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NPLEX II - Lynda > Pharmacology Group 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Group 1 Flashcards

1
Q

For which 5 conditions should be Nitroglycerin be used?

A
  1. Acute/chronic angina
  2. Acute MI
  3. CHF
  4. Hypertensive crisis (IV)
  5. Raynaud’s syndrome (topical)?
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2
Q

Which pharmaceutical’s action is releasing nitrous oxide in smooth muscle causing relaxation?

A

Nitroglycerin

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3
Q

What are 5 adverse effects of using nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Headache
  2. Postural hypotension
  3. Loses efficacy over time
  4. Reactive tachycardia
  5. Increased O2 consumption via cardiac sinus stimulation
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4
Q

T/F: After 24 hours of continuous use, nitroglycerin activity continues to efficacy for another 24

A

FALSE!! 24 hours of continuous use abolishes activity 100%, even at huge doses

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5
Q

Which 2 responses should cause one to discontinue use of nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Blurred vision

2. Dry mouth

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6
Q

T/F: Overdosing on nitroglycerin can be fatal

A

True

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7
Q

What pregnancy class is nitroglycerin?

A

Preg C

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8
Q

What are 5 contraindications for use of nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Severe anemia
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Head trauma
  4. Hypotension (IV)
  5. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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9
Q

What happens when nitroglycerin is combined with ethanol?

A

Severe hypotension/CV collapse

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10
Q

What is nitroglycerin potentiated by?

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

What happens when nitroglycerin is used with calcium channel blockers and sildenafil?

A

Hypotension

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12
Q

What is the interaction between nitroglycerin and ergotamine?

A

It is unpredictable

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13
Q

T/F: Nitroglycerin interferes with heparin

A

True

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14
Q

_________________ helps reduce or reverse nitrate tolerance.

A

N-acetylcysteine

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15
Q

What are 2 monitoring parameters when using nitroglycerin?

A
  1. BP

2. HR

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16
Q

What are 5 modes of administration of nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Sublingual
  2. Oral
  3. Transdermal patch
  4. IV
  5. Ointment
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17
Q

T/F: Nitroglycerin should be withdrawn quickly to avoid rebound angina

A

FALSE!! Nitroglycerin should be withdrawn GRADUALLY to avoid rebound angina

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18
Q

Which pharmaceutical should be used for the following conditions?
Intermittent claudication, vascular dementia, Peyronie’s Dz, alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver dz, sickle cell anemia

A

Pentoxifylline

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19
Q

Which pharmaceutical is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, redox modulator, and inflammation modulator (inhibits TNF-alpha, leukotriene synthesis)?

A

Pentoxifylline

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20
Q

T/F: Adverse effects with use of Pentoxifylline are very rare

A

True

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21
Q

What pregnancy class is Pentoxifylline?

A

Preg C

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22
Q

What are the contraindications or interactions associated with use of Pentoxifylline?

A

None determined

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23
Q

What is the mode of administration of Pentoxifylline?

A

Oral

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24
Q

Which pharmaceutical should be used for the following conditions?
Hypercholesterolemia type IIa and b, hyperlipidemias, atherosclerosis (Decreases CAD mortality)

A

Atorvastatin

Lovastatin is a similar agent

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25
Which pharmaceutical is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol); mostly lowers LDL levels, variable effect on HDL levels; now largely believed to act by reducing inflammation and possibly as vitamin D receptor agonists?
Atorvastatin
26
What are 12 adverse effects seen with use of Atorvastatin?
1. Inhibits CoQ10 formation (may worsen CV dz) 2. Elevated liver enzymes 3. Pruritis 4. Myalgia 5. Headache 6. Hepatitis (2%) 7. Myositis (0.5%) 8. Cataracts 9. Insomnia (Not seen with Pravastatin) 10. Peptic ulceration 11. Carcinogenic in animals 12. Photosensitivity
27
What are 6 contraindication for use of Atorvastatin?
1. Liver dz 2. Kidney dz 3. Cataracts 4. PUD 5. Lactation 6. Undiagnosed secondary hyperlipidemia (i.e. hyperlipidemia due to poorly controlled DM)
28
What pregnancy class is Atorvastatin?
Preg X
29
T/F: Atorvastatin is highly protein bound
True - Pravastatin is not
30
T/F: Atorvastatin works synergistically with niacin
True
31
Which 5 pharmaceuticals increase Atorvastatin toxicity?
1. Itraconazole 2. Cyclosporine 3. Erythromycin 4. Gemfibrozil 5. Sustained-release niacin
32
What pharmaceutical interferes with the function of Atorvastatin?
Rifampin
33
T/F: Atorvastatin reduces the levels of OCPs
FALSE! It INCREASES OCP levels
34
T/F: Atorvastatin works synergistically well with Propranolol, Cholestyramine, and Colestipol
FALSE! Atorvastatin is INTERFERED with by propranolol
35
T/F: Atorvastatin potentiates digoxin and warfarin
True
36
What are 3 monitoring parameters for Atorvastatin use?
1. Monitor serum liver enzymes (baseline before therapy and again at 6-12 weeks) 2. Administer periodic slit lamp exams 3. Check CPK levels if myalgia occurs
37
How is Atorvastatin administered? When should it be taken? And why?
Oral; at night (highest cholesterol production is between midnight and 5am)
38
What is the indication for use of Isotretinoin?
Severe nodular acne not responsive to other treatments
39
What is the action of Isotretinoin?
Synthetic retinoid; reduce sebum production from sebaceous glands
40
What is the pregnancy class of Isotretinoin? What does this class mean?
Pregnancy X - must use birth control while taking
41
T/F: Alcohol should be avoided when using Isotretinoin
True
42
T/F: There is increased bioavailability of Isotretinoin with food or milk
True
43
T/F: There is decreased toxicity of Isotretinoin with corticosteroids
FALSE! Toxicity is INCREASED
44
T/F: Isotretinoin reduces contraceptive effectiveness with microdose progesterone preparations
True
45
What are 4 monitoring parameters associated with Isotretinoin use?
1. CBC w/ diff 2. Platelet count 3. ESR 4. CPK
46
What is the route of administration of Isotretinoin? With or without food?
Oral: capsule | Should be taken WITH food
47
What are 5 uses for Clindamycin?
1. Acne (topical w/ benzoyl peroxide) 2. Aerobic Gram-positive INFXN (Staph, MRSA, Strep w/TSS - NOT Enterococci) 3. Unusual anaerobic Gram-negative INFXN 4. BV (intravaginal) 5. Falciparum malaria (w/quinine or chloroquine)
48
What is the action of Clindamycin?
Bacteriostatic protein synthesis (incl. toxin synthesis) inhibitor
49
What are 7 adverse effects associated with Clindamycin use?
1. Diarrhea 2. Pseudomembranous colitis 3. Nausea/Vomiting 4. Rash 5. Dysgeusia 6. GERD (stay upright after taking it to avoid this) 7. Hepatotoxicity (rare)
50
What is the pregnancy class for Clindamycin?
Preg B
51
Clindamycin combined with macrolides or chloramphenicol will have which 2 interactions?
1. Antagonism | 2. Cross-resistance
52
T/F: Neuromuscular-blocking drugs potentiate Clindamycin
True
53
What is the route of administration for Clindamycin?
Oral, topical
54
What are 2 related drugs to Latanoprost?
1. Bimatoprost | 2. Travoprost
55
What is the indication for Latanoprost?
Primary open-angle glaucoma
56
What are the actions of Latanoprost?
Reduces intraocular pressure by increase aqueous fluid outflow; prostaglandin F2a analog
57
What are 5 adverse effects associated with Latanoprost?
1. Hyperemia of eyes 2. Blurry vision 3. Thick darkened eyelashes 4. Eye discomfort 5. Browning of iris
58
Which condition should Latanoprost be used with caution?
Keratoconus
59
What is a monitoring parameters for use with Latanoprost?
Regular ocular pressure checks
60
What is the route of administration of Latanoprost?
Topical

NPLEX II - Lynda (29 decks)

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