Pharmacology Group 3 Flashcards
What is a commonly prescribed pharmaceutical with the following conditions?
Hypertension (esp. w/ high renin activity), edema, hypervolemia, CHF, chronic renal failure, and diabetic neuropathy
Lisinopril
Which pharmaceutical works as an ACE-inhibitor which suppresses synthesis of angiotensin II, is a potent vasoconstrictor, and interferes with aldosterone production?
Lisinopril
What are 11 adverse effects associated with use of Lisinopril?
- Dry cough
- Rash
- Fever
- Dizziness
- Headache
- “Scalded mouth” syndrome (loss of taste w/metallic taste)
- Neutropenia (higher risk when renal function is impaired)
- Proteinuria
- Nephrotic syndrome (in otherwise healthy hypertensives)
- Severe hypotension after first dose in CHF
- Renal artery stenosis
What are 4 contraindications for use of Lisinopril?
- Bone marrow suppression
- Renal artery stenosis
- Hyperkalemia
- Low-renin HTN
What is the pregnancy class for Lisinopril?
Preg D
T/F: Antacids and NSAIDS interfere with Lisinopril
True
Capsaicin exacerbates _________ associated with Lisinopril use.
Cough
T/F: Lisinopril decreases Digoxin and Lithium levels and toxicity
FALSE! Lisinopril INCREASES Digoxin and Lithium levels and toxicity
T/F: There is a high risk of hyperkalemia with concomitant use of Lisinopril with potassium-sparing diuretics
True
T/F: Probenecid decreases Captopril levels
FALSE! Probenecid INCREASES Captopril levels
What is a monitoring parameter for Lisinopril use?
Monitor UA for proteinuria
How is Lisinopril administered? What should dosing be with regards to food (with or without)?
Orally, taken AWAY from food
What is another pharmaceutical that fits in with the following medications?
Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, Losartan, Olmesartan, and Telmisartan
Valsartan
Which pharmaceutical is associated with the following conditions?
HTN (esp. w/ high renin activity), CHF, post-MI, diabetic neuropathy
Valsartan
What is the action of Valsartan?
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
What are 4 adverse effects associated with use of Valsartan?
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Photosensitivity
- Might increase MI risk
What is a contraindication associated with Valsartan?
Low-renin HTN
What is the monitoring parameter for use of Valsartan?
Urine K+
How is Valsartan administered?
Orally
Which pharmaceutical is associated with the following conditions?
HTN (either alone or in combination with diuretics, cardiac glycosides, ACE inhibitors, or calcium agonists) and BPH symptoms
Clonidine
What is the action of Clonidine?
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
What are 12 adverse effects associated with Clonidine use?
- Marked hypotension (w/ first dose)
- Syncope (w/ first dose)
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Fatigue
- Somnolence
- Vertigo
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Drowsiness
- Tachycardia
Which condition should take caution with use of Clonidine?
Patients with renal impairment
What should be ruled out before prescribing Clonidine for symptoms fo BPH?
Prostate Cancer
Which pregnancy category is Clonidine?
Preg C
Hypotensive effects of Clonidine are increased with which types of medications?
- Beta blockers
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- Calcium channel blockers
- Other hypotensives
Effects of Clonidine are decreased with which type of medication?
NSAIDS
Which 5 herbs should be avoided if using Clonidine?
- Dong quai
- Yohimbe
- Ginseng
- Garlic
- Saw palmetto (esp. if using for BPH)
What are the monitoring parameters associated with use of Clonidine?
- Syncope may happen within 90 minutes of first dose
- BP standing, sitting, supine
- Mental status
- HR
How is Clonidine administered?
Orally
What are 2 specific agents referred to as beta blockers?
- Atenolol
2. Propranolol
Which type of pharmaceutical is associated with the following conditions?
HTN, angina pectoris, post-MI, essential tremor, migraine, cluster headache prevention, and panic disorder
Beta blockers
What is the specific action of beta blockers?
Blocks response to beta-adrenergic stimulation
What are 9 adverse effects associated with use of beta blockers?
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Glucose/Lipid dymetabolism
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Constipation
- Alopecia
- Sexual dysfunction
T/F: Propranolol is rarely used today due to its non-selectivity w/ tendency to cause bronchospasm.
True
What are 7 contraindications to using beta blockers?
- Raynaud’s syndrome
- Asthma (esp. propranolol)
- Sinus bradycardia
- Sinus node dysfunction
- Heart block (other than first-degree)
- Cardiogenic shock
- Edema
What is the pregnancy class for beta blockers?
Preg C
Beta-blockers can increase effects of drugs that slow AV conduction. Which 4 drugs would this include?
- Digoxin
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem
- Alpha-blockers
T/F: Beta blockers can mask tachycardia from hypoglycemia
True
T/F: Beta blockers can have increased effects with aluminum salts, barbiturates, NSAIDS, penicillins
FALSE! It has DECREASED effects
What are the 5 monitoring parameters associated with beta blockers?
- BP
- Pulses
- Glucose
- Lipids
- Energy levels
How are beta blockers administered? What happens with abrupt withdrawal?
Orally. Abrupt withdrawal may cause hypertension
