physical literacy Flashcards
what was the original definition of PL in early 1900s
originally used to describe indigenous peoples
- used alongside numeracy and literacy
what is the modern definition of PL
different definitions across countries and cultures but always include:
- mvmt skills
- motivational constructs
- positive affect
what are the two PL camps
idealist / monist - margaret whitehead
(brought PL back to modern world)
pragmatic / practical - john cairney
what is the idealist / monist view of PL
grounded in philosophy
believes that PL is an “embodied experience” that everyone has
- ongoing journey throughout life
- can never be 100% physically literate
can’t and shouldn’t measure (qual approach)
what is the pragmatic / practical approach
PL can be measured (challenging but can be done)
- measurement allows for tailored interventions / create programs to improve/impact someone’s PL
- uses model for PL
what are individual factors that influence PL
disability status, age, sex, gender
what are environmental conditions that influence PL
where they live, SES, physical or social environmental context
what type of variables are physical and environmental factors
moderator variables
- lots of factors = high impact on PL
- less factors = low impact on PL
what are the 4 domains of PL
- mvmt competence
- confidence / motivation
- social participation
- positive affect
what is mvmt competence
fundamental mvmt skills in multiple environments (land, water, ice, etc)
what is confidence / motivation
feeling confident about how they move
- little kids = high confidence, poor mvmt
- as they age - confidence and mvmt skills get closer together
- girls - confidence decreases past mvmt skill
- boys - more able to make accurate assumptions abotu ability
what is social participation
usually engage in PA in a social setting
what is positive affect
fun, happiness, enjoyment
- the more we engage in mvmt, the happier we are
what are the 3 fundamental mvmt skills
locomotor - anything that gets you from one place to another
object manipulation - can also be holding equipment
stability and balance - body remains in one place but moves along axis (stretching, etc)
what is the continuum of mvmt competence
simple mvmt skills —>
complex mvmt skills (combined 2 or more simple skills) —>
sport specific skills (comes from complex skills)
why do different countries have different assessments of PL
due to different weather / environment, definitions of PL, focuses on different aspects of PL (different sports important in different cultures)
- most NA assessments don’t use equipment for object manip
what is the canadian assessment of physical literacy (CAPL)
for kids 8-12
battery of tests - not a single scale or tool
get one total score from combined tests
what are the tests per domain in CAPL
- affective (mainly confidence)
- 18% of total - behavioural (PA behaviour - measured with pedometer and self reported PA)
- 32% of total - cognitive (knowledge about phys ed curriculum)
- 18% of total - physical - CAMSA (motor skill testing obstacle course) + fitness (beep test + plank hold)
- 32% of total
what are the strengths of CAPL
- covers lots of domains
- connects motor skills together in the obstacle course (not performed in isolation)
what are the limitations of CAPL
- not inclusive - not standardised for kids with disabilities
- inaccurate self reporting PA
- made for kids 8-12 only
- want the highest correlation to be with the obstacle course score and total score (instead found that the plank hold was most related to the childs score)
- too much focus on fitness
what is the passport for life (PFL)
- completed through the school year
- grade 3-12
what are the 4 domains evaluated in PFL
active participation (self report)
- how active they are, and what types of sports they participate in
living skills (self report)
- similar to affective domain (feelings, thinking, interacting)
- understanding how to move and make decisions around PA
fitness skills (assessed by teacher)
- aerobic endurance (mostly), balance, core strength
movement skills (assessed by teacher)
- locomotor (running), upper limb movement (throw/catch), lower limb movement (kick and dribble a ball), balance (already assessed in fitness)
what are the strengths of PFL
- can apply to the whole class in one day of gym
- kids have a bit of autonomy with the self reporting and can show them change throughout the school year (ownership over their PA)
- longer tracking period - grade 3-12
what are the limitations of PFL
- not designed for kids with neurodevelopmental conditions
- need digital literacy (online reporting)
- not good at self reporting + recall
- fitness is an outcome of PL not an assessment tool
what is the physical literacy assessment for youth (PLAYtool)
- age 7+ (no top age)
- 18 tasks (running, locomotor, upper and lower body object control, balance, stability, and body control)
- scored from 0-100 per skill
- also look at confidence, competence, and knowledge
how does PLAYtool assess confidence, competence, and knowledge
assessed through their ability to show skills without demonstration
- want to limit the amount that the kids just mimic the demonstrator
what are the catagories of mvmt competence in PLAYtool
developing (0-50) = individual is still learning that skill
- divided into initial (0-25) and emerging (25-50)
acquired (50-100) = have the skill but not refined
- divided into competent (50-75) and proficient (75-100)
(100 = best in the world at that skill)
what are the strengths of the PLAYtool
- two versions of PLAYtool that are adapted - cognitive and physical
- not age banded (7 and up)
- accurate assessment of physical literacy
what are the limitations of PLAYtool
comprehension - need to focus as the assessor, hard to gauge a confident child
very subjective - based on the best in the world, confidence, and comprehension
