungal INFXN
SE: Hypokalemia
Methylprednisolone
Name the medication:
Partial opioid agonists (µ-receptor) & partial opioid antagonists (κ-receptor)
Used to: reverse life-threatening adverse effects of opioid use, specifically resp. depression, for detox of opioid-addicted individuals reduction of illicit drug use & NDs use low-dose (3mg vs. 50mg) for various indications, such as auto-immune issues, neurological issues
PREG C
Naltrexone
Name the medication:
Oral combo contraception pills
Used for: prevention of pregnancy (Everything else is off-label!)
BLACK BOX WARNING: stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BCA, possible dementia
C/I: smokers over 35y/o, assoc. w/ increase in GB dz
PREG X
Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol
Norelgestimate/ ethinyl estradiol
Name the medication:
Used for: prevention of N&V from chemo, radiation, or surgery
SE: confusion, dizziness, fever, HA, SOB, weakness; decrease freq. of urination, decrease urine volume,
difficulty w/ passing urine (dribbling), painful urination; arm, back, or jaw pain; chest pain or discomfort, chest tightness or heaviness, convulsions, cough, decreased urine, dyspnea, dysphagia, dry mouth, fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse, increased thirst, loss of appetite, loss of
bladder control
C/I: concomitant use w/ apomorphine
PREG B
Ondansetron
Name the medication:
Adjunct to diet/exercise to improve glycemic control in
adults w/ DM2
Insulin sensitizers: enhance action of insulin at target tissues, synthetic ligands for transcription factor PPARγ, which affects adipose cell differentiation & lipid metabolism; fatty acid uptake & storage in adipose rather than skeletal muscle or liver
Major SE: bladder CA & heart fail
BLACK BOX WARNING: may cause or worsen heart fail
C/I: DMI/with exogenous insulin or pt w/ class III or class IV heart fail
Caution in patients w/ edema
Drug interactions: CYP2C8 Inhibitors & Inducers
PREG C
Pioglitazone
Name the medication:
Very narrow therapeutic window
Used in hypokalemia d/t digitalis intoxication, familial
periodic paralysis, diuretic use, cardiac arrhythmias
SE: hyperkalemia (contraindication), GI irritation & bleeding
PREG C
Potassium chloride
Name the medication:
Which screening should be done annually to test for TB?
PPD Skin Test
Name the medication:
Inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel
Originally marketed for use in epilepsy, then neuropathic pain, then anger management, bipolar d/o, fibromyalgia, migraines, menopausal s/sx.
Approved for use in epilepsy, post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury
SE: dizziness, fatigue, WT gain, drowsiness, edema; mild-to-mod. mood swings, hostility, concentration problems, & hyperactivity (in children 3-12y), suicidal behavior; hepatotoxicity, worsening of renal impairment, adenocarcinomas, pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas
PREG C
Pregabalin
Name the medication:
Monocarboxylic acid agent
Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
Specifically used to tx TB
Used concomitantly w/ other anti-TB meds
Other uses include: leprosy, brucellosis, Legionnaire’s dx,
tx of asx carriers of Neisseria meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx, but is NOT
indicated for the tx of meningococcal infection because of the possibility of the rapid emergence of resistant
organisms.)
SE: liver dysfxn
PREG C
Rifampin
Name the medication:
Used for: seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, dandruff, tinea versicolor
PREG C
Selenium sulfide
Name the medication:
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor
Prolongs active incretin levels for glucose regulation
Used for: DM2; “Dietary considerations: individualized medical nutrition therapy (MNT) based on ADA recommendations is an integral part of therapy.”
SE: Anxiety, blurred vision, chills, cold sweats, confusion, cool, pale skin, depression, dizziness, fast heartbeat, HA, incr. hunger, LOC, nausea, nightmares, seizures, shakiness, slurred speech, unusual tiredness or weakness
PREG B
Sitagliptin
Name the medication:
Inhibitors of folate metabolism; competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, preventing synthesis of folic acid in bacteria!stops bacterial growth: bacteriostatic
Typically administered together for synergistic
effect and to combat drug resistance
PREG C
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
Name the medication:
Competes w/ estradiol for estrogen receptor proteins
Used for: metastatic BCA, adjuvant tx of BCA,
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), reduction of BCA incidence in high risk women
BLACK BOX Warnings: uterine malignancies, stroke, PE
PREG D
Tamoxifen
How many doses of DTap are given?
Who receives DTap vaccines?
4 dose series
Given to CHILDREN
Name the medication:
(Glitazones) - decr. insulin resistance
Liver fxn tests should be performed initiating tx w/ a Glitazone, rechecked at 1 month & repeated again in 3
months, to assess for any rise in ALT.
Thiazolidinedione (TDZ)
Name the medication:
Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor -DMARD
BLACK BOX WARNING: may inc. risk of serious & sometimes fatal infxn; future CA (lymphoma and others)
Used for: RA refractive to methotrexate
MAY use w/ steroids, NSAIDs, other DMARDs;
DO NOT use w/ biologic DMARDs or cytokine
inhibitors
Tofacitinib
Name the medication:
Used in HER-2 positive BCA (adjuvant;
metastatic breast or gastric CA)
MoA: binds to extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER-2); it mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting proliferation of cells which overexpress HER-2 protein
BLACK BOX WARNINGS: serious heart problems,
injection site problems, lung problems, all of
which can be fatal; fetal harm
PREG D
Trastuzumab
Name the medication:
Corticosteroid
Used for: Asthma, COPD
Not indicated to tx an acute asthma attack once it has already begun.
MOA: Diminishes inflam. of bronchial wall . Affects gene transcription & alters protein production.
SE: Thrush, sore throat, nosebleeds, incr. coughing, HA, runny nose
Triamcinolone
Name the medication:
Thyroid hormone (T4 & T3 as well as T2 & T1) obtained from porcine thyroid gland tissue
Used for: Hypothyroidism
MOA: Replaces both T4 & T3
USP thyroid
Name the medication:
Used to help stop smoking
-Partial nicotine agonist (α4 β2 nicotinic receptor agonist) WARNINGS: CNS depression, nausea, neuropsychiatric events: depression, suicidal thoughts, suicide, somnabulism: can involve harmful behavior to self, others, and/or property, CV events, seizures
Varenicline
How many doses in the Varicella vaccine series?
Who receives this vaccine?
2 doses 1st: 12-15 months old 2nd: 4-6 years old Ages 13 years and older, 2 doses, 28 days or more apart
Name the medication:
Used for: MDD
C/I: recent or current MAOI use
SE: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children,
adolescents & young adults; hepatotoxicity;
orthostatic hypotension; serotonin syndrome; abN bleeding severe skin rxn; activation of mania/hypomania; angle-closure glaucoma; seizures; hyponatremia; urinary hesitation & retention
PREG C
Venlafaxine
How many doses in the Zoster vaccine recombinant, adjuvanted series?
Who receives this vaccine?
Single dose
ADULTS (50 years or older)
Name the medication:
Used mainly as a mucolytic agent & in management
of acetaminophen OD
Acts to augment the glutathione reserves in body &
together w/ glutathione, directly bind to toxic metabolites which serves to protect hepatocytes from NAPQI toxicity.
Acetylcysteine
Name the medication:
Paralysis/death of worm
Used for nematode infxn (pinworm, common roundworm, whipworm, common & American hookworm), cysticercosis, echinococcosis
SE: GI distress, HA; agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, acute renal fail
PREG C
Albendazole
Name the medication:
Uses: Erectile dysfxn d/t neurogenic, vasculogenic, psychogenic, or mixed etiology
Another use is in neonates born w/ heart defects that need surgical correction.
IV use of this drug may be used to maintain patent ductus arteriosus until surgical correction can be done (pulmonary atresia, pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, interruption of the aortic arch, coarctation of
the aorta, or transposition of the great vessels w/ or w/out other defects)
SE: curving of penis, pain, priapism, testicular swelling/pain
PREG X
Alprostadil
Name the medication:
Useful against Gram-positive AND Gram-negative, amino penicillins (positive charge enhances diffusion)
Used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae & meningitidis, E. coli & H. influenzae; Listeria meningitis, uncomplicated ENT infxn, prevent endocarditis (dental), part of combo tx for H. Pylori
SE: non-urticarial rash, N&V, diarrhea
PREG B
Amoxicillin/clavulante
or Ampicillin
Name the medication:
Highly reinforcing: profound sense of well-being, energy, optimism, psychomotor agitation, severe paranoia, psychosis due to augmented dopamine neurotransmission
SE: restlessness, dysphoric mood, rebound fatigue,
addiction, loss of appetite/WT loss, irritability, erectile dysfunction; HTN, tachyarrhythmia, Tourette’s syndrome, seizure, psychotic disorder, sudden death
WARNING: SUICIDAL IDEATION IN CHILDREN &
ADOLESCENTS
PREG C
Atomoxetine
Name the medication:
Uses: spasticity of MS, spinal cord injury, rheumatic disorders.
NOT indicated for stroke, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s dz
TAPER off if discontinuing (hallucinations/seizures)
SE: drowsiness, asthenia, dizziness, HA, nausea
PREG C
Baclofen
Name the medication:
Main player in asthma treatment!
Incr. transcription of genes coding for β-2 receptor &
anti-inflam proteins (IL-10, 12, 1Ra)
Decr. transcription of genes coding for many pro-
inflam. proteins (IL-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 15, TNFα,
GM-CSF, SCF, endothelial adhesion molecules, chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX, phospholipase A2, endothelin-1, NK1-2 receptor)
PREG C
Beclomethasone
Name the medication:
Chemically related to procaine
Anesthetizes stretch receptors in resp. tract, reducing cough reflex at source
Warnings: psychiatric changes, accidental overdose by children
PREG C
Benzonatate
Name the medication:
Structurally similar to atropine and diphenhydramine
Useful in parkinsonism; extrapyramidal d/o caused by neuroleptic drugs (i.e. phenothiazines)
Pregnancy category not classifed
Benztropine
Name the medication:
Structurally related to acetylcholine; parasympathomimetic
Used for: acute post-op & postpartum non-obstrx urinary retention; neurogenic atony of urinary bladder w/ retention
PREG C
Bethanechol
Name the medication:
Used in combo w/ LH-RH analogue for tx of Stage D2 metastatic carcinoma of the prostate
SE: hepatitis, gynecomastia, breast pain, reduction in glucose tolerance
C/I: women
PREG X
Bicalutamide
Name the medication:
Used: overactive bladder w/w-out neurologic condition (i.e. MS), chronic migraine, upper/lower limb spasticity, cervical dystonia, primary axillary hyperhidrosis, blepharospasm/strabismus
WARNINGS: distant spread of toxin effect (hours to weeks later)
SE: asthenia, generalized muscle weakness, diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, dysphonia, dysarthria, urinary incontinence, swallowing and breathing difficulties, death
PREG C
Botulinum toxin
Name the medication:
Main player in asthma treatment!
Incr. transcription of genes coding for β-2 receptor &
anti-inflam proteins (IL-10, 12, 1Ra)
Decr. transcription of genes coding for many pro-inflam. proteins (IL-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 15, TNFα, GM-CSF, SCF, endothelial adhesion molecules, chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX, phospholipase A2, endothelin-1, NK1-2 receptor)
PREG B
Budesonide - oral
Name the medication:
Used for: local or regional anesthesia by infiltration
techniques or topically
WARNING: to be used only by clinicians trained in procedure AND emergency care should something go awry
PREG B
Bupivacaine
Name the medication:
These are partial opioid agonists (µ-receptor) and partial opioid antagonists (κ-receptor)
Used for detox of opioid-addicted individuals, reduction of illicit drug use
PREG C
Buprenorphine
Name the medication:
Incr. deposition of Ca2+ and phosphate in bone
Binds to a specific receptor on the osteoclasts, inhibiting osteoclastic activity. Dec resorption of both Ca2+ and phosphate in the proximal tubules
Pulled from a hormone produced by C cells in the thyroid gland of salmon
Used to tx post-menopausal (5 years post) osteoporosis, hypercalcemia and Paget’s dz
Calcitonin
What is the dosing for Cholera vaccine?
Who can receive this vaccine?
Doses given orally, 1 to 6 weeks apart, no later than 2 weeks before travel
Children 2 years of age through adulthood
Name the medication:
Used for: Mets testicular & ovarian tumors, & advanced bladder CA
BLACK BOX WARNINGS: cumulative renal toxicity; myelosuppression, N&V, ototoxicity; anaphylactic-like rxn, can be tx’d w/ Epi, antihistamines, steroids
C/I: hearing impaired, myelosuppressed
PREG D
Cisplatin
Name the medication:
Corticosteroid
Used to tx skin conditions such as eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, & psoriasis.
Use should be short term and only if other weaker corticosteroids are not effective
Clobetasol propionate
Name the medication:
Uses: tx of ovulatory dysfxn in women desiring pregnancy after impediments to achieving pregnancy have been excluded or adequately tx’d
Best outcomes seen in women w/ PCOS, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, psychogenic amenorrhea, post-OCP amenorrhea, & certain cases of secondary amenorrhea of undetermined etiology.
Warnings: potential for ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome
& hepatic dysfxn.
PREG X
Clomiphene
Name the medication:
Uses: tx-resistant schizophrenia, suicide risk reduction
SE: anticholinergic symptoms, sedation, WT gain; mild
extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive
dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia,
dysglycemia
WARNING: incr. mortality in elderly patients w/
dementia-related psychosis; SEVERE NEUTROPENIA;
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, BRADYCARDIA, AND SYNCOPE; SEIZURE; MYOCARDITIS AND CARDIOMYOPATHY
Must get baseline absolute neutrophil count before initiating therapy & routinely afterwards. Ramp up/taper down dosing
PREG B
Clozapine
Name the medication:
Used for: DM2 (NIDDM) in conjunction w/ diet/exercise, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia
C/I: Hx of bowel obstrxn, TG > 500, hx of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis
SE: GI complaints
PREG B
Colesevelam
Name the medication:
Inhibits release of histamine
Uses: diarrhea, flushing, HA, N&V, urticaria, abdominal pain, & itching d/t mastocytosis
Warning: decrease dose in pts w/ renal or hepatic dysfxn
PREG B
Cromolyn sodium
Name the medication:
Uses: lymphomas, leukemias, multiple myelomas, advanced Mycosis fungoides, disseminated neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the ovary, retinoblastoma, BCA; biopsy proven “Minimal Change” nephrotic syndrome in children (when steroids fail)
C/I: severely depressed bone marrow
SE: second malignancies, fetal harm, hemorrhagic cystitis,
cardiac toxicity, infxn (impaired immune system
functioning)
PREG D
Cyclophosphamide
Name the medication:
Oral dosage forms used as immunosuppressant to decr. transplant rejections (kidney, liver, heart); also used in RA with or when MTX fails and recalcitrant plaque psoriasis
Eye drop is used for chronically dry eyes
C/I: in RA patients with abN renal fxn, malignancies, or uncontrolled HTN; psoriasis, tx w/ immunosuppressants, PUVA, UVB, coal tar, or radiation previously.
PREG C
Cyclosporine (Ophthalmic)
Name the medication:
Pro-drug; specific, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor
that inhibits both free & fibrin-bound thrombin. Inhibits
coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects,
incl. cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers,
activation of factors V, VIII, XI, and XIII, and inhibition of
thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
Used for: tx & prevention of DVT/PE, nonvalvular AF, post-op (hip replacement surgery) thromboprophylaxis
PREG C
Dabigatran
Name the medication:
MoA: affinity for nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL), which osteoblasts secrete, which triggers osteoclastic activity.
Calcium & Vit D dependent
SE: dermatitis, eczema, skin rash; serious infxn, hypercholesterolemia.
PREG X
Denosumab
Name the medication:
Topical NSAID analgesic
Diclofenac - gel
Name the medication:
Potent dilator of coronary arteries
Useful in tx HTN, certain cardiac arrhythmias (type IV anti-arrhythmic), some forms of angina (Prinzmetal)
C/I in sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, hypotension, acute MI + pulmonary congestion
PREG C
Diltiazem
Name the medication:
Has direct effect on circular smooth muscle of the bowel; may incr. segmentation/prolong transit time
C/I: in pseudomembranous enterocolitis or enterotoxin-producing bacteria (better out than in!)
SE: Bloating, constipation, loss of appetite, stomach pain (severe) w/ N&V
PREG C
Diphenoxylate/atropine
Name the medication:
Competitively binds to α1 receptors, dec. norepi activity. This results in dec. vascular resistance systemically
Used for HTN, BPH
Side effects: syncope (first dose effect), priapism
PREG C
Doxazosin
Name the medication:
Used for prevention of pregnancy. (Everything else is off-label!)
BLACK BOX warning: stroke, MI, PE, DVT; BCA, poss. dementia
C/I: in smokers, particularly over 35 years; assoc. w/ incr. in GB dz
PREG X
Drospirenone/ethinyl esradiol
Name the medication: Used for : MDD, GAD, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, chronic MSK pain SE: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors CI: recent or current MAOI use PREG C
Duloxetine
Name the medication:
Used for: prophylaxis & tx of DVT, prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina & non-Q-wave MI, tx of acute ST-segment elevation Ml
C/I: active major bleeding, known hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products
Increased risk of hemorrhage - Routine INR/PT considered unnecessary
WARNING: spinal and epidural hematomas
PREG B
Enoxaparin
Name the medication:
Antiviral
Used to tx liver infxn caused by hepatitis B virus. This medicine will NOT cure the hepatitis B virus, but it will keep it from reproducing and causing more liver damage.
Caution w/ liver or kidney dz
Entecavir
Name the medication:
Uses: superficial ocular infxn involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by organisms susceptible to this drug
SE: Eye irritation
PREG B
Erythromycin
Name the medication:
Used for: insomnia
MOA: Potentiation of GABA effect on chloride ion channels by binding to a specific receptor site not involved w/ the binding of benzodiazepines.
SE: Impaired mentation prior to sedation.
Eszopiclone
Name the medication:
Uses: Rheumatoid, juvenile rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis
Warnings: incr. risk of developing serious & sometimes fatal infxn
Etanercept
Name the medication:
Used for: hyperlipidemia, including homozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and homozygous sitosterolemia
C/I: active liver disease, pregnant/nursing
PREG C
Ezetimibe
Name the medication: Act on µ-opioid receptors All are class II controlled substances Used for moderate to severe pain PREG C
Fentanyl
Name the medication:
Uses: MS relapsing forms
CI: MI, unstable angina, stroke, TIAs, decomp heart fail.
Mobitz Type II second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block or sick sinus syndrome (unless patient has a functioning pacemaker); baseline QTc interval ≥500 msec; concurrent use of a class Ia or III antiarrhythmic
SE: HA, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased liver
enzymes, flu, back pain, cough, sinusitis, hypertension, AV block, depression, dizziness, migraine, increased triglycerides, bronchitis, HSV
PREG C
Fingolimod
Name the medication:
Class Ic
-Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT) or paroxysmal atrial fib/flutter (PAF) w/ disabling symptoms or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
PREG C
Flecainide
Name the medication:
Used to tx conditions in which the body does not produce enough of its own steroids, such as Addison’s dz, & salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome.
PREG C
Fludrocortisone
Name the medication:
Used to tx inflam & itching caused by a number of skin conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, & psoriasis.
Fluocinonide
Name the medication:
Aminoglycoside antibiotic
Used for: conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, acute meibomianitis, & dacryocystitis, caused by susceptible strains
PREG C
Gentamicin drops
Name the medication:
Used for relapsing-remitting MS
Warnings: hypersensitivity rxn, immediate post-
injection rxn, chest pain, lipoatrophy & skin
necrosis, “interference with useful immune function”
PREG B
Glatiramer acetate
Name the medication:
For rescue of hypoglycemia
Recombinant DNA technology; IV, IM, or SQ administration C/I in pheochromocytoma
Glucagon
Name the medication:
Used to cause ovulation & tx infertility in women,
incr. sperm count in men, assist in testicular dropping
into scrotum in young boys
SE: ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome
PREG X
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
Name the medication:
Peripheral vasodilation thru direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle by altering cellular calcium metabolism
Used for: HTN
C/I: CAD, mitral valvular, rheumatic heart dz
Nutrient depletions: vitamin B6
PREG C
Hydralazine
Name the medication:
Inhibits acetylcholine in periphery
Uses: adjunctive therapy for peptic ulcers, neurogenic bladder/bowel and/or IBS; to control gastric secretion, visceral spasm and hypermotility in spastic colitis, spastic
bladder, cystitis, pylorospasm, and assoc. abdominal cramps; “drying agent” in acute rhinitis; poisoning by anticholinesterase agents; in parkinsonism to reduce rigidity and tremors and to control associated sialorrhea and hyperhidrosis
SE: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, tachycardia, palpitations,mydriasis, inc. ocular tension, loss of taste, HA, nervousness, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, N&V, impotence, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, allergic reactions
C/I: glaucoma, obstructive pathologies (bladder, bowel), severe UC, myasthenia gravis
Not approved by FDA
PREG C
Hyoscyamine
Name the medication:
Used for: actinic keratosis, EXTERNAL genital warts
SE: local inflammation, flu-like symptoms
NOT to be used in immune-compromised patients or children with molluscum contagiosum (ineffective)
PREG C
Imiquimod
Name the medication:
NSAID often used for symptom control of gout
Used for: Gout, arthritis, bursitis, migraine HA, hemicrania, pain and swelling.
SE: bleeding, gastritis, PUD, may exacerbate HTN or CHF. Use w/ caution in pts w/ preexisting renal and/or liver dz.
Avoid use in patients with hx of asthma and nasal or sinus polyps.
Indomethacin
Name the medication:
Directed against TNF-α (TNF blocker)
Increased risk of serious infections: disseminated or
extrapulmonary TB, invasive fungal infections
(Aspergillus, Histoplasma), Hep B reactivation,
opportunistic infections
Increased risk of lymphoma, demyelinating disease,
heart failure, pancytopenia
Outside the risk of serious infections, these agents have very little in the way of adverse side effects—patient feel good on these!
PREG B
Infliximab
Name the medication:
Inhibit action of angiotensin II at its receptor (No action on Bradykinin)
Used for HTN, nephropathy in DM2 pt’s
SE: HA, hyperkalemia, angioedema, rhabdomyolysis
PREG D
Irbesartan
Name the medication:
Act on vascular smooth muscle and/or adjacent vascular
endothelium to dec. vascular tone
-Reduce contractility of actin-myosin complexes in vascular smooth muscle cells
For prophylaxis use in angina
SE: HA
C/I w/ concomitant use of cGMP PDE-5 inhibitors
PREG C
Isosorbide mononitrate
Name the medication:
Used for Strongyloidiasis of the intestinal tract (limited to
this particular stage); Onchocerciasis infection (tissue
microfilariae, not adult form)
MoA: bind to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels
Warnings: may cause cutaneous and/or systemic reactions
of varying severity (the Mazzotti reaction) and
ophthalmological reactions in pts w/ onchocerciasis,
probably d/t allergic/inflammatory response to dead
parasites
Ivermectin
Name the medication:
Inhibit fungal 14a-sterol demethylase destabilization of fungal membrane fungistatic
Inhibit P450 enzymes (many drug-drug interactions)
PREG C for vaginal use; otherwise, category D
Ketoconazole
Name the medication:
NSAID
Used for the short-term treatment of mod to severe pain in adults. It is usually used before or after medical procedures or after surgery.
Should NOT be used for mild or long-term painful conditions (such as arthritis).
Ketorolac
Name the medication:
Uses: Epilepsy, Bipolar I (to prolong time btwn mood changes)
SE: Serious skin rashes; multi-organ hypersensitivity reactions and organ; blood dyscrasias; suicidal behavior and ideation; aseptic meningitis; withdrawal seizures; status epilepticus; sudden unexplained death in epilepsy
PREG C
Lamotrigine
Name the medication:
Initially, stimulatory; continuous dosing results in suppression of ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis
Used for palliative tx of advanced prostatic CA; tx of
premature development of secondary sexual characteristics in children; (endometriosis and uterine fibroids)
SE: arthropathy, asthenia, decreased testicular size, depression, dermatological reaction, edema, GI dz, HA, hot flash, inc. lactate dehydrogenase, pain, urination
d/o, vaginitis, diaphoresis, and emotional lability, respiratory tract dz, abN hepatic function tests, dehydration, dizziness, dyspnea, edema, impotence, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, increased serum
aspartate aminotransferase, neuromuscular disease, paresthesia, prolonged partial thromboplastin
PREG X
Leuprolide
Name the medication:
DNA synthesis inhibitor Fluoroquinolones: Inhibit topoisomerases
Subvert bacterial type II topoisomerases, stabilizing incomplete DNA, Bactericidal at therapeutic doses
Used for: common UG, GI, respiratory infections caused by
Gram-negative microbes (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. jejuni, P.
aeruginosa, N. gonorrhoeae, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Sheigella)
SE: N&V, diarrhea; cartilage damage, tendon
rupture, peripheral neuropathy; increased intracranial pressure, seizure, severe hypersensitivity reaction; prolongs Q-T interval
Pregnancy category C
Levofloxacin
Name the medication:
Class Ib
Ventricular arrhythmias Alternative (last resort) option anti-arrhythmic and anti-epileptic (status epilepticus)
Amide local anesthetic (Works both topical and injection)
Pregnancy category B
Lidocaine
Name the medication:
Inhibit action of angiotensin II at its receptor (No action on Bradykinin) Less effect on vasodilation and fewer side effects (cough, angioedema)
Used for HTN, HTN in pts w/ left ventricular hypertrophy, nephropathy in DM2
Not for black pts
SE: Hyperkalemia, HA, angioedma, rhabdomyolysis
Pregnancy category D
Losartan
Name the medication:
Uses: dizziness, nausea, vomiting associated with motion;
Warnings: not to be used in patients with obstructions (BPH, bladder-neck, pyloroduodenal, narrow angle glaucoma)
CI: premature infants, neonates, nursing mothers
Pregnancy category B
Meclizine - OTC
Name the medication: Used for: anorexia or cachexia of AIDS SE: diarrhea, flatulence, N&V, HTN, impotence, decreased libido, asthenia, rash, insomnia, anemia, fever, hyperglycemia (diabetes, Cushing’s disease), pain; breast and pituitary tumors (benign and malignant) C/I: pregnant women Pregnancy category X
Megestrol acetate
Name the medication:
NSAID: Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1 and 2) enzymes, which results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors; has antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties
Used for: Pain or inflammation caused by RA and OA in adults and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children who are at least 2 years old.
Can increase your risk of fatal heart attack or stroke
Meloxicam
Name the medication:
Modest effect in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s
Acts on glutamatergic system, blocks NMDA-type glutamate receptors (glutamatergic
exicitotoxicity)
Also used in dementia with Lewy bodies
SE: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, HA, insomnia, agitation, hallucinations; vomiting, anxiety, hypertonia, cystitis, increased libido.
Memantine
Name the medication:
5-amino salicylate immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory.
Uses: ulcerative colitis, IBD
C/I: patients with intestinal or urinary obstructions, porphyria,
aspirin sensitivities, sulfa sensitivities
SE: gastric distress, headache, nausea, oligospermia, vomiting, anorexia, fever
Pregnancy category B
Mesalazine
Name the medication:
Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone
Used for: hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease or toxic multinodular goiter) for whom surgery or radioactive iodine therapy is not an appropriate treatment option; symptom control in preparation for thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy
SE: rash, arthralgias; life-threatening hepatotoxicity, agranulocytosis, vasculitis, hypoprothrombinemia
Pregnancy category D
Methimazole
Name the medication:
Selective (β-1: heart, kidneys, brain), neg. inotropy, neg. lusitropy, neg. chronotropy, neg. dromotropy. Smooth muscle relaxation or mild vasodilation in the periphery
Used for: HTN, angina, acute MI,
SE: depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia
C/I: Asthma, COPD, Sinus bradycardia, partial AV block, sick sinus syndrome, severe hepatic impairment Caution in DM
Metoprolol
Name the medication:
Protein synthesis inhibitor: Tetracyclines
Concentrate selectively in bacterial cells
Reversible binding; broad spectrum » Interact with calcium and cause tooth/bone abnormalities; photosensitivity; kidney toxicity, GI distress; prolongs Q-T interval
C/I: children under age 8 years
Pregnancy category D
Minocycline
Name the medication:
Tetracyclic
Use: Major depressive disorder WARNING: clinical worsening & suicide risk
Pregnancy category C
Mirtazapine
Name the medication:
Anti-bacterials with anti-inflammatory (steroid) Used for “swimmer’s ear”; superficial bacterial infections of the external auditory canal; infections of mastoidectomy and fenestration cavities
Warning: can cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss (cochlear damage, destruction of hair cells in organ of Corti)
Neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone
Name the medication:
NSAID drug
Use: pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery
SE: increased bleeding time, delayed healing, corneal effects (thinning, erosion, ulceration, perforation); don’t use while wearing contact lenses
Pregnancy category C
Nepafenac
Name the medication:
Used alone or in combination with ethinyl estradiol for
combination oral contraceptive and menopausal agent
Pregnancy category X
Norethindrone
Name the medication:
Used for flushing and diarrhea associated with certain cancers; inhibits
growth hormone (useful in acromegaly)
SE: blurred vision, constipation, depressed mood, dizziness, dry mouth, dry skin and hair, fainting, fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat, feeling cold, flushed, dry skin, fruit-like breath odor, hair loss, hoarseness, increased hunger, increased thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps and stiffness, severe stomach pain w/ N&V, sweating, troubled breathing, unexplained weight loss, unusual tiredness or weakness, Wt gain
Pregnancy category B
Octreotide
Name the medication:
Used for ocular itching assoc. w/ allergic conjunctivitis
SE: cold, pharyngitis; blurred vision, burning or stinging, conjunctivitis, dry eye, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, hypersensitivity, keratitis, lid edema, pain and ocular pruritus
Pregnancy category C
Olopatadine - ophthalamic
Name the medication:
Used for: bladder instability (urgency, frequency,
urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria) » SE: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth,
pruritus, urinary retention
C/I: narrow-angle glaucoma, gastric/urinary retention
Pregnancy category B
Oxybutynin
Name the medication:
PPI: suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump
Used to tx erosive esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, but not for the immediate relief of heartburn symptoms.
Can cause kidney problems
Pantoprazole
Name the medication:
Used for: MDD, social anxiety disorder, OCD, panic disorder,
GAD
SE: sexual dysfunction, GI distress, constipation. vasospasm, sweating, somnolence, anxiety; serotonin
syndrome, may precipitate mania; worsening of depression to the point of suicide
Pregnancy category C
Paroxetine
Name the medication:
Reduces pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension; management of acute closed-angle
glaucoma; induction of miosis
SE: poor vision in low light, retinal detachment, iritis, paradoxical increase in intra-ocular pressure in children with primary congenital glaucoma
Pregnancy category C
Pilocarpine
Name the medication:
Oral steroid
Used to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, allergic disorders, gland (endocrine) disorders, and conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells.
C/I: fungal infection anywhere in your body.
Prednisolone
Name the medication:
Used for: spinal anesthesia; NO TOPICAL EFFECT
effect
C/I: generalized septicemia, sepsis at injection site, meningitis, syphilis
WARNING: to be used only by clinicians trained in procedure AND emergency care
should something go awry Pregnancy category C
Procaine
Name the medication:
Classical anti-psychotic category, but slightly different structure; very
similar profile to 1st generation H1-blockers; available IM, PO and as rectal suppositories
Labeled uses: severe nausea/vomiting (both); schizophrenia; rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatographism, sedation, motion sickness, post-op pain (promethazine)
WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (CV or infectious)
C/I: children under age 2 years (concern of fatal respiratory depression);
asthma
SE: extra-pyramidal, sedation, pseudo-Parkinson’s
Pregnancy category C
Promethazine/ Prochlorperazine
Name the medication:
Used for schizophrenia, mania, schizophrenia, mania/mixed episodes in bipolar I, adjunct for
MDD, Tourette’s,
SE: anticholinergic symptoms, sedation, weight gain; mild
extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive
dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia, dysglycemia; increased suicide risk
WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients with
dementia-related psychosis Pregnancy category C
Quetiapine
Name the medication:
Bradykinin causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Used for HTN, treatment of heart failure after MI
Side effect: Cough, angioedema, acute renal failure (first dose),
hyperkalemia
C/I: pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis
Pregnancy category D
Ramipril
Name the medication:
Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Used for: Hepatic encephalopathy; IBS w/ diarrhea; traveler’s diarrhea
Off-label: recurrent C. diff infection; hepatic encephalopathy
Rifaximin
Name the medication:
Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation via direct, selective and reversible inhibition of factor Xa (FXa) in both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways
Used for: tx and prophylaxis of DVT, nonvalvular AF, tx of PE, reduction of risk in recurrent DVT and/or PE
Pregnancy category C
Rivaroxaban
Name the medication:
Labeled uses: N&V d/t motion sickness, certain types of muscle problems (eg, some Parkinson-like conditions,
certain muscle spasm problems) and certain stomach or intestinal problems (eg,
irritable colon syndrome), post surgery
SE: drowsiness and xerostomia
C/I: angle closure glaucoma
Pregnancy category C
Scopolamine
Name the medication:
Used for: seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, dandruff,
tinea versicolor
MoA unknown but appears to have cytostatic effect on cells of the epidermis and follicular epithelium, reducing
corneocyte production » Rx is 2.5% solution; OtC is 1%
Pregnancy category C
Selenium disulfide
Name the medication:
Used for: hyperlipidemia, adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)
“Adjunct to diet” for the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides,
apo-B, and increase HDL
M/b used in combo w/ other cholesterol reducers
Largest effect occurs w/ the starting dose
Metabolized primarily in the liver (CYP450), depletes CoQ-10
SE: Neuropathy; rhabdomyolysis; Memory loss, blood sugar irregularities
C/I: in acute liver disease
Pregnancy category X
Simvastatin
Name the medication:
Used: bladder instability (urgency, frequency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria) » SE: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth,
pruritus, urinary retention
C/I: narrow-angle glaucoma, gastric/urinary retention
Pregnancy category C
Solifenacin
Name the medication:
Recombinant DNA growth hormone; assists growth of linear bone, skeletal muscle, and organs by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipolysis, protein synthesis, and hepatic glucose output; stimulates
erythropoietin which increases red blood cell mass; exerts both insulin-like and diabetogenic effects; enhances the transmucosal transport of water, electrolytes, and nutrients across the gut
Used for: growth failure in pediatrics; growth hormone deficiency in adults; cachexia of HIV; short bowel syndrome in patients receiving specialized nutritional support
SE: upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, arthropathy, HA, hypoesthesia, increased serum glucose, limb pain, myalgia, paresthesia, and peripheral edema; fatigue, fluid retention, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, insomnia, joint stiffness, joint swelling, nausea, and anasarca (extreme
generalized edema)
Pregnancy category C
Somatropin
Name the medication:
Bacteriostatic sulfonamide
Uses: conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections
Pregnancy category C
Also used topically (different formulation) for
acne and seborrheic dermatitis
Sulfacetamide
Name the medication:
Uses: prophylaxis of rejection in organ transplants (kidney, liver, heart)
WARNINGS: malignancies and serious infections
Other SE: new onset diabetes, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity,
HTN, hyperkalemia, myocardial hypertrophy, GI perforation Pregnancy category C
Tacrolimus
Name the medication:
Competitively binds to α1 receptors, dec. norepi activity. This results in dec. vascular resistance systemically. There are many such receptors also in the prostate (stroma and capsule), as well as the urinary bladder neck
Used for HTN, BPH
Side effects: syncope (first dose effect), priapism, asthenia
Pregnancy category C
Terazosin
Name the medication:
Immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic
characteristics; immunologic effects may
vary based on conditions
Uses: leprosy; multiple myeloma (in conjunction with dexamethasone)
Pregnancy category X
(SERIOUS precautions are taken to ensure women do not become pregnant while on this medication, and men taking it do not get a woman pregnant)
Thalidomide
Name the medication:
Labeled uses: elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or
open-angle glaucoma » CI: bronchial asthma, COPD, sinus bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree AV
block, overt cardiac failure
Warning: systemic absorption (SE same as with oral beta-blockers)
Pregnancy category C
Timolol
Name the medication:
Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist (centrally acting); presumably reduces spasticity by
increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons
SE: hypotension, sedation, risk of liver injury, hallucinations, interactions w/ CYP1A2 inhibitors (ciprofloxacin)
Pregnancy category C
Tizanidine
Name the medication:
Uses: epilepsy, migraines
SE: Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle Closure; Visual Field Defects; Oligohidrosis and Hyperthermia; Metabolic Acidosis; Suicidal Behavior and Ideation;
Cognitive/Neuropsychiatric Adverse Reactions; Fetal
Toxicity; Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP); Hyperammonemia and Encephalopathy (w/ and w/out Concomitant Valproic Acid [VPA]
Use; Kidney Stones; Hypothermia w/ concomitant VPA use; paresthesia
Pregnancy category D
Topiramate
Name the medication:
Act on µ-opioid receptors
Class II controlled substances Used for moderate to severe pain
SE: Periods of not breathing; trouble breathing, constipation
migraines
Pregnancy category C
Tramadol
Name the medication:
Synthetic vitamin A acid (retinoic acid)
Labeled use: topical treatment for acne vulgaris
Warning: highly flammable!
Pregnancy category C
Tretinoin
Name the medication: Used in edema. Off-label use: HTN in children/adolescents and anti-HTN diuretic induced hypokalemia. Used primarily in combo (used alone, much less effective in reducing hypertension) SE: Hyperkalemia Depletes: Folic acid and zinc
Triamterene
Name the medication: Gallstone solubilizing agent Used for: primary biliary cirrhosis SE: back pain, arthralgia, alopecia, arthritis, pharyngitis C/I: biliary obstruction Pregnancy category B
Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodiol)
Name the medication:
Uses: epilepsy, mania, migraine SE: Hepatic failure; Birth defects; Decreased IQ following in utero exposure; Pancreatitis;
Hyper-ammonemic encephalopathy; Suicidal
behavior and ideation; Bleeding and other hematopoietic disorders; Hypothermia Drug
Reaction w/ Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions; Somnolence in the elderly
Valproate (Divaloproex)
Name the medication:
Antibiotic
Prevents transfer of cell wall precursors from bacterial plasma membrane to the cell wall thus causing bacterial death d/t interrupted cell wall synthesis.
Normally given IV. PO has poor absorption but this trait makes it an excellent agent in the treatment of C. difficile colitis
Vancomycin
Name the medication:
Act on vascular smooth muscle & myocardium. Potent dilator of coronary arteries
Useful in treating HTN, certain cardiac arrhythmias
(type IV anti-arrhythmic), some forms of angina (Prinzmetal)
C/I in sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, hypotension, acute MI + pulmonary congestion
Depletes: Vitamin E
Pregnancy category C
Verapamil
Name the medication:
Stimulates production (via the liver) of active prothrombin (factor II), proconvertin, (factor VII), plasma thromboplastin component (factor IX), and Stuart factor (factor
X)
Used for: anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives; prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the
newborn; hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy; hypoprothrombinemia (secondary), obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac
disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis; other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the
result is due to interference with vitamin K metabolism, e.g., salicylates.
WARNINGS: fatalities have occurred during/after IV/IM use—even 1st dose
Pregnancy category C
Vitamin K
Name the medication:
H2 blockers - bind reversibly
Uses: short-term (4-8 weeks) use for active duodenal & gastric ulcers;
maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcers (5 years); erosive GERD (up to 12 weeks);
pathological hyper-secretory conditions » Absorbed from small intestine; excreted through kidneys and liver
SE: diarrhea, HA, muscle pain, constipation, fatigue; IV-confusion, hallucinations
-Pregnancy category
Cimetidine
Name the medication:
Second generation anti-histamines
SE: very little dry mouth or drowsiness; less lipophilic prolonged QT intervals leading to ventricular arrhythmias
Block histamine release from the mast cells; useful for seasonal allergic rhinitis (H1 blockers) » Inverse agonists—bind/stabilize inactive conformation of H1 receptor
Inhibitors of P450 enzymes
Pregnancy category B
Fexofenadine
and
Cetirizine
Name the medication:
Block parietal cell hydrogen/potassium ATP-ase (proton pump); covalent bond, irreversible; parietal cell must make new molecules (takes about 18 hrs)!
For tx H. pylori, short-term tx of duodenal and gastric ulcers (4-8 weeks); maintenance of healed duodenal ulcers (12 months); GERD (8 weeks); allow NSAID use in patient w/ peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Metabolized by liver (CYP2C19), excreted by kidneys
SE: HA, nausea, disturbed bowel function, abdominal pain, increased risk of hip fracture
Increased gastrin release (no inhibition by gastric acid) induce hyperplasia of ECL cells (enterochromaffin-like cells) tumors; rebound hypersecretion when drug is stopped
Hospital use: increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia, C. difficile infection, enteric infections (Salmonella, E. coli)
Pregnancy category C
Lansoprazole
Name the medication:
Block parietal cell hydrogen/potassium ATP-ase (proton pump); covalent bond, irreversible;
-Used for: H. pylori, short-term tx of duodenal/gastric ulcers (4-8 weeks);
maintenance of healed duodenal ulcers (12 months); GERD (8 weeks); allow NSAID use in patient w/ peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
SE: HA, nausea, disturbed bowel function, abdominal pain, increased risk of hip
fracture
Hospital use: increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia, C. difficile infection, enteric infections (Salmonella, E. coli)
Pregnancy category C
Omeprazole
Name the medication: Long-acting β-2 agonist 12-24 hour duration of action Must be used in conjunction with steroid to reduce inflammation & risk of asthma exacerbation Prolongs Q-T interval Pregnancy category C
(Fluticasone) + Salmeterol
Who receives the Tdap vaccine?
ADULTS
How many doses in the series for Rotavirus Gastroenteritis vaccine?
Who receives this vaccine?
3 dose series
CHILDREN
