Pharmacology - Quick Review Flashcards by Lynda Donnelly-Crites

Name the medication:
-Antineoplastic, antimetabolite (S phase cell cycle)
-Oral: paliative tx carcinoma 
-Topical: superficial BCC
Preg D &amp; lactation

5-Fluorouracil

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Name the medication:
-analgesic/antipyretic
Act CENTRALLY only
-*3 grams with alcohol will shut down the liver 
MAX DOSE: 4grams/daily
PREG C

Acetominophen

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Name the medication:
-antiviral (doesn’t kill it, just stops multiplication)
-Herpes simplex infxns, genital herpes, herpes zoster infxns (shingles and chicken pos/varicella)
PREG B

Acyclovir

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Name the medication:
-antirheumatic, immunomodulator tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker RA, anklylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s dz, plaque psoriasis
C/I: pregnancy, lactation, active TB, severe infxn

Adalimumab

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Name the medication:
-bronchodilator, anti-asthmatic, beta 2 adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic)
-acute bronchospasm
PREG C

Albuterol

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Name the medication:
-bone resorption inhibitor
-TX and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; inc. bone mass in men w/ osteoporosis, Paget’s dz
SE: Esophageal erosion; osteonecrosis of the jaw, cessation of bone remodeling
-PTs MUST REMAIN UPRIGHT for at least 30 minutes
C/I: in hypocalcemia
PREG C

Alendronate

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Name the medication:
Used in anxiety & panic d/o, alcohol withdrawal, as muscle relaxants
SE: ataxia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue
CI: concomitant use w/ opioids Tolerance & dependence issues w/ this class
PREG D
Wastes melatonin

Alprazolam

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Name the medication:
-antiviral, antiparkinsonian (used to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesias late in the dz)
-weak dopamine agonist, inhibits replication of influenza type A virus influenza A, prophylaxis of influenza A, Herpes zoster in immunocompromised pts., Parkinson’s dz
SE: may exacerbate mental illness in pts w/ psych dz or substance abuse problems; insomnia, dizzy, hallucinations,
agitation, orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, dyspepsia; neuroleptic malignant
syndrome
C/I - pregnancy, lactation

Amantadine

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Name the medication:
-antiarrhythmic agent
-ventricular arrhythmias including recurrent ventricular fibrillation & recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia
SE: pulmonary toxicities (potentially fatal), hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism d/t structural similarity to thyroxine, abn inc. in hepatic enzymes, blue-grey coloring of skin, photosensitivity
PREG D

Amiodarone

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Name the medication:
-tricyclic antidepressant
-mood depression, chronic pain
-SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: avoid concurrent use w/ MAOIs (discontinue 2 weeks before) &amp; SSRIs (discontinue fluoxetine 5 weeks) -  worsening depression
w/ suicidal ideology 
PREG C

Amitriptyline

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Name the medication:
Predominantly arteriolar dilator (PERIPHERY)
-calcium channel blocker
-HTN, Prinzmetal’s angina, stable angina
SE: edema
DO NOT give to pts w/ CHF, causes emotional problems w/ use in elderly women
C/I in sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, hypotension, acute MI + pulmonary congestion
Depletes: Potassium, Vit D
PREG C

Amlodipine

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Name the medication:
-beta lactam antibiotic, broad spectrum penicillin
-*infxns of ear, nose, throat, gu tract, skin, lower resp tract - Streptococcus ( a- and b- hemolytic strains). Strep pneumoniae, Staph species, H. influenaz, E. coli, Neisseria gonorrhea
C/I allergy penicillins, cephalosporins
PREG B

Amoxicillin

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Name the medication:
-antineoplastic agent, AROMATASE inhibitor,
-BCA
PREG X

Anastrozole

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Name the medication:
-nonopioid analgesis, antipyretic, antiplatelet prophylaxis MI; juvenile RA; mild to mod pain & fever; pain and inflam. assoc w/ MSK & joint d/o
-POTENTIALLY FATAL: gastric erosion, ulceration & bleeding, occasionally fatal exacerbation of airway obstrxn in asthma; Reye’s syndrome (kids <12yo) Hepatotoxicity; CNS depression = coma; CV collapse & resp failure; paroxysmal bronchospasm & dyspnea
C/I: lactation
PREG D

Aspirin

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Name the medication:
Selective (β-1: heart, kidneys, brain), sympatholytic
Used for: Angina, HTN, post MI
SE: tiredness, depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia
C/I: Asthma, COPD
Use caution w/DM
Depletes: CoQ-10, Melatonin, Chromium
PREG D

Atenolol

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Name the medication:
-lipid lowering agent
-HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
adjunct to diet in primary hypercholesterolemia & mixed dyslipidemia
SE: HA, chest pain, peripheral edema
-Decr. serum CoQ10, Vit B12 Incr. risk of rhabdomyolysis w/ fibrates
PREG X & lactation

Atorvastatin

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Name the medication:
-antiarrhythmic, anticholinergic, bradycardia, organophosphorus poisoning mainly muscarinic activity; better at reversing exogenous, cholinergic activity; competitive blockade; parasympatholytic
Used for: parkinsonism, GI spams, uterine hypertonicity, biliary spasms, uretered colic, bronchial spasms, decr. tone of detrusor muscle, hyperemotionality in patients w/ brain lesions, peptic ulcer, rhinorrhea, overdose of
anticholinesterase (insecticide poisoning), bradycardia
(acute), antidote for mushroom poisoning (Inocybe genus);
pre-op to decrease salivation/mucus secretion
C/I in glaucoma, tachycardia, asthma, BPH
PREG C

Atropine

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Name the medication:
-macrolide antibiotic
Used for: resp. tract infxns (OM, sinusitis) caused by streptococci, pneumococci, H. influenza, Legionella, single dose tx for chlamydial urethritis, chancroid, Mycobacterium avium complex infxns
SAFE in pregnancy

Azythromycin

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Name the medication:
-stimulant laxative
-bowel evacuation before colonoscopy or surgery; acute constipation; constipation d/t opioid use (in combo w ducosate)
-Do not give antacids or milk w/in 1 hour of taking the drug (enteric coated)
PREG B

Bisacodyl

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Name the medication:
-antacid, antidiarrheal agent
nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea
Impedes growth of H.pylori
Biofilm disruptor
SE: black tongue or black tarry stools
C/I: lactation
PREG C,D,

Bismuth subsalicylate

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Name the medication:
-antiparkinsonian, dopamine agonist hyperprolactinemia, prolactin-secreting adenomas, early Parkinsonian synd, acromegaly
SE: nausea, orthostatic hypotension, HA, vomiting;
worsening of liver problems; pulmonary fibrosis
Preg B, DO NOT use in lactation

Bromocriptine

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Name the medication:
-antidepressant, smoking cessation aid, serotonin antagonist & reuptake inhibitor (SARI) depression, smoking cessation
-Fewest sexual effects
-Induces less mania
SE: clinical worsening & suicide risk
C/I: SEIZURES - lowers threshold
PREG C

Bupropion

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Name the medication:
Used for anxiety
Non-sedating, moderately effective, non-addictive
SE: dizziness, confusion, HA, excitement,
blurred vision, hostile feeling/behavior, nervousness; MI/stroke
PREG B

Buspirone

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Name the medication:
-CNS stimulant, xanthine
Used for: migraine
PREG caution

Caffeine

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Name the medication: Hallucinogenic, antiemetic analgesia, antiemetic, appetite stimulant, glaucoma Schedule I

Cannabis

Name the medication: Rubifacient -depletes substance P from nerve endings leading to decr. pain sensation & itching Better for acute pain -OA, RA, myalgia, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuralgia, pruiritic psoriasis, dialysis-related pruritis, phantom limb pain, cluster HA

Capsaicin

Name the medication: anticonvulsant, anti-seizure Used for : trigeminal neuralgia, prophylaxis bipolar I d/o, cranial nerve neuralgia, Bipolar, Zeizures SE: ataxia, nystagmus, incoordination, confusion, hirsutism, facial coarsening, BP lability, suicidal behavior; agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis PREG D

Carbamazepine

``` Name the medication: -skeletal muscle relaxant -painful muscle spasms w/ MSK conditions C/I: lactation PREG D ```

Carisoprodol

Name the medication: Non-selective (mixed: β-1, β-2, β-3: GI tract, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, lungs, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) Dec. sympathetic activity & heart remodeling Used for: HTN, left ventricular dysfunction post-MI, CHF SE: potentiates insulin induced hypoglycemia, depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia C/I insulin dependent diabetes, asthma, COPD PREG C

Carvedilol

``` Name the medication: -beta lactam antibiotic - 3rd generation cephalosporin Used for: H. influenza, H. parainfluenzae, Strep pneumoniae, Strp pyogenes, Staph aureus -SAFE for pregnancy ```

Cefdinir

``` Name the medication: -COX-2 inhibitor OA, RA, dysmenorrhea, pain relief C/I: lactation PREG D ```

Celecoxib

Name the medication: -beta lactam antobiotic - 1st generation cephalosporin Streptococcus, H. influenza, Staph aureus, Proteus mirabillis, E. coli, Klebsiella C/I: hypersensitivity, allergy to penicillin Safe in pregnancy

Cephalexin

Name the medication: -antibacterial agent, fluoroquinolone drug Used for: urinary tract, prostate, intrabdominal (w/ metronidazole), bone or joint & skin infxns; inhalational anthrax; infx diarrhea; OM; chronic sinusitits; chlamydia; gonorrhea SE: assoc. w/ incr. risk of tendonitis & tendon rupture further incr. in older pts (>60yo) PREG C

Ciprofloxacin

Name the medication: -aminosugar antibiotic Infxns caused by streptococci, staphylococci, gram (+) organisms, acne vulgaris; infxns by anaerobes incl. Bacteroides species SE: C. diff superinfxn, pseudomembranous colitis (higher incidence than other abx) PREG B

Clindamycin

Name the medication: Acts at CNS sites to dec. sympathetic outflow to the periphery, resulting in decr. norepi release at sympathetic nerve terminals & decr. vascular smooth muscle contraction -Vasodilation, dec. peripheral resistance -Nerve—Dec. norepi release (pre & postsynaptic neurons) Used to dec. BP; can also be used topically for pain SE: Mental depression, swelling of the feet & lower legs PREG C

Clonidine

Name the medication: -antiplatelet drug prophylaxis of thromboembolic d/o; acute coronary synd. -POTENTIALLY FATAL: bleeding d/o incl. GI & intracranial hemorrhage PREG B

Clopidogrel

Name the medication: - anesthetic - for introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of oral, laryngeal, nasal cavities - Schedule II

Cocaine

``` Name the medication: -opioid analgesic, antitussive mild to mod. pain, cough suppressant, acute diarrhea -Schedule II C/I: resp. depression PREG C, D ```

Codeine

Name the medication: -anti-gout drug SE: diarrhea, N&V, cramping, abdominal pain PREG D

Colchicine

Name the medication: -skeletal muscle relaxant, ANS agent, painful muscle spasms w/ MSK conditions PREG B

Cyclobenzaprine

Name the medication: -immunosuppressant, polypeptide abx prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidny, liver & heart allogenic transplants Occular uses: patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation assoc w/ keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren’s, scleroderma) SE: Eye irritation AVOID use w/ Hypericum perfolatum C/I: lactation PREG C

Cyclosporine

Name the medication: - Iron chelating agent - CI: pregnancy

Deferoxamine

Name the medication: -post. pituitary hormone, vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) DI, nocturnal enuresis, control bleeding in hemophilia & von Willebrand dz PREG B

Desmopressin

Name the medication: Highly reinforcing: profound sense of well-being, energy, optimism, psychomotor agitation, severe paranoia, psychosis d/t augmented dopamine neurotransmission SE: restlessness, dysphoric mood, rebound fatigue, addiction, loss of appetite, Wt loss, irritability, erectile dysfxn; HTN, tachyarrhythmia, Tourette’s syndrome, seizure, psychotic d/o, sudden death SCHEDULE II PREG C

Dextroamphetamine

Name the medication: Opioid antitussive Used to “quiet” cough. Cough suppressants. Decr. reflexive response secondary to irritant or infx agent; acts on cough center in medulla PREG C

Dextromethorphan

Name the medication: -anabolic steroid, Used for: incr. pdtn estrogen & testosterone, decr. pdtn cortisol, Addison's dz, adrenal insufficiency, cognitive disorders, depression, erectile dysfxn, immunostimulant, slowing/reversing aging, SLE, vaginal atrophy (post-menopausal), menopausal hot flashes, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's dz, WT loss

DHEA

Name the medication: Used for: anxiety & panic d/o, EtOH withdrawal, as muscle relaxants, convulsive d/o SE: ataxia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue CI: concomitant use w/ opioids -Tolerance & dependence issues w/ this class Wastes melatonin PREG D

Diazepam

Name the medication: Antispasmotic, anti-cholinergic Block muscarinic receptors on parietal cells, decr. gastric acid secretion Used for IBS SE: dry mouth, blurred vision, cardiac arrhythmias, urinary retention C/I: obstx uropathy, obstrx dz of GI tract, severe UC, reflux esophagitis, unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis PREG B

Dicyclomine

Name the medication: -Bradycardic & inotropic cardiac stimulant, digitalis glycoside positive inotropic activity -Heart fail, supraventricular arrhythmias, CHF, A fib, atrial flutter Depletes calcium, watch potassium levels Narrow therapeutic window SE: yellow vision C/I: V. tach/fib, reduce dose in chronic kidney dz PREG C

Digoxin

Name the medication: Uses: dizziness, N&V assoc. w/ motion; (also has indicated use in parkinsonism; sleep aid; allergic conjunctivitis d/t foods; mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria & angioedema; amelioration of allergic rxn to blood or plasma; dermatographism) Warnings: not to be used in pts w/ obstx (BPH, bladder-neck, pyloroduodenal, narrow angle glaucoma) C/I: premature infants, neonates, nursing mothers PREG B

Diphenhydramine

Name the medication: | chelator of Hg, Au, arsenic

DMPS

Name the medication: | Lead chelation agent

DMSA

Name the medication: -stool softener, laxative prevents constipation; incl constipation d/t opioid analgesics (give stimulant laxative); fecal impaction (give as rectal enema) DO NOT use to soften ear wax w/ inflam or perforation PREG C

Docusate

Name the medication: -Used for s/sx control only in mild-moderate Alzheimer's dz, cholinesterase inhibitor SE: diarrhea, N&V, cramps, anorexia, vivid dreams PREG C

Donepezil

Name the medication: -ANTIBIOTIC antineoplastic -inhibits nucleic acid synthesis AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma, ovarian CA, metastatic BCA PREG D and lactation

Doxorubicin

``` Name the medication: -tetracycline antibiotic Infxn caused by Ricketsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme dz); acne, cholera, gonorrhea & syphillis in peniciliin allergic pts NOT drug of choice for staph infxns C/I: *Kids <8yo, pregnancy, lactation ```

Doxycycline

Name the medication: -chelating agent enhance elimination metals, particularly lead

Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA)

Name the medication: -bronchodilator, mydriatic, sympathomimetic Inhalation use: acute asthma IV or Intramuscular use: anaphylactic shock Eye drops use: ocular HTN, open angle glaucoma PREG C

Epinephrine/adrenaline

Name the medication: -biologic response modifier recombinant human erythropoietin anemia PREG C

Epoetin alfa

Name the medication: -gastric acid secretion inhibitor, PPI, GERD, peptic ulcer dz, H. pylori eradication, prevent GI bleeds w/ NSAID use SE: malabsorption of B12 PREG C

Esomeprazole

Name the medication: -estrogen/progestin combo vulvar & vaginal atrophy in menopause; metastatic BCA; hypoestrogenism; osteoporosis; prostate CA PREG X

Estradiol (E2)

Name the medication: -Naturally occurring estrogen (highest in pregnancy) HRT, infertility d/t cervical hostility; menopausal atrophic vaginitis C/I: pregnancy

Estriol (E3)

Name the medication: -steroidal estrogen, menopausal HRT, prophylaxis of osteoporosis PREG X

Estrone (E1)

Name the medication: -BPH, alopecia agent, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, male pattern baldness C/I: children, pregnant women via direct contact or thru semen of men taking this med PREG X

Finasteride

``` Name the medication: -systemic antifungal, oropharyngeal, esophageal, systemic candidiasis, bone marrow transplant prophylaxis; cryptococcal menigitis, candida UTI, candidal balanitis SE: HA C/I: pregnancy PREG D ```

Fluconazole

Name the medication: Used for: MDD, OCD, bulemia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, fibromyalgia, panic attacks, phobias, PMDD NOTE: if sexual dysfxn is an adverse effect, cyproheptadine is needed to treat that SE: anxiety; serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, myoclonus, rapid fluctuations in mental status & vitals), may precipitate mania; worsening of depression to the point of suicide PREG C

Fluoxetine

Name the medication: -respiratory inhalant, anti-inflam, corticosteroid nasal tx & prophylaxis of allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps -INHALED: asthma prophylaxis, severe asthma, COPD -TOPICALLY: corticoid responsive dermatoses PREG C

Fluticasone

Name the medication: Diuretic that exerts effect in loop of Henle Used in edema (all causes) & HTN, malignant HTN & volume-based HTN in pts w/ advanced chronic kidney dz SE: Tinnitus, loss of hearing (dose-related ototoxicity), electrolyte imbalances, & thirst PREG C

Furosemide

Name the medication: Inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel -Originally marketed for use in epilepsy, then neuropathic pain, then anger management, bipolar d/o, fibromyalgia, migraines, menopausal symptoms. Approved for use in epilepsy, post-herpetic neuralgia; those plus DM peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, SE: dizziness, fatigue, WT gain, drowsiness, edema; mild-to-moderate mood swings, hostility, concentration problems, & hyperactivity (in children 3-12y), suicidal behavior; hepatotoxicity, worsening of renal impairment, adenocarcinomas, pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas Wastes vitamin B6 PREG C

Gabapentin

Name the medication: -antihyperlipidemic -fibric acid derivative To be used in triad of LOW HDL + HIGH LDL + High Triglycerides Causes of secondary hyperlipidemias like hypothyroidism & DM must be treated w/ diet, exercise, Wt loss, before starting tx SE: incr. risk of rhabdomyolysis w/ statins, DVT, SOB, PE, coughing up blood, inc. homocysteine levels C/I: hepatic or severe renal dysfunction, incl. primary biliary cirrhosis; preexisting GB dz Depletes Vit B6 PREG C

Gemfibrozil

Name the medication: -antidiabetic agent, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic DM2 CI: DM1, allergy to sulfonamide drugs PREG C

Glyburide

Name the medication: Loosens/thins mucus, making it easier to cough up Absorbed through GI tract, metabolized in liver, excreted by kidneys -Incr. production of resp. tract fluids -Reduce the thickness, adhesiveness, & surface tension of mucus Best if taken w/ plenty of water PREG C

Guaifenesin

How many doses are given of the Haemophilus influenza type B (HiB) vaccine? Who receives this vaccine? C/I kids < 6wks

3 dose series | CHILDREN

How many doses are given of Hepatitis A Vaccine? | Who receives this vaccine?

2 dose series | CHILDREN

How many doses are given of Hepatitis B Vaccine? | Who receives this vaccine?

3 dose series | CHILDREN

Name the medication: -narcotic for tx of acute pain, MI, acute pulmonary edema, chronic pain SE: addiction Schedule I

Heroin

How many doses are given of HPV Quadrivalent Vaccine? Who receives this vaccine? Which types of HPV are included in the vaccine?

3 dose series ADOLESCENTS types 6, 11, 16,18

Name the medication: Thiazide diuretic incr. excretion of, Na, K, Cl, dec. Ca HTN, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic DI Used for: chronic HTN, African American pts SE: secondary angle-closure glaucoma) upset stomach, N&V diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, cramps, thirst Caution w/ lithium, pts w/ severe renal dz, or pts w/ impaired hepatic fxn C/I: sulfonamides PREG B

Hydrochlorothiazide

Name the medication: -intermediate corticosteroid inflam, acute or chronic adrenal insuffic. PREG C

Hydrocortisone

Name the medication: -antimalarial, antirheumatic, anti- inflam Used for: RA, SLE, prophylaxis of malaria, acute malaria C/I - long term use in kids PREG C

Hydroxychloroquine

Name the medication: -anxiolytic, antihistamine, sedative, hypnotic Used for: short-term mgmt of anxiety, pruritis, chronic urticaria, preoperative sedation, allergies PREG X in 1st trimester, C in 2nd and 3rd

Hydroxyzine

``` Name the medication: -NSAID Used for: pain, inflammation, fever DO NOT COMBINE WITH ASPIRIN PREG C<30 weeks, D>30 weeks ```

Ibuprofen

How many doses are given of Influenza vaccine? | Who receives this vaccine?

One dose, every year | Beginning at 6 months - 49 years

Name the medication: -antidiabetic hormone, pancreatic hormone DM -β-blockers can mask s/sx of hypoglycemia PREG B

Insulin

Name the medication: -antineoplastic, antiviral Used for: chronic hep B & C, genital warts, leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant melanoma POTENTIALLY FATAL: reduces clearance of theophylline C/I: infants PREG C

Interferon - alpha

Name the medication: Used for: cystic acne vulgaris; chemotherapeutic agent—pancreatic CA & neuroblastoma PREG X, lactation (Patient must use 2 forms of contraception while on this agent and the months before & after)

Isotretinoin

Name the medication: Used for: Rapid-acting general anesthetic, NMDA receptor antagonist, date rape drug Psychedelic therapy: the use of the term psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") emphasizes that those who use these drugs as part of a therapeutic practice believe these drugs can facilitate beneficial exploration of the psyche

Ketamine

Name the medication: Prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist; believed to reduce intraocular pressure by incr. outflow of aqueous humor Used in pts w/ open-angle glaucoma or ocular HTN Warning: incr. pigmentation—iris, eyelids, eyelashes! SE: eyelid crusting, redness, swelling, pain PREG C

Latanaprost

``` Name the medication: -anti-Parkinson dz agent Used for: monotherapy in Parkinson's dz Poor penetration into CNS b/c of peripheral metabolism to dopamine, tolerance & sensitization results over time: “on/off” phenomenon of incr. dyskinesias, & rigidity, alternating w/ normal movement DO NOT give w/ B6 - it reverses effects C/I: lactation PREG C ```

Levodopa-Carbidopa

Name the medication: -contraceptive, progestin IUD menorrhagia; pregnancy prevention PREG X

Levonoregestrel IUD

Name the medication: -thyroid hormone, tetraiodothyronine/T4 hypothyroidism PREG A

Levothyroxine

Name the medication: -anti-HTN, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) HTN, heart failure, post MI (reduction of mortality), diabetic neuropathy SE: dry COUGH Potentially fatal: severe hypotension, angioedema PREG D -2nd and 3rd trimester, lactation

Lisinopril

Name the medication: Used for mania -mood stabilizer, anti-manic agent bipolar affective d/o SPECIAL considerations: monitor serum levels - severe toxicity above 2.5MEq/L PREG D

Lithium

Name the medication: OTC anit-diarrheal, opioid analogue mild to mod. diarrhea, chronic diarrhea caused by IBD, decr. volume of ileostomy drainage C/I: known gut infxn, fever, pseudomembranous colitis PREG C

Loperamide

Name the medication: -histamine h1-receptor antagonist NON-SEDATING seasonal allergies, chronic idiopathic urticaria SE: HA PREG B

Loratadine

Name the medication: -antihelmintic, ascariasis, hookworm infxns, tapeworms, hookworms, whipworms C/I: pregnancy, infants & kids < 2yo PREG C

Mebendazole

Name the medication: -progestin, hormone -synthetic contraception, endometriosis PREG X

Medroxyprogesterone

Name the medication: - sedative - disturbed biorhythms - sleep d/o

Melatonin

How many doses in a series for Meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined? Who receives this vaccine?

Single dose at 11-12 years, then booster at 16 years

Name the medication: -antiDM2 agent CI: DM1 PREG B

Metformin

Name the medication: -analgesic, opioid detoxification adjunct analgesia, opioid dependence, heroin detox Schedule II C/I: acute resp. depression, risk paralytic ileus PREG C

Methadone

Name the medication: -skeletal muscle relaxant, ANS agent Used for: tetanus, painful muscle spasms w/ MSK conditions PREG C

Methocarbamol

Name the medication: -Antineoplastic agent, FOLIC ACID anatagonist choriocarcinoma, trophoblastic tumors, LEUKEMIAS, CA of head, breast, neck, lung, severe psoriasis, RA, mycosis fungoides PREG X and lactation

Methotrexate

Name the medication: Psychomotor agitation, severe paranoia, psychosis d/t augmented dopamine neurotransmission SE: restlessness, loss of creativity, dysphoric mood, rebound fatigue, addiction, loss of appetite/WT loss, irritability, erectile dysfunction; HTN, tachyarrhythmia, Tourette’s syndrome, seizure, psychotic d/o, sudden death -piperidine derivative ADHD, narcolepsy SCHEDULE II PREG C

Methylphenidate

Name the medication: -masks sxs of pain when combo w/ heat or cold, counter irritant for rheumatic conditions, painful muscles or joints TOPICAL

Methyl salicylate

Name the medication: -antiemetic, dopamine antagonist Used for :N&V assoc w/ chemo or radiotherpy; GERD SE: extrapyramidal, dystonia, tardive dyskinsia - often IRREVERSIBLE PREG B

Metoclopramide

Name the medication: -antiprotozoal, amoebiasis, balantidiasis, trichomoniasis, Giardiasis, BV, H. pylori, rosacea, anaerobic bacteria; infxns, tetanus C/I: 1st trimester of pregnancy, lactation PREG B

Metronidazole

``` Name the medication: -prostaglandin analogue Used for: ulceration (duodenal, gastric; NSAID induced), prophylaxis for NSAID induced ulceration TERMINATION of intrauterine pregnancy used alone or w/ methotrexate, induction of labor in women w/ unfavorable cervices SE: diarrhea, abdominal pain PREG X ```

Misoprostol

How many doses are in the MMR vaccine series? | Who receives the vaccine?

2 dose series | CHILDREN

Name the medication: -CNS stimulant, nonamphetamine CNS stimulant to improve wakefulness in pts w excessive daytime sleepiness assoc w/ narcolepsy, obstx sleep apnea, shift work d/o SE: dizziness, insomnia, agitation, rhinitis; cardiac arrhythmia, HTN, psychosis; serious rash, incl. Stevens-Johnson syndrome PREG C

Modafinil

Name the medication: Main player in asthma treatment! Used for: Decr. # of inflammatory cells in airways, Decr. damage to airway epithelium, reduce vascular permeability Suppressive, not curative, strong nasal/oral corticosteroid inflam., hyperkeratotic dermatosis PREG C

Mometasone

Name the medication: Inhibit binding of LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 Used to: produce immediate, small improvement in lung fxn, reduce freq. of exacerbations, improve asthma control Useful in aspirin exacerbated resp. dz, (aspirin-sensitive asthma), asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, allergic rhinitis PREG B

Montelukast sodium

Name the medication: -opioid analgesic, mod to severe pain, cough, analgesia during labor Schedule II C/I: respiratory depression, paralytic ileus PREG C

Morphine

Name the medication: -topical antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor Used for: impetigo caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, eradication of nasal colonization by Staph aureus, infx traumatic skin lesions C/I: burn victims - esp. w/ extensive burns PREG B

Mupirocin

Name the medication: -narcotic drug that reverses effects of other narcotic meds PREG C

Naloxone

Name the medication: Used to reverse life-threatening adverse effects of opioid use, specif. resp. depression Used for detox of opioid-addicted individuals NDs use low-dose (3mg vs. 50mg) for various indications, such as auto-immune issues, neurological issues C/I: pt concurrently dependent on opioids PREG C

Naltrexone

Name the medication: -NSAID Used for pain, RA, OA, ankylosing spondylitis, migraine, dysmenorrhea PREG C

Naproxen

``` Name the medication: -smoking cessation agent, cholinergic smoking cessation NOT TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION w/ smoking C/I: children PREG D ```

Nicotine

Name the medication: -antibacterial, 5-nitrofuran Used for: cystitis & uncomplicated UTIs, primarily against common E. coli SE: brownish discoloration of urine PREG B but C/I weeks 38-40 of pregnancy and during labor and delivery and lactation

Nitrofurantoin

``` Name the medication: -antianginal agent, nitrate vasodilator prevention of angina pectoris d/t coronary artery dz, acute tx heart fail MUST be d/c 8-12 hours daily SE: HA C/I: -recent use sildenafil PREG C ```

Nitroglycerin

Name the medication: -contraception, progestin + estrogen contraception PREG X

Norgestimate

Name the medication: -antifungal agent Topical - cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infxns caused by Candida albicans PREG oral - C

Nystatin

Name the medication: -antiviral prevention & tx of influenza A & B; active against type A H3N2 and type B strains, but resistant to type A H1N1 strain PREG C

Oseltamivir

Name the medication: -narcotic analgesic, opioid agonist analgesia C/I: risk of paralytic ileus, lactation, kids < 18yo, acute resp. depression Schedule II PREG D

Oxycodone

Name the medication: -decongestant, sympathomimetic nasal congestion; conjunctival decongestant as eye drop FREQ. use may cause rebound congestion PREG C

Oxymetazoline

Name the medication: -uterine stimulant Used for: postpartum hemorrhage, induction of labor, incomplete or inevitable abortion PREG X

Oxytocin

``` Name the medication: -microtubule disruptor Used for: lung, ovarian, breast, head and neck CA, Kaposi's sarcoma C/I: lactation PREG D ```

Paclitaxel

Name the medication: -chelates Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, promotes their removal in urine, decr. IgM rheumatoid factor levels, Wilson's dz, copper toxicosis, cystinuria, RA, mercury poisoning, lead poisoning

Penicillamine

Name the medication: Narrow spectrum—useful against: Gram+ organisms, Broken down by β-lactamases Used for: dental abscesses, recurrent rheumatic fever, recurrent strep cellulitis in lymphedema; SE: hypersensitivity rxn (ALL β-lactams) incl. anaphylaxis; seizures, rash, acute interstitial nephritis PREG B

Penicillin

Name the medication: -hematologic agent peripheral artery dz PREG C

Pentoxyfylline

Name the medication: -pediculicide infestation w/ Sarcoptes scabei - scabies PREG B

Permethrin and Permethrin cream

Name the medication: -antidepressant, monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) atypical depression Used after: other anti-depressants have failed in "atypical," "nonendogenous," or "neurotic" pts. These pts often have mixed anxiety & depression & phobic or hypochondriacal features PREG C

Phenelzine

Name the medication: Local analgesic to urinary mucosal lining Used for: urinary pain, burning, urgency, freq., useful along w/ antibiotic for UTI, post in-dwelling catheter, first line of tx for interstitial cystitis (IC) SE: turns urine deep orange color & may discolor contact lenses! PREG B

Phenoazopyridine

Name the medication: -anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative- hypnotic Used for: partial seizures, emergency mgmt acute seizures, pre-op sedation Schedule II PREG D

Phenobarbitals

Name the medication: -WT loss agent/ appetite suppressant, sympathomimetic short term use to treat mod to severe obesity C/I: lactation PREG X

Phentermine

Name the medication: -decongestant, sympathomimetic, alpha adrenergic agonist nasal congestion, mydriasis as an eyedropper SE: Ophthalmic solutions may liberate pigment granules from iris PREG C

Phenylephrine

Name the medication: Used for focal & secondary generalized (tonic-clonic) seizures, neuralgias, cardiac glycoside induced arrhythmias SE: ataxia, nystagmus, incoordination, confusion, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, facial coarsening, BP lability, suicidal behavior; agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis PREG D

Phenytoin

How many doses in the series for Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine? Who receives this vaccine?

4 doses | CHILDREN

How many doses in the series for the Polio vaccine? | Who receives this vaccine?

4 doses | CHILDREN

Name the medication: Bind to/activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors (D2 & D3) Less freq. dosing than levodopa SE: excessive sedation/somnolence, vivid dreams/dream d/o, hallucinations, asthenia, amnesia; dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension C/I: lactation - shuts down lactation PREG C

Pramipexole

Name the medication: -adrenal glucocorticoid, corticosteroid acute asthma, giant cell arteritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, RA, allergies, SLE PREG C

Prednisone

Name the medication: | precursor of steroid hormones memory enhancement

Pregnenolone

Name the medication: -antiemetic severe N&V; psychosis for the symptomatic mgmt of psychotic d/o, short term mgmt of nonpsychotic anxiety in pts w/ generalized anxiety d/o BLACK BOX incr. mortality in elderly pts w/ dementia related psychosis TARDIVE KINESIA is poss. w/ long- term use & may be irreversible (involuntary dyskinetic, repetitive movements > in women) PREG C

Prochlorperazine

Name the medication: -hormone Used for: amenorrhea, dysfxn uterine bleeding, contraception, PMS C/I: pregnancy

Progesterone

Name the medication: Non-selective (mixed: β-1, β-2, β-3: GI tract, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, lungs, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) Used for: angina, HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, acute MI, cardiomyopathy, migraine prophylaxis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, essential tremor, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism SE: mood depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia, C/I: asthma PREG C

Propranolol

``` Name the medication: -antithyroid agent Used for: hyperthyroidism SE: rash, itching, hives, abN skin pigmentation PREG D ```

Propylthiouracil

Name the medication: -decongestant, alpha adrenergic agonist nasal congestion SE: rebound congestion & rhinorrhea PREG C

Pseudoephrine

Name the medication: Antagonist in uterine & breast tissue, partial agonist in bone Used for: prevention and tx of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, reduction in risk of invasive BCA in postmenopausal women w/ osteoporosis; SE: incr. risk of DVT, PE, death from stroke; flu-like symptoms, hot flashes, infection, sinusitis Warnings: INCR. RISK OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND DEATH FROM STROKE PREG X

Raloxifene

Name the medication: -anti-ulcer agent, histmine-2 antagonist inhibits gastric acid & secretion PUD, dyspepsia, stress ulcer prophylaxis, GERD SE: HA PREG B

Ranitidine

Name the medication: - active immunity against rotavirus - gastroenteritis live - attenuated vaccine

RGE vaccine

Name the medication: Used for schizophrenia, mania, irritability in autism, atypical antipsychotic drug schizophrenia & other psychotic d/o SE: anticholinergic s/sx, sedation, WT gain; mild extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia, dysglycemia; incr. suicide risk WARNING: incr. mortality in elderly pts w/ dementia-related psychosis C/I: lactation PREG C

Risperidone

Name the medication: Used for s/sx control only in mild-moderate, dementia assoc. w/ Parkinson’s dz cholinesterase inhibitor SE: diarrhea, N&V, cramps, anorexia, vivid dreams PREG B

Rivastigmine

``` Name the medication: -thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemic agent DM2 -CAN be used w/ metformin CI: DM1 PREG C ```

Rosiglitazone

Name the medication: -increases cAMP levels, smooth muscle relaxes and bronchodilation (long acting beta2 effects) *prophylatic tx of asthma (works best when used with inhaled corticosteroids); nocturnal asthma, COPD PREG C

Salmeterol

Name the medication: -antihHTN, peripheral vasodilator Used for: erectile dysfxn PREG B

Sildenafil

Name the medication: -antibacterial - both Gram (+) and (-) prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatrum; chlamydia; severe burns to prevent infxn PREG C

Silver nitrate

``` Name the medication: -saline laxative - phosphoric acid salt -For complete bowel evacuation for colonoscopy, natural cathartic laxative, constipation, Caution in kids 2-11 and elderly PREG C ```

sodium phosphate | enema

Name the medication: -K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist, distal convoluted tubule - incr. Na & H2O excretion, decr. K excretion Used for: primary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, essential HTN, severe heart fail, hirsutism PREG C

Spironolactone

Name the medication: -antiulcer agent, pepsin inhibitor forms ulcer-adherent proteinaceous exudate complex "ulcer band-aid" duodenal ulcer, stress ulcer SE: constipation PREG B

Sucralfate

Name the medication: Immunomodulatory or anti-inflam Uses: UC C/I: pts w/ intestinal or urinary obstxn, porphyria, aspirin sensitivities, sulfa sensitivities SE: GI distress, HA, N&V, oligospermia, anorexia, fever PREG B

Sulfasalazine

Name the medication: Used for: migraine relief Potent vasoconstrictors (migraine etiology is believed to be precipitated by cerebral vasodilation w/ subsequent activation of small pain fibers) C/I: most CVD, IBD, HTN, MAOI, hepatic impairment PREG C

Sumatriptan

Name the medication: Preferential expression of α1a receptors, BPH hypertrophy agent Used for: BPH, hepatic impairment, renal impairment; ureter stone expulsion SE: skin rash, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, resp. s/sx C/I: lactation PREG B

Tamsulosin

Name the medication: -antifungal agent, allylamine drug fungal cell death dermatophytosis/fingernail infxns - require 6 wks therapy PREG B

Terbinafine

Name the medication: -hormone, anabolic on muscles, stimulates sebaceous gland growth, secondary sex characteristics, incr. bone density, stimulate erythropoietin pdtn, may be protective against autoimmune dz *AIDS wasting, anorchia, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, surreptitiously by athletes, andropause, gender identity dysphoria, female-to-male transexuals PREG X

Testosterone

Name the medication: -bronchodilator, antimuscarinic, anticholinergic maintenance tx in COPD PREG C

Tiotropium bromide

Name the medication: -urinary antispasmodic, cholinergic blocking/anticholinergic urinary incontinence, typical anticholinergic SE: tachycardia, dry mouth & eyes, HA, dizziness, blurred vision, abdominal pain C/I: uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma PREG C

Tolterodine

Name the medication: Used for MDD (high dose) & insomnia OFF label (low dose) SE: sweating, WT change, dyspepsia, dizziness, somnolence, blurred vision; priapism, seizure, worsening of depression PREG C

Trazadone

Name the medication: -antibacterial, sulfonamide, folate antagonist UTI, OM, chlamydial infxns, Shigella enteritis, pneumonia caused by Pneumoncystis jiroveci (carinii) C/I: sulfonamide allergy, infants <2 months, pregancny (3rd trimester), lactation

Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Name the medication: Topical for minor cuts, scrapes, burns PREG C

``` Triple antibiotic ( neomycin, polymyxin B & bacitracin) ```

Name the medication: PPD skin test DX inject intradermally, result read 48-72 hrs. (+) 10mm induration

Tuberculin purified protein derivative

Name the medication: Antiviral Used for: Herpes zoster (shingles), genital herpes, prophylaxis of herpes simples infxns; prophylaxis of cytomegaloviral infxns in immunocompromised pts PREG B

Valacyclovir

Name the medication: anti-HTN, angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) Used for: HTN, heart fail, may combo w/ or substituted for ACE inhibitor May increase serum K PREG D

Valsartan

Name the medication: Antineoplastic agent, MITOTIC inhibitor Hodgkins dz, testicular CA, myelosuppression, alopecia PREG D & lactation

Vinblastine

Name the medication: Anticoagulant Used for: tx & prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism PREG X

Warfarin

``` Name the medication: Antiretroviral agent HIV infxn, prophylaxis HIV infxn C/I: lactation PREG C ```

Zidovudine

Name the medication: Used to induce sleep SE: unpleasant bitter or metallic taste, aggressive behavior, confusion, agitation, auditory & visual hallucinations, worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts, depersonalization, amnesia; perform complex natural behaviors while asleep; nervousness; easily angered or annoyed; anxiety; loss of one's own sense of reality or identity -If a person does not sleep immediately or if they get up shortly after taking the med they may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that are not there), as well as problems w/ coordination & memory. PREG C

Zolpidem

Name the medication: Used for: Prevention of further gouty attacks, prevention & tx of hyperuricemia, prevention of uric acid nephropathy during CA chemo SE: GI upset, maculopapular rash, acute gout attack C/I: EtOH may inc. uric acid levels

Allopurinol

Name the medication: Used for: Schizophrenia, bipolar d/o, adjunctive for MDD, irritability assoc. w/ autistic d/o SE: insomnia, somnolence, suicidal thoughts, seizures, constipation, Wt gain Substrate of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia; compulsive urges; incr. suicide risk C/I: CV dz, cerebrovascular dz, WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis & Hx of seizures PREG C

Aripiprazole

``` Name the medication: Used for: Acne SE: skin dryness, peeling, erythema, contact dermatitis, photosensitivity C/I: Hypersensitivity PREG C ```

Benzoyl peroxide

``` Name the medication: Used for: moderate plaque psoriasis SE: burning, itching, skin irritation, C/I: hypersensitivity, use on face, hypercalcemia, evidence of VIt D toxicity PREG C ```

Calcipotriol

Name the medication: Used for: SGLT- for DM2 (lowers renal glucose threshold) SE: female genital mycotic INFXN, inc. urination, male genital mycotic INFXN, vulvovaginal pruritus, thirst -May inc. risk of dehydration -2-fold inc risk of lower limb amputation in pt's w/ CVD C/I: Severe renal impairment, ESRD, pts on dialysis

Canagliflozin

Name the medication: Cephalosporin antibiotic Used for: febrile neutropenia, UTI, uncomplicated skin infxn, Susceptible organisms: bacteroides spp, enterobacter spp, E.coli, H. influenza, Klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas, staph aureus, strep pyogenes Can harm kidneys

Cefepime

Name the medication: 3rd generation cephalosporin Used for: intra-abdominal infxns, acute bacterial OM, prosthetic joint infxn, uncomplicated gonococcal infxn C/I: calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate

Ceftriaxone

Name the medication: Cephalosporin Used for: community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, skin infxn (incl. MRSA) Caution: C-diff assoc. diarrhea and poss. drug-induced hemolytic anemia

Ceftaroline

Name the medication: Cephalosporin Used for bone & joint infxn (staph aureus), COPD (acute exacerbations), Lower resp. tract infxn, early Lyme dz, acute OM, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, septicemia, sinusitis, skin infxn, UTI Warning/precaution: elevated INR, superinfection (C. diff)

Cefuroxime

Name the medication: Macrolide antibiotic - works by stopping the growth of bacteria Used for: bacterial infxns like pneumonia & bronchitis

Clarithromycin

Name the medication: | Anti-inflam, anti-emetic, long-acting corticosteroid

Dexamethasone

Name the medication: Used for: MDD, short-term tx of GAD, OCD, & eating d/o DO NOT misc w/ other CNS drugs (may have additive effect), fatal reaction w/ MAOIs, mixing w/ other SSRIs inc. risk of serotonin syndrome. May inc. bradycardia w/ beta blockers SE: sexual dysfxn, GI distress vasospasm, sweating, somnolence, anxiety; serotonin syndrome may precipitate mania; worsening of depression to the point of suicide C/I: Hx of suicide ideation, mania, seizure d/o, renal/hepatic impairment PREG C

Escitalopram

Name the medication: Hormone that can treat hot flashes & other s/sx of menopause or low estrogen. After menopause it can prevent osteoporosis. It can also tx advanced breast & prostate CA.

Estrogens, conjugated

Name the medication: Incr. glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decr. inappropriate glucagon secretion, incr. B-cell growth/replication, slows gastric emptying, & decr. food intake Used as adjunct to diet/exercise in chronic WT management

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Name the medication: Uses: schizophrenia, tics, Tourette’s SE: cardiovascular (sudden death, QT-prolongation, and Torsades de Pointes), tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant synd. WARNING: Incr. mortality in elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis C/I: Parkinson’s dz

Haloperidol

Name the medication: Used for: Anticoagulant tx in prophylaxis & tx of venous thrombosis; low-dose regimen for prevention of postoperative DVT & PE in pts undergoing major abdomino-thoracic surgery or at risk of developing thromboembolic dz; prophylaxis & tx of PE; Afib w/ embolization; Tx acute & chronic consumptive coagulopathies (disseminated intravascular coagulation); prevention of clotting in arterial & cardiac surgery; prophylaxis & tx of peripheral arterial embolism C/I: severe thrombocytopenia, when INR or PT cannot be performed at routine intervals, uncontrolled bleeding states PREG C

Heparin

``` Name the medication: Act on µ-opioid receptors Class II controlled substance Used for mod. to severe pain SE: not feeling well, constipation, depression, hallucinations, HA, trouble breathing, stomach cramps, heart palpitations PREG C ```

Hydrocodone

Name the medication: Basal level of insulin Structurally similar to endogenous insulin; zinc ions provide stability; recombinant DNA technology For use in insulin dependent DM SE: injection site rxn, lipodystrophy; hypoglycemia PREG B

Insulin (-glargine)

Name the medication: Very fast acting Structurally similar to endogenous insulin; zinc ions provide stability; recombinant DNA technology For use in insulin dependent DM SE: injection site rxn, lipodystrophy; hypoglycemia PREG B

Insulin (-lispro)

Name the medication: Use: relapsing forms of MS Warnings: hyper/hypothyroidism, bone marrow suppression, flu-like s/sx, severe hepatic injury, severe injection site injury, neuropsychiatric manifestations, thrombotic microangiopathy PREG C

Interferon beta 1

Name the medication: Atropine derivative Capsule for inhalation; used for long-term maintenance of bronchospasm associated w/ COPD (bronchitis/emphysema) SE: tachycardia, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention PREG C

Ipratropium bromide

``` Name the medication: Used specifically for all types of TB. Must be used as polypharmacy for active TB; usually given in combo: rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide SE: severe, sometimes fatal hepatitis Depletes Vit B6 PREG C ```

Isoniazid

Name the medication: Used for: hypothyroidism that demonstrates intolerance to T4, replacement tx or no improvement on T4 replacement tx. Also for Myxedema coma and “Wilson’s syndrome” MOA: Replaces T3

Liothyronine

Name the medication: Long acting analog of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Used to: incr. glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decr. inappropriate glucagon secretion, incr. B-cell growth/replication, slows gastric emptying, & decr. food intake Used as adjunct to diet & exercise in chronic WT management

Liraglutide

Name the medication: Elemental iodine and K+ iodide Used in hypothyroidism & TSH pituitary suppression SE: are typically s/sxs of hyperthyroidism C/I: pts w/ un-tx subclinical (suppressed serum TSH level w/ normal T3 & T4 levels) or overt thyrotoxicosis of any etiology & in pts w/ acute MI Levothyroxine is C/I in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency. PREG A

Lugol Solution

Name the medication: Used for: arthritis, SLE, psoriasis, UC, allergic d/o, gland (endocrine) d/o, & conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells C/I: fungal INFXN SE: Hypokalemia

Methylprednisolone

Name the medication: Partial opioid agonists (µ-receptor) & partial opioid antagonists (κ-receptor) Used to: reverse life-threatening adverse effects of opioid use, specifically resp. depression, for detox of opioid-addicted individuals reduction of illicit drug use & NDs use low-dose (3mg vs. 50mg) for various indications, such as auto-immune issues, neurological issues PREG C

Naltrexone

Name the medication: Oral combo contraception pills Used for: prevention of pregnancy (Everything else is off-label!) BLACK BOX WARNING: stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BCA, possible dementia C/I: smokers over 35y/o, assoc. w/ increase in GB dz PREG X

Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol | Norelgestimate/ ethinyl estradiol

Name the medication: Used for: prevention of N&V from chemo, radiation, or surgery SE: confusion, dizziness, fever, HA, SOB, weakness; decrease freq. of urination, decrease urine volume, difficulty w/ passing urine (dribbling), painful urination; arm, back, or jaw pain; chest pain or discomfort, chest tightness or heaviness, convulsions, cough, decreased urine, dyspnea, dysphagia, dry mouth, fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse, increased thirst, loss of appetite, loss of bladder control C/I: concomitant use w/ apomorphine PREG B

Ondansetron

Name the medication: Adjunct to diet/exercise to improve glycemic control in adults w/ DM2 Insulin sensitizers: enhance action of insulin at target tissues, synthetic ligands for transcription factor PPARγ, which affects adipose cell differentiation & lipid metabolism; fatty acid uptake & storage in adipose rather than skeletal muscle or liver Major SE: bladder CA & heart fail BLACK BOX WARNING: may cause or worsen heart fail C/I: DMI/with exogenous insulin or pt w/ class III or class IV heart fail Caution in patients w/ edema Drug interactions: CYP2C8 Inhibitors & Inducers PREG C

Pioglitazone

Name the medication: Very narrow therapeutic window Used in hypokalemia d/t digitalis intoxication, familial periodic paralysis, diuretic use, cardiac arrhythmias SE: hyperkalemia (contraindication), GI irritation & bleeding PREG C

Potassium chloride

Name the medication: | Which screening should be done annually to test for TB?

PPD Skin Test

Name the medication: Inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel Originally marketed for use in epilepsy, then neuropathic pain, then anger management, bipolar d/o, fibromyalgia, migraines, menopausal s/sx. Approved for use in epilepsy, post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury SE: dizziness, fatigue, WT gain, drowsiness, edema; mild-to-mod. mood swings, hostility, concentration problems, & hyperactivity (in children 3-12y), suicidal behavior; hepatotoxicity, worsening of renal impairment, adenocarcinomas, pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas PREG C

Pregabalin

Name the medication: Monocarboxylic acid agent Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity Specifically used to tx TB Used concomitantly w/ other anti-TB meds Other uses include: leprosy, brucellosis, Legionnaire’s dx, tx of asx carriers of Neisseria meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx, but is NOT indicated for the tx of meningococcal infection because of the possibility of the rapid emergence of resistant organisms.) SE: liver dysfxn PREG C

Rifampin

Name the medication: Used for: seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, dandruff, tinea versicolor PREG C

Selenium sulfide

Name the medication: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor Prolongs active incretin levels for glucose regulation Used for: DM2; “Dietary considerations: individualized medical nutrition therapy (MNT) based on ADA recommendations is an integral part of therapy.” SE: Anxiety, blurred vision, chills, cold sweats, confusion, cool, pale skin, depression, dizziness, fast heartbeat, HA, incr. hunger, LOC, nausea, nightmares, seizures, shakiness, slurred speech, unusual tiredness or weakness PREG B

Sitagliptin

Name the medication: Inhibitors of folate metabolism; competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, preventing synthesis of folic acid in bacteria!stops bacterial growth: bacteriostatic Typically administered together for synergistic effect and to combat drug resistance PREG C

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

Name the medication: Competes w/ estradiol for estrogen receptor proteins Used for: metastatic BCA, adjuvant tx of BCA, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), reduction of BCA incidence in high risk women BLACK BOX Warnings: uterine malignancies, stroke, PE PREG D

Tamoxifen

How many doses of DTap are given? | Who receives DTap vaccines?

4 dose series | Given to CHILDREN

Name the medication: (Glitazones) - decr. insulin resistance Liver fxn tests should be performed initiating tx w/ a Glitazone, rechecked at 1 month & repeated again in 3 months, to assess for any rise in ALT.

Thiazolidinedione (TDZ)

Name the medication: Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor -DMARD BLACK BOX WARNING: may inc. risk of serious & sometimes fatal infxn; future CA (lymphoma and others) Used for: RA refractive to methotrexate MAY use w/ steroids, NSAIDs, other DMARDs; DO NOT use w/ biologic DMARDs or cytokine inhibitors

Tofacitinib

Name the medication: Used in HER-2 positive BCA (adjuvant; metastatic breast or gastric CA) MoA: binds to extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER-2); it mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting proliferation of cells which overexpress HER-2 protein BLACK BOX WARNINGS: serious heart problems, injection site problems, lung problems, all of which can be fatal; fetal harm PREG D

Trastuzumab

Name the medication: Corticosteroid Used for: Asthma, COPD Not indicated to tx an acute asthma attack once it has already begun. MOA: Diminishes inflam. of bronchial wall . Affects gene transcription & alters protein production. SE: Thrush, sore throat, nosebleeds, incr. coughing, HA, runny nose

Triamcinolone

Name the medication: Thyroid hormone (T4 & T3 as well as T2 & T1) obtained from porcine thyroid gland tissue Used for: Hypothyroidism MOA: Replaces both T4 & T3

USP thyroid

Name the medication: Used to help stop smoking -Partial nicotine agonist (α4 β2 nicotinic receptor agonist) WARNINGS: CNS depression, nausea, neuropsychiatric events: depression, suicidal thoughts, suicide, somnabulism: can involve harmful behavior to self, others, and/or property, CV events, seizures

Varenicline

How many doses in the Varicella vaccine series? | Who receives this vaccine?

``` 2 doses 1st: 12-15 months old 2nd: 4-6 years old Ages 13 years and older, 2 doses, 28 days or more apart ```

Name the medication: Used for: MDD C/I: recent or current MAOI use SE: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents & young adults; hepatotoxicity; orthostatic hypotension; serotonin syndrome; abN bleeding severe skin rxn; activation of mania/hypomania; angle-closure glaucoma; seizures; hyponatremia; urinary hesitation & retention PREG C

Venlafaxine

How many doses in the Zoster vaccine recombinant, adjuvanted series? Who receives this vaccine?

Single dose | ADULTS (50 years or older)

Name the medication: Used mainly as a mucolytic agent & in management of acetaminophen OD Acts to augment the glutathione reserves in body & together w/ glutathione, directly bind to toxic metabolites which serves to protect hepatocytes from NAPQI toxicity.

Acetylcysteine

Name the medication: Paralysis/death of worm Used for nematode infxn (pinworm, common roundworm, whipworm, common & American hookworm), cysticercosis, echinococcosis SE: GI distress, HA; agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, acute renal fail PREG C

Albendazole

Name the medication: Uses: Erectile dysfxn d/t neurogenic, vasculogenic, psychogenic, or mixed etiology Another use is in neonates born w/ heart defects that need surgical correction. IV use of this drug may be used to maintain patent ductus arteriosus until surgical correction can be done (pulmonary atresia, pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, interruption of the aortic arch, coarctation of the aorta, or transposition of the great vessels w/ or w/out other defects) SE: curving of penis, pain, priapism, testicular swelling/pain PREG X

Alprostadil

Name the medication: Useful against Gram-positive AND Gram-negative, amino penicillins (positive charge enhances diffusion) Used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae & meningitidis, E. coli & H. influenzae; Listeria meningitis, uncomplicated ENT infxn, prevent endocarditis (dental), part of combo tx for H. Pylori SE: non-urticarial rash, N&V, diarrhea PREG B

Amoxicillin/clavulante | or Ampicillin

Name the medication: Highly reinforcing: profound sense of well-being, energy, optimism, psychomotor agitation, severe paranoia, psychosis due to augmented dopamine neurotransmission SE: restlessness, dysphoric mood, rebound fatigue, addiction, loss of appetite/WT loss, irritability, erectile dysfunction; HTN, tachyarrhythmia, Tourette’s syndrome, seizure, psychotic disorder, sudden death WARNING: SUICIDAL IDEATION IN CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS PREG C

Atomoxetine

Name the medication: Uses: spasticity of MS, spinal cord injury, rheumatic disorders. NOT indicated for stroke, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s dz TAPER off if discontinuing (hallucinations/seizures) SE: drowsiness, asthenia, dizziness, HA, nausea PREG C

Baclofen

Name the medication: Main player in asthma treatment! Incr. transcription of genes coding for β-2 receptor & anti-inflam proteins (IL-10, 12, 1Ra) Decr. transcription of genes coding for many pro- inflam. proteins (IL-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 15, TNFα, GM-CSF, SCF, endothelial adhesion molecules, chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX, phospholipase A2, endothelin-1, NK1-2 receptor) PREG C

Beclomethasone

Name the medication: Chemically related to procaine Anesthetizes stretch receptors in resp. tract, reducing cough reflex at source Warnings: psychiatric changes, accidental overdose by children PREG C

Benzonatate

Name the medication: Structurally similar to atropine and diphenhydramine Useful in parkinsonism; extrapyramidal d/o caused by neuroleptic drugs (i.e. phenothiazines) Pregnancy category not classifed

Benztropine

Name the medication: Structurally related to acetylcholine; parasympathomimetic Used for: acute post-op & postpartum non-obstrx urinary retention; neurogenic atony of urinary bladder w/ retention PREG C

Bethanechol

Name the medication: Used in combo w/ LH-RH analogue for tx of Stage D2 metastatic carcinoma of the prostate SE: hepatitis, gynecomastia, breast pain, reduction in glucose tolerance C/I: women PREG X

Bicalutamide

Name the medication: Used: overactive bladder w/w-out neurologic condition (i.e. MS), chronic migraine, upper/lower limb spasticity, cervical dystonia, primary axillary hyperhidrosis, blepharospasm/strabismus WARNINGS: distant spread of toxin effect (hours to weeks later) SE: asthenia, generalized muscle weakness, diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, dysphonia, dysarthria, urinary incontinence, swallowing and breathing difficulties, death PREG C

Botulinum toxin

Name the medication: Main player in asthma treatment! Incr. transcription of genes coding for β-2 receptor & anti-inflam proteins (IL-10, 12, 1Ra) Decr. transcription of genes coding for many pro-inflam. proteins (IL-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 15, TNFα, GM-CSF, SCF, endothelial adhesion molecules, chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX, phospholipase A2, endothelin-1, NK1-2 receptor) PREG B

Budesonide - oral

Name the medication: Used for: local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques or topically WARNING: to be used only by clinicians trained in procedure AND emergency care should something go awry PREG B

Bupivacaine

Name the medication: These are partial opioid agonists (µ-receptor) and partial opioid antagonists (κ-receptor) Used for detox of opioid-addicted individuals, reduction of illicit drug use PREG C

Buprenorphine

Name the medication: Incr. deposition of Ca2+ and phosphate in bone Binds to a specific receptor on the osteoclasts, inhibiting osteoclastic activity. Dec resorption of both Ca2+ and phosphate in the proximal tubules Pulled from a hormone produced by C cells in the thyroid gland of salmon Used to tx post-menopausal (5 years post) osteoporosis, hypercalcemia and Paget’s dz

Calcitonin

What is the dosing for Cholera vaccine? | Who can receive this vaccine?

Doses given orally, 1 to 6 weeks apart, no later than 2 weeks before travel Children 2 years of age through adulthood

Name the medication: Used for: Mets testicular & ovarian tumors, & advanced bladder CA BLACK BOX WARNINGS: cumulative renal toxicity; myelosuppression, N&V, ototoxicity; anaphylactic-like rxn, can be tx'd w/ Epi, antihistamines, steroids C/I: hearing impaired, myelosuppressed PREG D

Cisplatin

Name the medication: Corticosteroid Used to tx skin conditions such as eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, & psoriasis. Use should be short term and only if other weaker corticosteroids are not effective

Clobetasol propionate

Name the medication: Uses: tx of ovulatory dysfxn in women desiring pregnancy after impediments to achieving pregnancy have been excluded or adequately tx'd Best outcomes seen in women w/ PCOS, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, psychogenic amenorrhea, post-OCP amenorrhea, & certain cases of secondary amenorrhea of undetermined etiology. Warnings: potential for ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome & hepatic dysfxn. PREG X

Clomiphene

Name the medication: Uses: tx-resistant schizophrenia, suicide risk reduction SE: anticholinergic symptoms, sedation, WT gain; mild extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia, dysglycemia WARNING: incr. mortality in elderly patients w/ dementia-related psychosis; SEVERE NEUTROPENIA; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, BRADYCARDIA, AND SYNCOPE; SEIZURE; MYOCARDITIS AND CARDIOMYOPATHY Must get baseline absolute neutrophil count before initiating therapy & routinely afterwards. Ramp up/taper down dosing PREG B

Clozapine

Name the medication: Used for: DM2 (NIDDM) in conjunction w/ diet/exercise, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia C/I: Hx of bowel obstrxn, TG > 500, hx of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis SE: GI complaints PREG B

Colesevelam

Name the medication: Inhibits release of histamine Uses: diarrhea, flushing, HA, N&V, urticaria, abdominal pain, & itching d/t mastocytosis Warning: decrease dose in pts w/ renal or hepatic dysfxn PREG B

Cromolyn sodium

Name the medication: Uses: lymphomas, leukemias, multiple myelomas, advanced Mycosis fungoides, disseminated neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the ovary, retinoblastoma, BCA; biopsy proven “Minimal Change” nephrotic syndrome in children (when steroids fail) C/I: severely depressed bone marrow SE: second malignancies, fetal harm, hemorrhagic cystitis, cardiac toxicity, infxn (impaired immune system functioning) PREG D

Cyclophosphamide

Name the medication: Oral dosage forms used as immunosuppressant to decr. transplant rejections (kidney, liver, heart); also used in RA with or when MTX fails and recalcitrant plaque psoriasis Eye drop is used for chronically dry eyes C/I: in RA patients with abN renal fxn, malignancies, or uncontrolled HTN; psoriasis, tx w/ immunosuppressants, PUVA, UVB, coal tar, or radiation previously. PREG C

Cyclosporine (Ophthalmic)

Name the medication: Pro-drug; specific, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor that inhibits both free & fibrin-bound thrombin. Inhibits coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects, incl. cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers, activation of factors V, VIII, XI, and XIII, and inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Used for: tx & prevention of DVT/PE, nonvalvular AF, post-op (hip replacement surgery) thromboprophylaxis PREG C

Dabigatran

Name the medication: MoA: affinity for nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL), which osteoblasts secrete, which triggers osteoclastic activity. Calcium & Vit D dependent SE: dermatitis, eczema, skin rash; serious infxn, hypercholesterolemia. PREG X

Denosumab

Name the medication: | Topical NSAID analgesic

Diclofenac - gel

Name the medication: Potent dilator of coronary arteries Useful in tx HTN, certain cardiac arrhythmias (type IV anti-arrhythmic), some forms of angina (Prinzmetal) C/I in sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, hypotension, acute MI + pulmonary congestion PREG C

Diltiazem

Name the medication: Has direct effect on circular smooth muscle of the bowel; may incr. segmentation/prolong transit time C/I: in pseudomembranous enterocolitis or enterotoxin-producing bacteria (better out than in!) SE: Bloating, constipation, loss of appetite, stomach pain (severe) w/ N&V PREG C

Diphenoxylate/atropine

Name the medication: Competitively binds to α1 receptors, dec. norepi activity. This results in dec. vascular resistance systemically Used for HTN, BPH Side effects: syncope (first dose effect), priapism PREG C

Doxazosin

Name the medication: Used for prevention of pregnancy. (Everything else is off-label!) BLACK BOX warning: stroke, MI, PE, DVT; BCA, poss. dementia C/I: in smokers, particularly over 35 years; assoc. w/ incr. in GB dz PREG X

Drospirenone/ethinyl esradiol

``` Name the medication: Used for : MDD, GAD, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, chronic MSK pain SE: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors CI: recent or current MAOI use PREG C ```

Duloxetine

Name the medication: Used for: prophylaxis & tx of DVT, prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina & non-Q-wave MI, tx of acute ST-segment elevation Ml C/I: active major bleeding, known hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products Increased risk of hemorrhage - Routine INR/PT considered unnecessary WARNING: spinal and epidural hematomas PREG B

Enoxaparin

Name the medication: Antiviral Used to tx liver infxn caused by hepatitis B virus. This medicine will NOT cure the hepatitis B virus, but it will keep it from reproducing and causing more liver damage. Caution w/ liver or kidney dz

Entecavir

Name the medication: Uses: superficial ocular infxn involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by organisms susceptible to this drug SE: Eye irritation PREG B

Erythromycin

Name the medication: Used for: insomnia MOA: Potentiation of GABA effect on chloride ion channels by binding to a specific receptor site not involved w/ the binding of benzodiazepines. SE: Impaired mentation prior to sedation.

Eszopiclone

Name the medication: Uses: Rheumatoid, juvenile rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis Warnings: incr. risk of developing serious & sometimes fatal infxn

Etanercept

Name the medication: Used for: hyperlipidemia, including homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and homozygous sitosterolemia C/I: active liver disease, pregnant/nursing PREG C

Ezetimibe

``` Name the medication: Act on µ-opioid receptors All are class II controlled substances Used for moderate to severe pain PREG C ```

Fentanyl

Name the medication: Uses: MS relapsing forms CI: MI, unstable angina, stroke, TIAs, decomp heart fail. Mobitz Type II second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block or sick sinus syndrome (unless patient has a functioning pacemaker); baseline QTc interval ≥500 msec; concurrent use of a class Ia or III antiarrhythmic SE: HA, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased liver enzymes, flu, back pain, cough, sinusitis, hypertension, AV block, depression, dizziness, migraine, increased triglycerides, bronchitis, HSV PREG C

Fingolimod

Name the medication: Class Ic -Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT) or paroxysmal atrial fib/flutter (PAF) w/ disabling symptoms or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias PREG C

Flecainide

Name the medication: Used to tx conditions in which the body does not produce enough of its own steroids, such as Addison's dz, & salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome. PREG C

Fludrocortisone

Name the medication: Used to tx inflam & itching caused by a number of skin conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, & psoriasis.

Fluocinonide

Name the medication: Aminoglycoside antibiotic Used for: conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, acute meibomianitis, & dacryocystitis, caused by susceptible strains PREG C

Gentamicin drops

Name the medication: Used for relapsing-remitting MS Warnings: hypersensitivity rxn, immediate post- injection rxn, chest pain, lipoatrophy & skin necrosis, “interference with useful immune function” PREG B

Glatiramer acetate

Name the medication: For rescue of hypoglycemia Recombinant DNA technology; IV, IM, or SQ administration C/I in pheochromocytoma

Glucagon

Name the medication: Used to cause ovulation & tx infertility in women, incr. sperm count in men, assist in testicular dropping into scrotum in young boys SE: ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome PREG X

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Name the medication: Peripheral vasodilation thru direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle by altering cellular calcium metabolism Used for: HTN C/I: CAD, mitral valvular, rheumatic heart dz Nutrient depletions: vitamin B6 PREG C

Hydralazine

Name the medication: Inhibits acetylcholine in periphery Uses: adjunctive therapy for peptic ulcers, neurogenic bladder/bowel and/or IBS; to control gastric secretion, visceral spasm and hypermotility in spastic colitis, spastic bladder, cystitis, pylorospasm, and assoc. abdominal cramps; “drying agent” in acute rhinitis; poisoning by anticholinesterase agents; in parkinsonism to reduce rigidity and tremors and to control associated sialorrhea and hyperhidrosis SE: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, tachycardia, palpitations,mydriasis, inc. ocular tension, loss of taste, HA, nervousness, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, N&V, impotence, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, allergic reactions C/I: glaucoma, obstructive pathologies (bladder, bowel), severe UC, myasthenia gravis Not approved by FDA PREG C

Hyoscyamine

Name the medication: Used for: actinic keratosis, EXTERNAL genital warts SE: local inflammation, flu-like symptoms NOT to be used in immune-compromised patients or children with molluscum contagiosum (ineffective) PREG C

Imiquimod

Name the medication: NSAID often used for symptom control of gout Used for: Gout, arthritis, bursitis, migraine HA, hemicrania, pain and swelling. SE: bleeding, gastritis, PUD, may exacerbate HTN or CHF. Use w/ caution in pts w/ preexisting renal and/or liver dz. Avoid use in patients with hx of asthma and nasal or sinus polyps.

Indomethacin

Name the medication: Directed against TNF-α (TNF blocker) Increased risk of serious infections: disseminated or extrapulmonary TB, invasive fungal infections (Aspergillus, Histoplasma), Hep B reactivation, opportunistic infections Increased risk of lymphoma, demyelinating disease, heart failure, pancytopenia Outside the risk of serious infections, these agents have very little in the way of adverse side effects—patient feel good on these! PREG B

Infliximab

Name the medication: Inhibit action of angiotensin II at its receptor (No action on Bradykinin) Used for HTN, nephropathy in DM2 pt's SE: HA, hyperkalemia, angioedema, rhabdomyolysis PREG D

Irbesartan

Name the medication: Act on vascular smooth muscle and/or adjacent vascular endothelium to dec. vascular tone -Reduce contractility of actin-myosin complexes in vascular smooth muscle cells For prophylaxis use in angina SE: HA C/I w/ concomitant use of cGMP PDE-5 inhibitors PREG C

Isosorbide mononitrate

Name the medication: Used for Strongyloidiasis of the intestinal tract (limited to this particular stage); Onchocerciasis infection (tissue microfilariae, not adult form) MoA: bind to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels Warnings: may cause cutaneous and/or systemic reactions of varying severity (the Mazzotti reaction) and ophthalmological reactions in pts w/ onchocerciasis, probably d/t allergic/inflammatory response to dead parasites

Ivermectin

Name the medication: Inhibit fungal 14a-sterol demethylase destabilization of fungal membrane fungistatic Inhibit P450 enzymes (many drug-drug interactions) PREG C for vaginal use; otherwise, category D

Ketoconazole

Name the medication: NSAID Used for the short-term treatment of mod to severe pain in adults. It is usually used before or after medical procedures or after surgery. Should NOT be used for mild or long-term painful conditions (such as arthritis).

Ketorolac

Name the medication: Uses: Epilepsy, Bipolar I (to prolong time btwn mood changes) SE: Serious skin rashes; multi-organ hypersensitivity reactions and organ; blood dyscrasias; suicidal behavior and ideation; aseptic meningitis; withdrawal seizures; status epilepticus; sudden unexplained death in epilepsy PREG C

Lamotrigine

Name the medication: Initially, stimulatory; continuous dosing results in suppression of ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis Used for palliative tx of advanced prostatic CA; tx of premature development of secondary sexual characteristics in children; (endometriosis and uterine fibroids) SE: arthropathy, asthenia, decreased testicular size, depression, dermatological reaction, edema, GI dz, HA, hot flash, inc. lactate dehydrogenase, pain, urination d/o, vaginitis, diaphoresis, and emotional lability, respiratory tract dz, abN hepatic function tests, dehydration, dizziness, dyspnea, edema, impotence, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, neuromuscular disease, paresthesia, prolonged partial thromboplastin PREG X

Leuprolide

Name the medication: DNA synthesis inhibitor Fluoroquinolones: Inhibit topoisomerases Subvert bacterial type II topoisomerases, stabilizing incomplete DNA, Bactericidal at therapeutic doses Used for: common UG, GI, respiratory infections caused by Gram-negative microbes (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. jejuni, P. aeruginosa, N. gonorrhoeae, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Sheigella) SE: N&V, diarrhea; cartilage damage, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy; increased intracranial pressure, seizure, severe hypersensitivity reaction; prolongs Q-T interval Pregnancy category C

Levofloxacin

Name the medication: Class Ib Ventricular arrhythmias Alternative (last resort) option anti-arrhythmic and anti-epileptic (status epilepticus) Amide local anesthetic (Works both topical and injection) Pregnancy category B

Lidocaine

Name the medication: Inhibit action of angiotensin II at its receptor (No action on Bradykinin) Less effect on vasodilation and fewer side effects (cough, angioedema) Used for HTN, HTN in pts w/ left ventricular hypertrophy, nephropathy in DM2 Not for black pts SE: Hyperkalemia, HA, angioedma, rhabdomyolysis Pregnancy category D

Losartan

Name the medication: Uses: dizziness, nausea, vomiting associated with motion; Warnings: not to be used in patients with obstructions (BPH, bladder-neck, pyloroduodenal, narrow angle glaucoma) CI: premature infants, neonates, nursing mothers Pregnancy category B

Meclizine - OTC

``` Name the medication: Used for: anorexia or cachexia of AIDS SE: diarrhea, flatulence, N&V, HTN, impotence, decreased libido, asthenia, rash, insomnia, anemia, fever, hyperglycemia (diabetes, Cushing’s disease), pain; breast and pituitary tumors (benign and malignant) C/I: pregnant women Pregnancy category X ```

Megestrol acetate

Name the medication: NSAID: Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1 and 2) enzymes, which results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors; has antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties Used for: Pain or inflammation caused by RA and OA in adults and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children who are at least 2 years old. Can increase your risk of fatal heart attack or stroke

Meloxicam

Name the medication: Modest effect in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s Acts on glutamatergic system, blocks NMDA-type glutamate receptors (glutamatergic exicitotoxicity) Also used in dementia with Lewy bodies SE: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, HA, insomnia, agitation, hallucinations; vomiting, anxiety, hypertonia, cystitis, increased libido.

Memantine

Name the medication: 5-amino salicylate immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory. Uses: ulcerative colitis, IBD C/I: patients with intestinal or urinary obstructions, porphyria, aspirin sensitivities, sulfa sensitivities SE: gastric distress, headache, nausea, oligospermia, vomiting, anorexia, fever Pregnancy category B

Mesalazine

Name the medication: Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone Used for: hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease or toxic multinodular goiter) for whom surgery or radioactive iodine therapy is not an appropriate treatment option; symptom control in preparation for thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy SE: rash, arthralgias; life-threatening hepatotoxicity, agranulocytosis, vasculitis, hypoprothrombinemia Pregnancy category D

Methimazole

Name the medication: Selective (β-1: heart, kidneys, brain), neg. inotropy, neg. lusitropy, neg. chronotropy, neg. dromotropy. Smooth muscle relaxation or mild vasodilation in the periphery Used for: HTN, angina, acute MI, SE: depression, impotence, nightmares, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia C/I: Asthma, COPD, Sinus bradycardia, partial AV block, sick sinus syndrome, severe hepatic impairment Caution in DM

Metoprolol

Name the medication: Protein synthesis inhibitor: Tetracyclines Concentrate selectively in bacterial cells Reversible binding; broad spectrum » Interact with calcium and cause tooth/bone abnormalities; photosensitivity; kidney toxicity, GI distress; prolongs Q-T interval C/I: children under age 8 years Pregnancy category D

Minocycline

Name the medication: Tetracyclic Use: Major depressive disorder WARNING: clinical worsening & suicide risk Pregnancy category C

Mirtazapine

Name the medication: Anti-bacterials with anti-inflammatory (steroid) Used for “swimmer’s ear”; superficial bacterial infections of the external auditory canal; infections of mastoidectomy and fenestration cavities Warning: can cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss (cochlear damage, destruction of hair cells in organ of Corti)

Neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone

Name the medication: NSAID drug Use: pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery SE: increased bleeding time, delayed healing, corneal effects (thinning, erosion, ulceration, perforation); don’t use while wearing contact lenses Pregnancy category C

Nepafenac

Name the medication: Used alone or in combination with ethinyl estradiol for combination oral contraceptive and menopausal agent Pregnancy category X

Norethindrone

Name the medication: Used for flushing and diarrhea associated with certain cancers; inhibits growth hormone (useful in acromegaly) SE: blurred vision, constipation, depressed mood, dizziness, dry mouth, dry skin and hair, fainting, fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat, feeling cold, flushed, dry skin, fruit-like breath odor, hair loss, hoarseness, increased hunger, increased thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps and stiffness, severe stomach pain w/ N&V, sweating, troubled breathing, unexplained weight loss, unusual tiredness or weakness, Wt gain Pregnancy category B

Octreotide

Name the medication: Used for ocular itching assoc. w/ allergic conjunctivitis SE: cold, pharyngitis; blurred vision, burning or stinging, conjunctivitis, dry eye, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, hypersensitivity, keratitis, lid edema, pain and ocular pruritus Pregnancy category C

Olopatadine - ophthalamic

Name the medication: Used for: bladder instability (urgency, frequency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria) » SE: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, pruritus, urinary retention C/I: narrow-angle glaucoma, gastric/urinary retention Pregnancy category B

Oxybutynin

Name the medication: PPI: suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump Used to tx erosive esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, but not for the immediate relief of heartburn symptoms. Can cause kidney problems

Pantoprazole

Name the medication: Used for: MDD, social anxiety disorder, OCD, panic disorder, GAD SE: sexual dysfunction, GI distress, constipation. vasospasm, sweating, somnolence, anxiety; serotonin syndrome, may precipitate mania; worsening of depression to the point of suicide Pregnancy category C

Paroxetine

Name the medication: Reduces pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension; management of acute closed-angle glaucoma; induction of miosis SE: poor vision in low light, retinal detachment, iritis, paradoxical increase in intra-ocular pressure in children with primary congenital glaucoma Pregnancy category C

Pilocarpine

Name the medication: Oral steroid Used to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, allergic disorders, gland (endocrine) disorders, and conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells. C/I: fungal infection anywhere in your body.

Prednisolone

Name the medication: Used for: spinal anesthesia; NO TOPICAL EFFECT effect C/I: generalized septicemia, sepsis at injection site, meningitis, syphilis WARNING: to be used only by clinicians trained in procedure AND emergency care should something go awry Pregnancy category C

Procaine

Name the medication: Classical anti-psychotic category, but slightly different structure; very similar profile to 1st generation H1-blockers; available IM, PO and as rectal suppositories Labeled uses: severe nausea/vomiting (both); schizophrenia; rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatographism, sedation, motion sickness, post-op pain (promethazine) WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (CV or infectious) C/I: children under age 2 years (concern of fatal respiratory depression); asthma SE: extra-pyramidal, sedation, pseudo-Parkinson’s Pregnancy category C

Promethazine/ Prochlorperazine

Name the medication: Used for schizophrenia, mania, schizophrenia, mania/mixed episodes in bipolar I, adjunct for MDD, Tourette’s, SE: anticholinergic symptoms, sedation, weight gain; mild extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia, dysglycemia; increased suicide risk WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis Pregnancy category C

Quetiapine

Name the medication: Bradykinin causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation Used for HTN, treatment of heart failure after MI Side effect: Cough, angioedema, acute renal failure (first dose), hyperkalemia C/I: pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis Pregnancy category D

Ramipril

Name the medication: Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase Used for: Hepatic encephalopathy; IBS w/ diarrhea; traveler's diarrhea Off-label: recurrent C. diff infection; hepatic encephalopathy

Rifaximin

Name the medication: Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation via direct, selective and reversible inhibition of factor Xa (FXa) in both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways Used for: tx and prophylaxis of DVT, nonvalvular AF, tx of PE, reduction of risk in recurrent DVT and/or PE Pregnancy category C

Rivaroxaban

Name the medication: Labeled uses: N&V d/t motion sickness, certain types of muscle problems (eg, some Parkinson-like conditions, certain muscle spasm problems) and certain stomach or intestinal problems (eg, irritable colon syndrome), post surgery SE: drowsiness and xerostomia C/I: angle closure glaucoma Pregnancy category C

Scopolamine

Name the medication: Used for: seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, dandruff, tinea versicolor MoA unknown but appears to have cytostatic effect on cells of the epidermis and follicular epithelium, reducing corneocyte production » Rx is 2.5% solution; OtC is 1% Pregnancy category C

Selenium disulfide

Name the medication: Used for: hyperlipidemia, adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) “Adjunct to diet” for the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, apo-B, and increase HDL M/b used in combo w/ other cholesterol reducers Largest effect occurs w/ the starting dose Metabolized primarily in the liver (CYP450), depletes CoQ-10 SE: Neuropathy; rhabdomyolysis; Memory loss, blood sugar irregularities C/I: in acute liver disease Pregnancy category X

Simvastatin

Name the medication: Used: bladder instability (urgency, frequency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria) » SE: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, pruritus, urinary retention C/I: narrow-angle glaucoma, gastric/urinary retention Pregnancy category C

Solifenacin

Name the medication: Recombinant DNA growth hormone; assists growth of linear bone, skeletal muscle, and organs by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipolysis, protein synthesis, and hepatic glucose output; stimulates erythropoietin which increases red blood cell mass; exerts both insulin-like and diabetogenic effects; enhances the transmucosal transport of water, electrolytes, and nutrients across the gut Used for: growth failure in pediatrics; growth hormone deficiency in adults; cachexia of HIV; short bowel syndrome in patients receiving specialized nutritional support SE: upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, arthropathy, HA, hypoesthesia, increased serum glucose, limb pain, myalgia, paresthesia, and peripheral edema; fatigue, fluid retention, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, insomnia, joint stiffness, joint swelling, nausea, and anasarca (extreme generalized edema) Pregnancy category C

Somatropin

Name the medication: Bacteriostatic sulfonamide Uses: conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections Pregnancy category C Also used topically (different formulation) for acne and seborrheic dermatitis

Sulfacetamide

Name the medication: Uses: prophylaxis of rejection in organ transplants (kidney, liver, heart) WARNINGS: malignancies and serious infections Other SE: new onset diabetes, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, HTN, hyperkalemia, myocardial hypertrophy, GI perforation Pregnancy category C

Tacrolimus

Name the medication: Competitively binds to α1 receptors, dec. norepi activity. This results in dec. vascular resistance systemically. There are many such receptors also in the prostate (stroma and capsule), as well as the urinary bladder neck Used for HTN, BPH Side effects: syncope (first dose effect), priapism, asthenia Pregnancy category C

Terazosin

Name the medication: Immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic characteristics; immunologic effects may vary based on conditions Uses: leprosy; multiple myeloma (in conjunction with dexamethasone) Pregnancy category X (SERIOUS precautions are taken to ensure women do not become pregnant while on this medication, and men taking it do not get a woman pregnant)

Thalidomide

Name the medication: Labeled uses: elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma » CI: bronchial asthma, COPD, sinus bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, overt cardiac failure Warning: systemic absorption (SE same as with oral beta-blockers) Pregnancy category C

Timolol

Name the medication: Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist (centrally acting); presumably reduces spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons SE: hypotension, sedation, risk of liver injury, hallucinations, interactions w/ CYP1A2 inhibitors (ciprofloxacin) Pregnancy category C

Tizanidine

Name the medication: Uses: epilepsy, migraines SE: Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle Closure; Visual Field Defects; Oligohidrosis and Hyperthermia; Metabolic Acidosis; Suicidal Behavior and Ideation; Cognitive/Neuropsychiatric Adverse Reactions; Fetal Toxicity; Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP); Hyperammonemia and Encephalopathy (w/ and w/out Concomitant Valproic Acid [VPA] Use; Kidney Stones; Hypothermia w/ concomitant VPA use; paresthesia Pregnancy category D

Topiramate

Name the medication: Act on µ-opioid receptors Class II controlled substances Used for moderate to severe pain SE: Periods of not breathing; trouble breathing, constipation migraines Pregnancy category C

Tramadol

Name the medication: Synthetic vitamin A acid (retinoic acid) Labeled use: topical treatment for acne vulgaris Warning: highly flammable! Pregnancy category C

Tretinoin

``` Name the medication: Used in edema. Off-label use: HTN in children/adolescents and anti-HTN diuretic induced hypokalemia. Used primarily in combo (used alone, much less effective in reducing hypertension) SE: Hyperkalemia Depletes: Folic acid and zinc ```

Triamterene

``` Name the medication: Gallstone solubilizing agent Used for: primary biliary cirrhosis SE: back pain, arthralgia, alopecia, arthritis, pharyngitis C/I: biliary obstruction Pregnancy category B ```

Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodiol)

Name the medication: Uses: epilepsy, mania, migraine SE: Hepatic failure; Birth defects; Decreased IQ following in utero exposure; Pancreatitis; Hyper-ammonemic encephalopathy; Suicidal behavior and ideation; Bleeding and other hematopoietic disorders; Hypothermia Drug Reaction w/ Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions; Somnolence in the elderly

Valproate (Divaloproex)

Name the medication: Antibiotic Prevents transfer of cell wall precursors from bacterial plasma membrane to the cell wall thus causing bacterial death d/t interrupted cell wall synthesis. Normally given IV. PO has poor absorption but this trait makes it an excellent agent in the treatment of C. difficile colitis

Vancomycin

Name the medication: Act on vascular smooth muscle & myocardium. Potent dilator of coronary arteries Useful in treating HTN, certain cardiac arrhythmias (type IV anti-arrhythmic), some forms of angina (Prinzmetal) C/I in sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, hypotension, acute MI + pulmonary congestion Depletes: Vitamin E Pregnancy category C

Verapamil

Name the medication: Stimulates production (via the liver) of active prothrombin (factor II), proconvertin, (factor VII), plasma thromboplastin component (factor IX), and Stuart factor (factor X) Used for: anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives; prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn; hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy; hypoprothrombinemia (secondary), obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis; other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with vitamin K metabolism, e.g., salicylates. WARNINGS: fatalities have occurred during/after IV/IM use—even 1st dose Pregnancy category C

Vitamin K

Name the medication: H2 blockers - bind reversibly Uses: short-term (4-8 weeks) use for active duodenal & gastric ulcers; maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcers (5 years); erosive GERD (up to 12 weeks); pathological hyper-secretory conditions » Absorbed from small intestine; excreted through kidneys and liver SE: diarrhea, HA, muscle pain, constipation, fatigue; IV-confusion, hallucinations -Pregnancy category

Cimetidine

Name the medication: Second generation anti-histamines SE: very little dry mouth or drowsiness; less lipophilic prolonged QT intervals leading to ventricular arrhythmias Block histamine release from the mast cells; useful for seasonal allergic rhinitis (H1 blockers) » Inverse agonists—bind/stabilize inactive conformation of H1 receptor Inhibitors of P450 enzymes Pregnancy category B

Fexofenadine and Cetirizine

Name the medication: Block parietal cell hydrogen/potassium ATP-ase (proton pump); covalent bond, irreversible; parietal cell must make new molecules (takes about 18 hrs)! For tx H. pylori, short-term tx of duodenal and gastric ulcers (4-8 weeks); maintenance of healed duodenal ulcers (12 months); GERD (8 weeks); allow NSAID use in patient w/ peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Metabolized by liver (CYP2C19), excreted by kidneys SE: HA, nausea, disturbed bowel function, abdominal pain, increased risk of hip fracture Increased gastrin release (no inhibition by gastric acid) induce hyperplasia of ECL cells (enterochromaffin-like cells) tumors; rebound hypersecretion when drug is stopped Hospital use: increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia, C. difficile infection, enteric infections (Salmonella, E. coli) Pregnancy category C

Lansoprazole

Name the medication: Block parietal cell hydrogen/potassium ATP-ase (proton pump); covalent bond, irreversible; -Used for: H. pylori, short-term tx of duodenal/gastric ulcers (4-8 weeks); maintenance of healed duodenal ulcers (12 months); GERD (8 weeks); allow NSAID use in patient w/ peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome SE: HA, nausea, disturbed bowel function, abdominal pain, increased risk of hip fracture Hospital use: increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia, C. difficile infection, enteric infections (Salmonella, E. coli) Pregnancy category C

Omeprazole

``` Name the medication: Long-acting β-2 agonist 12-24 hour duration of action Must be used in conjunction with steroid to reduce inflammation & risk of asthma exacerbation Prolongs Q-T interval Pregnancy category C ```

(Fluticasone) + Salmeterol

Who receives the Tdap vaccine?

ADULTS

How many doses in the series for Rotavirus Gastroenteritis vaccine? Who receives this vaccine?

3 dose series | CHILDREN