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NPLEX II - Lynda > Pharmacology Group 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Group 1 Flashcards

1
Q

For which 5 conditions should be Nitroglycerin be used?

A
  1. Acute/chronic angina
  2. Acute MI
  3. CHF
  4. Hypertensive crisis (IV)
  5. Raynaud’s syndrome (topical)?
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2
Q

Which pharmaceutical’s action is releasing nitrous oxide in smooth muscle causing relaxation?

A

Nitroglycerin

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3
Q

What are 5 adverse effects of using nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Headache
  2. Postural hypotension
  3. Loses efficacy over time
  4. Reactive tachycardia
  5. Increased O2 consumption via cardiac sinus stimulation
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4
Q

T/F: After 24 hours of continuous use, nitroglycerin activity continues to efficacy for another 24

A

FALSE!! 24 hours of continuous use abolishes activity 100%, even at huge doses

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5
Q

Which 2 responses should cause one to discontinue use of nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Blurred vision

2. Dry mouth

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6
Q

T/F: Overdosing on nitroglycerin can be fatal

A

True

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7
Q

What pregnancy class is nitroglycerin?

A

Preg C

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8
Q

What are 5 contraindications for use of nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Severe anemia
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Head trauma
  4. Hypotension (IV)
  5. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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9
Q

What happens when nitroglycerin is combined with ethanol?

A

Severe hypotension/CV collapse

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10
Q

What is nitroglycerin potentiated by?

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

What happens when nitroglycerin is used with calcium channel blockers and sildenafil?

A

Hypotension

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12
Q

What is the interaction between nitroglycerin and ergotamine?

A

It is unpredictable

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13
Q

T/F: Nitroglycerin interferes with heparin

A

True

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14
Q

_________________ helps reduce or reverse nitrate tolerance.

A

N-acetylcysteine

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15
Q

What are 2 monitoring parameters when using nitroglycerin?

A
  1. BP

2. HR

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16
Q

What are 5 modes of administration of nitroglycerin?

A
  1. Sublingual
  2. Oral
  3. Transdermal patch
  4. IV
  5. Ointment
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17
Q

T/F: Nitroglycerin should be withdrawn quickly to avoid rebound angina

A

FALSE!! Nitroglycerin should be withdrawn GRADUALLY to avoid rebound angina

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18
Q

Which pharmaceutical should be used for the following conditions?
Intermittent claudication, vascular dementia, Peyronie’s Dz, alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver dz, sickle cell anemia

A

Pentoxifylline

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19
Q

Which pharmaceutical is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, redox modulator, and inflammation modulator (inhibits TNF-alpha, leukotriene synthesis)?

A

Pentoxifylline

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20
Q

T/F: Adverse effects with use of Pentoxifylline are very rare

A

True

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21
Q

What pregnancy class is Pentoxifylline?

A

Preg C

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22
Q

What are the contraindications or interactions associated with use of Pentoxifylline?

A

None determined

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23
Q

What is the mode of administration of Pentoxifylline?

A

Oral

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24
Q

Which pharmaceutical should be used for the following conditions?
Hypercholesterolemia type IIa and b, hyperlipidemias, atherosclerosis (Decreases CAD mortality)

A

Atorvastatin

Lovastatin is a similar agent

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25
Q

Which pharmaceutical is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol); mostly lowers LDL levels, variable effect on HDL levels; now largely believed to act by reducing inflammation and possibly as vitamin D receptor agonists?

A

Atorvastatin

26
Q

What are 12 adverse effects seen with use of Atorvastatin?

A
  1. Inhibits CoQ10 formation (may worsen CV dz)
  2. Elevated liver enzymes
  3. Pruritis
  4. Myalgia
  5. Headache
  6. Hepatitis (2%)
  7. Myositis (0.5%)
  8. Cataracts
  9. Insomnia (Not seen with Pravastatin)
  10. Peptic ulceration
  11. Carcinogenic in animals
  12. Photosensitivity
27
Q

What are 6 contraindication for use of Atorvastatin?

A
  1. Liver dz
  2. Kidney dz
  3. Cataracts
  4. PUD
  5. Lactation
  6. Undiagnosed secondary hyperlipidemia (i.e. hyperlipidemia due to poorly controlled DM)
28
Q

What pregnancy class is Atorvastatin?

29
Q

T/F: Atorvastatin is highly protein bound

A

True - Pravastatin is not

30
Q

T/F: Atorvastatin works synergistically with niacin

31
Q

Which 5 pharmaceuticals increase Atorvastatin toxicity?

A
  1. Itraconazole
  2. Cyclosporine
  3. Erythromycin
  4. Gemfibrozil
  5. Sustained-release niacin
32
Q

What pharmaceutical interferes with the function of Atorvastatin?

33
Q

T/F: Atorvastatin reduces the levels of OCPs

A

FALSE! It INCREASES OCP levels

34
Q

T/F: Atorvastatin works synergistically well with Propranolol, Cholestyramine, and Colestipol

A

FALSE! Atorvastatin is INTERFERED with by propranolol

35
Q

T/F: Atorvastatin potentiates digoxin and warfarin

36
Q

What are 3 monitoring parameters for Atorvastatin use?

A
  1. Monitor serum liver enzymes (baseline before therapy and again at 6-12 weeks)
  2. Administer periodic slit lamp exams
  3. Check CPK levels if myalgia occurs
37
Q

How is Atorvastatin administered? When should it be taken? And why?

A

Oral; at night (highest cholesterol production is between midnight and 5am)

38
Q

What is the indication for use of Isotretinoin?

A

Severe nodular acne not responsive to other treatments

39
Q

What is the action of Isotretinoin?

A

Synthetic retinoid; reduce sebum production from sebaceous glands

40
Q

What is the pregnancy class of Isotretinoin? What does this class mean?

A

Pregnancy X - must use birth control while taking

41
Q

T/F: Alcohol should be avoided when using Isotretinoin

42
Q

T/F: There is increased bioavailability of Isotretinoin with food or milk

43
Q

T/F: There is decreased toxicity of Isotretinoin with corticosteroids

A

FALSE! Toxicity is INCREASED

44
Q

T/F: Isotretinoin reduces contraceptive effectiveness with microdose progesterone preparations

45
Q

What are 4 monitoring parameters associated with Isotretinoin use?

A
  1. CBC w/ diff
  2. Platelet count
  3. ESR
  4. CPK
46
Q

What is the route of administration of Isotretinoin? With or without food?

A

Oral: capsule

Should be taken WITH food

47
Q

What are 5 uses for Clindamycin?

A
  1. Acne (topical w/ benzoyl peroxide)
  2. Aerobic Gram-positive INFXN (Staph, MRSA, Strep w/TSS - NOT Enterococci)
  3. Unusual anaerobic Gram-negative INFXN
  4. BV (intravaginal)
  5. Falciparum malaria (w/quinine or chloroquine)
48
Q

What is the action of Clindamycin?

A

Bacteriostatic protein synthesis (incl. toxin synthesis) inhibitor

49
Q

What are 7 adverse effects associated with Clindamycin use?

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Pseudomembranous colitis
  3. Nausea/Vomiting
  4. Rash
  5. Dysgeusia
  6. GERD (stay upright after taking it to avoid this)
  7. Hepatotoxicity (rare)
50
Q

What is the pregnancy class for Clindamycin?

51
Q

Clindamycin combined with macrolides or chloramphenicol will have which 2 interactions?

A
  1. Antagonism

2. Cross-resistance

52
Q

T/F: Neuromuscular-blocking drugs potentiate Clindamycin

53
Q

What is the route of administration for Clindamycin?

A

Oral, topical

54
Q

What are 2 related drugs to Latanoprost?

A
  1. Bimatoprost

2. Travoprost

55
Q

What is the indication for Latanoprost?

A

Primary open-angle glaucoma

56
Q

What are the actions of Latanoprost?

A

Reduces intraocular pressure by increase aqueous fluid outflow; prostaglandin F2a analog

57
Q

What are 5 adverse effects associated with Latanoprost?

A
  1. Hyperemia of eyes
  2. Blurry vision
  3. Thick darkened eyelashes
  4. Eye discomfort
  5. Browning of iris
58
Q

Which condition should Latanoprost be used with caution?

A

Keratoconus

59
Q

What is a monitoring parameters for use with Latanoprost?

A

Regular ocular pressure checks

60
Q

What is the route of administration of Latanoprost?

NPLEX II - Lynda (29 decks)

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